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Information visualization is not only about creating graphical displays of complex and latent information structures; it contributes to a broader range of cognitive, social, and collaborative activities. This is the first book to examine information visualization from this perspective. This 2nd edition continues the unique and ambitious quest for setting information visualization and virtual environments in a unifying framework. Information Visualization: Beyond the Horizon pays special attention to the advances made over the last 5 years and potentially fruitful directions to pursue. It is particularly updated to meet the need for practitioners. The book is a valuable source for researchers and graduate students. This new edition is forwarded by Ben Shneiderman, University of Maryland.

Information visualization. --- Virtual reality. --- Environments, Virtual --- Virtual environments --- Virtual worlds --- Computer simulation --- Reality --- Data visualization --- Visualization of information --- Information science --- Visual analytics --- Computer science. --- Information theory. --- Information storage and retrieva. --- Computer software. --- Computer graphics. --- User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction. --- Theory of Computation. --- Information Storage and Retrieval. --- Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity. --- Computer Graphics. --- Information storage and retrieval. --- Automatic drafting --- Graphic data processing --- Graphics, Computer --- Computer art --- Graphic arts --- Electronic data processing --- Engineering graphics --- Image processing --- Software, Computer --- Computer systems --- Communication theory --- Communication --- Cybernetics --- Informatics --- Science --- Digital techniques --- Information storage and retrieval systems. --- Automatic data storage --- Automatic information retrieval --- Automation in documentation --- Computer-based information systems --- Data processing systems --- Data storage and retrieval systems --- Discovery systems, Information --- Information discovery systems --- Information processing systems --- Information retrieval systems --- Machine data storage and retrieval --- Mechanized information storage and retrieval systems --- Electronic information resources --- Data libraries --- Digital libraries --- Information organization --- Information retrieval --- User interfaces (Computer systems). --- Computers. --- Algorithms. --- Algorism --- Algebra --- Arithmetic --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic brains --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Machine theory --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Interfaces, User (Computer systems) --- Human-machine systems --- Human-computer interaction --- Foundations

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"Turning Points: The Nature of Creativity" discusses theories and methods focusing on a critical concept of intellectual turning points in the context of critical thinking, scientific discovery, and problem solving in general. This book introduces a novel analytical and experimental system that provides not only new ways for retrospective studies of scientific change but also for characterizing transformative potentials of prospective scientific contributions. The book is intended for scientists and researchers in the fields of information science and computer science. Dr. Chaomei Chen is an Associate Professor at the College of Information Science and Technology, Drexel University, USA.

Creative ability in science. --- Critical thinking. --- Discoveries in science. --- Problem solving. --- Critical reflection --- Computer science. --- Library science. --- Philosophy and science. --- Computers. --- Science education. --- Computer Science. --- Information Systems and Communication Service. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Science Education. --- Library Science. --- Methodology --- Psychology --- Decision making --- Executive functions (Neuropsychology) --- Breakthroughs, Scientific --- Discoveries, Scientific --- Scientific breakthroughs --- Scientific discoveries --- Creative ability in science --- Research --- Reflection (Critical thinking) --- Reflection process --- Reflective thinking --- Thinking, Critical --- Thinking, Reflective --- Thought and thinking --- Reflective learning --- Scientific creativity --- Science --- Information systems. --- Philosophy. --- Study and teaching. --- Librarianship --- Library economy --- Bibliography --- Documentation --- Information science --- Science education --- Scientific education --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Science and philosophy --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic brains --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Machine theory --- Calculators --- Cyberspace

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Correcting the Great Mistake People often mistake one thing for another. That’s human nature. However, one would expect the leaders in a particular field of endeavour to have superior abilities to discriminate among the developments within that field. That is why it is so perplexing that the technology elite – supposedly savvy folk such as software developers, marketers and businessmen – have continually mistaken Web-based graphics for something it is not. The first great graphics technology for the Web, VRML, has been mistaken for something else since its inception. Viewed variously as a game system, a format for architectural walkthroughs, a platform for multi-user chat and an augmentation of reality, VRML may qualify as the least understood invention in the history of information technology. Perhaps it is so because when VRML was originally introduced it was touted as a tool for putting the shopping malls of the world online, at once prosaic and horrifyingly mundane to those of us who were developing it. Perhaps those first two initials, “VR”, created expectations of sprawling, photorealistic fantasy landscapes for exploration and play across the Web. Or perhaps the magnitude of the invention was simply too great to be understood at the time by the many, ironically even by those spending the money to underwrite its development. Regardless of the reasons, VRML suffered in the mainstream as it was twisted to meet unintended ends and stretched far beyond its limitations.

