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This text offers an extension to the traditional Kripke semantics for non-classical logics by adding the notion of reactivity. Reactive Kripke models change their accessibility relation as we progress in the evaluation process of formulas in the model. This feature makes the reactive Kripke semantics strictly stronger and more applicable than the traditional one. Here we investigate the properties and axiomatisations of this new and most effective semantics, and we offer a wide landscape of applications of the idea of reactivity. Applied topics include reactive automata, reactive grammars, reactive products, reactive deontic logic and reactive preferential structures. Reactive Kripke semantics is the next step in the evolution of possible world semantics for non-classical logics, and this book, written by one of the leading authorities in the field, is essential reading for graduate students and researchers in applied logic, and it offers many research opportunities for PhD students.

Mathematics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Mathematical Theory --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer science. --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical. --- Logic. --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Informatics --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Mathematical logic. --- Computer Science. --- Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Mathematical Logic and Foundations. --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Intellect --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Science --- Reasoning --- Thought and thinking --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Methodology --- Artificial Intelligence.

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The Handbook of the Logic of Argument and Inference is an authoritative reference work in a single volume, designed for the attention of senior undergraduates, graduate students and researchers in all the leading research areas concerned with the logic of practical argument and inference. After an introductory chapter, the role of standard logics is surveyed in two chapters. These chapters can serve as a mini-course for interested readers, in deductive and inductive logic, or as a refresher. Then follow two chapters of criticism; one the internal critique and the other the emp

Logic, Symbolic and mathematical. --- Mathematics. --- Math --- Science --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Mathematics --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism

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theywereextensivelydiscussedbyallauthorsina3-dayHandbookmeeting. These are: • a chapter on non-monotonic logic • a chapter on combinatory logic and ?-calculus We felt at the time (1979) that non-monotonic logic was not ready for a chapter yet and that combinatory logic and ?-calculus was too far re- 1 moved. Non-monotonic logic is now a very major area of philosop- cal logic, alongside default logics, labelled deductive systems, ?bring l- ics, multi-dimensional, multimodal and substructural logics. Intensive - examinations of fragments of classical logic have produced fresh insights, including at time decision procedures and equivalence with non-classical systems. Perhaps the most impressive achievement of philosophical logic as arising inthepastdecadehasbeenthee?ectivenegotiationofresearchpartnerships with fallacy theory, informal logic and argumentation theory, attested to by the Amsterdam Conference in Logic and Argumentation in 1995, and the two Bonn Conferences in Practical Reasoning in 1996 and 1997. These subjects are becoming more and more useful in agent theory and intelligent and reactive databases. Finally, ?fteen years after the start of the Handbook project, I would like to take this opportunity to put forward my current views about logic in computer science, computational linguistics and arti?cial intelligence. In the early 1980s the perception of the role of logic in computer science was that of a speci?cation and reasoning tool and that of a basis for possibly neat computer languages. The computer scientist was manipulating data structures and the use of logic was one of his options.

Artificial intelligence. --- Linguistics. --- Logic. --- Philosophy. --- Philosophy --- Philosophy & Religion --- Logic --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Mathematics. --- Language and languages --- Philosophy and science. --- Computer logic. --- Mathematical logic. --- Mathematics, general. --- Philosophy of Language. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Logics and Meanings of Programs. --- Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages. --- Intellect --- Psychology --- Science --- Reasoning --- Thought and thinking --- Methodology

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Agents act on the basis of their beliefs and these beliefs change as they interact with other agents. In this book the authors propose and explain general logical tools for handling change. These tools include preferential reasoning, theory revision, and reasoning in inheritance systems, and the authors use these tools to examine nonmonotonic logic, deontic logic, counterfactuals, modal logic, intuitionistic logic, and temporal logic. This book will be of benefit to researchers engaged with artificial intelligence, and in particular agents, multiagent systems and nonmonotonic logic.

Intelligent agents (Computer software). --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical. --- Nonmonotonic reasoning. --- Programming languages (Electronic computers). --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Computer Science --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Information Technology --- Artificial Intelligence --- Intelligent agents (Computer software) --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Non-monotonic reasoning --- Agents, Autonomous (Computer software) --- Agents, Cognitive (Computer software) --- Agents, Intelligent (Computer software) --- Assistants, Cognitive (Computer software) --- Assistants, Intelligent software --- Autonomous agents (Computer software) --- Cognitive agents (Computer software) --- Cognitive assistants (Computer software) --- IAs (Computer software) --- Intelligent agent software --- Intelligent software agents --- Intelligent software assistants --- Software agents (Computer software) --- Special agents (Computer software) --- Computer science. --- Logic. --- Computers. --- Mathematical logic. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Mathematics. --- Computer Science. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Mathematics, general. --- Theory of Computation. --- Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages. --- Mathematical Logic and Foundations. --- Artificial intelligence --- Mathematics --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Reasoning --- Computer programs --- Information theory. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Intellect --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Science --- Thought and thinking --- Informatics --- Communication theory --- Communication --- Cybernetics --- Math --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Methodology --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Calculators --- Cyberspace

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This second edition of the Handbook of Philosophical Logic reflects great changes in the landscape of philosophical logic since the first edition. It gives readers an idea of that landscape and its relation to computer science and formal language and artificial intelligence. It shows how the increased demand for philosophical logic from computer science and artificial intelligence and computational linguistics accelerated the development of the subject directly and indirectly. This development in turn, directly pushed research forward, stimulated by the needs of applications. New logic areas becameestablished and old areas were enriched and expanded. At the same time, it socially provided employment for generations of logicians residing in computer science, linguistics and electrical engineering departments which of course helped keep the logic community to thrive. The many contributors to this Handbook are active in these application areas and are among the most famous leading figures of applied philosophical logic of our times.

Computer science. --- Computer vision. --- Logic. --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Machine vision --- Vision, Computer --- Informatics --- Philosophy. --- Linguistics. --- Linguistics, general. --- Philosophy, general. --- Intellect --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Science --- Reasoning --- Thought and thinking --- Methodology --- Artificial intelligence --- Image processing --- Pattern recognition systems --- Philosophy (General). --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Linguistic science --- Science of language --- Language and languages