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This book develops a morphodynamical approach of spatial networks with a particular emphasis on infrastructure networks such as streets, roads and transportation networks (subway, train). The author presents the mathematical tools needed to characterize these structures and how they evolve in time. The book discusses the most important empirical results and stylized facts, and will present the most important models of spatial networks. The target audience primarily comprises research scientists interested in this rapidly evolving and highly interdisciplinary field, but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students interested in large networks.

Space in economics. --- Spatial systems. --- Systems, Spatial --- Spatial economics --- Geography. --- Transportation. --- Urban geography. --- System theory. --- Graph theory. --- Civil engineering. --- Urban Geography / Urbanism (inc. megacities, cities, towns). --- Complex Systems. --- Graph Theory. --- Civil Engineering. --- System analysis --- Economics --- Regional economics --- Engineering --- Public works --- Public transportation --- Transport --- Transportation --- Transportation, Primitive --- Transportation companies --- Transportation industry --- Locomotion --- Commerce --- Communication and traffic --- Storage and moving trade --- Graph theory --- Graphs, Theory of --- Theory of graphs --- Combinatorial analysis --- Topology --- Systems, Theory of --- Systems science --- Science --- Geography --- Economic aspects --- Extremal problems --- Philosophy

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Over the last few decades, biopharmaceuticals have transformed many areas of healthcare and have given hope and extended the lives of many patients. Curative treatments, however, remain elusive in most cases. This book describes strategies to develop improved versions of biopharmaceuticals (“biobetters”) to bridge the gap between existing therapies and curative therapies. With an aim to stimulate research and development in a wide array of therapeutic areas, diverse topics are covered, including the following: tissue specific targeting of enzyme replacement therapies; the development of novel protein structures with the potential to improve upon critical attributes of current monoclonal antibodies; the modification of current monoclonal antibody designs to improve their in vivo stability; and finally, the economic and regulatory considerations for the development of biobetters.

Biomedicine. --- Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology. --- Biomedicine general. --- Medicine. --- Pharmaceutical technology. --- Médecine --- Techniques pharmaceutiques --- Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Protein engineering. --- Proteins --- Protein drugs. --- Biotechnology. --- Engineering, Protein --- Protein design --- Protein pharmaceuticals --- Design --- Biochemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Drugs --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Pharmaceutical laboratory techniques --- Pharmaceutical laboratory technology --- Technology, Pharmaceutical --- Technology --- Health Workforce --- Biomedicine, general.

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Cet ouvrage est le fruit d'une réflexion commune lancée par ses deux directeurs qui, au fil de leurs travaux de leurs discussions et de leurs entretiens, ont à de nombreuses reprises eu envie d'établir des ponts et des passerelles entre la société féodale chère à l'un et le monde carolingien qui retenait l'attention de l'autre. À de nombreuses reprises, ils se sont retrouvés sur des interrogations communes qui touchaient aux aspects les plus pragmatiques de ces mondes, où les enjeux de pouvoir, le contrôle de la terre et de la société, la transmission de son rang et de son importance continuaient à puiser leur origine et leurs méthodes dans un passé magnifié. Aussi leur a-t-il paru utile d'associer à leur démarche d'autres chercheurs des universités de l'Ouest pour tenter une synthèse au niveau des pouvoirs locaux, car c'est à ce niveau d'encadrement, où les soucis d'une mutation politique due à l'effacement des souverains carolingiens est le moins sensible, qu'on est le mieux à même de percevoir les continuités, les mutations graduelles, les nouvelles stratégies visant à permettre à ceux qui se veulent quelqu'un de tenir le rang auquel ils prétendent. Volontairement chaque auteur s'est circonscrit dans une espace étroit pour permettre d'établir des comparaisons et saisir ainsi les principes communs comme les diversités qui président à l'action des pouvoirs locaux dans la France du centre et de l'ouest du VIIIe au XIe siècle.

Local government --- History. --- Féodalite --- Política e governo (história) --- Idade média. --- Feudalismus. --- Politisches System. --- Regionalverwaltung. --- To 1328 --- Le Mans <2003> --- To 1328. --- Le Mans <2003>. --- Féodalite --- 8th-11th centuries --- Administration locale --- Local government. --- Politics and government. --- Histoire. --- France --- France. --- Frankreich. --- Politics and government --- Politique et gouvernement --- Power (Social sciences) --- Feudalism --- Carolingians --- Pouvoir (Sciences sociales) --- Carolingiens --- History --- Congresses --- Histoire --- Congrès --- Mediaeval history --- Institutions --- Congresses. --- Local government - France - History. --- Political Science --- administration locale --- pouvoir politique --- féodalité --- Empire carolingien --- civilisation

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Classics --- Literature --- littérature grecque --- analyse littéraire --- théâtre grec --- comédie grecque