Computer graphics. --- SVG (Document markup language) --- XML (Document markup language) --- Semantic Web. --- Information visualization. --- Automatic drafting --- Graphic data processing --- Graphics, Computer --- Computer art --- Graphic arts --- Electronic data processing --- Engineering graphics --- Image processing --- Digital techniques --- Data visualization --- Visualization of information --- Information science --- Visual analytics --- Semantic integration (Computer systems) --- Semantic networks (Information theory) --- World Wide Web --- Microformats --- Extendible Markup Language (Document markup language) --- eXtensible Markup Language (Document markup language) --- Document markup languages --- Scalable Vector Graphics (Document markup language) --- XML --- Computer science. --- Multimedia systems. --- Optical pattern recognition. --- User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction. --- Multimedia Information Systems. --- Computer Graphics. --- Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet). --- Pattern Recognition. --- Optical data processing --- Pattern perception --- Perceptrons --- Visual discrimination --- Computer-based multimedia information systems --- Multimedia computing --- Multimedia information systems --- Multimedia knowledge systems --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Informatics --- Science --- User interfaces (Computer systems). --- Multimedia information systems. --- Application software. --- Pattern recognition. --- Design perception --- Pattern recognition --- Form perception --- Perception --- Figure-ground perception --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software --- Interfaces, User (Computer systems) --- Human-machine systems --- Human-computer interaction

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This book is written for anyone who is interested in how a field of research evolves and the fundamental role of understanding uncertainties involved in various stages of the development of a scientific domain. In a nutshell, the uncertainty of scientific knowledge is how much we really know what we think we know. We introduce a series of computational and visual analytic techniques from research areas such as science mapping, text mining, literature-based discovery, and semantic network analysis so that readers can apply these tools to the study of a subject matter of their choice. In addition, we set the diverse set of methods in an integrative context that draws upon insights from philosophical, sociological, and evolutionary theories of what drives the advances of science so that the readers of the book can guide their own research with their enriched theoretical foundations. Scientific knowledge is complex. A subject matter is typically built on its own set of concepts, theories, methodologies, and findings discovered by generations of researchers and practitioners.  Scientific knowledge changes constantly. Some changes are profound and long-lasting, whereas others may be transient. How can we keep abreast of the state of the art as science advances? How can we effectively and precisely capture the epistemic status of the current science? The study of scientific knowledge in general has been overwhelmingly focusing on scientific knowledge per se. In contrast, the epistemic status of scientific knowledge at various levels of granularity has been largely overlooked, especially when the focus is on the development of a scientific domain. This book aims to highlight the role of uncertainties in developing a better understanding of the status of scientific knowledge at a particular time and how its status evolves over the course of the development of research. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the knowledge of the types of uncertainties associated with scientific claims serves as an integral and critical part of our domain expertise.

Computer science. --- Software engineering. --- Data mining. --- Computer graphics. --- Computer Science. --- Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. --- Computer Imaging, Vision, Pattern Recognition and Graphics. --- Software Engineering. --- Computer vision. --- Algorithmic knowledge discovery --- Factual data analysis --- KDD (Information retrieval) --- Knowledge discovery in data --- Knowledge discovery in databases --- Mining, Data --- Database searching --- Computer software engineering --- Engineering --- Machine vision --- Vision, Computer --- Artificial intelligence --- Image processing --- Pattern recognition systems --- Uncertainty (Information theory) --- Optical data processing. --- Optical computing --- Visual data processing --- Bionics --- Electronic data processing --- Integrated optics --- Photonics --- Computers --- Optical equipment