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The articles in this volume are inspired by the Minimalist Program first outlined in Chomsky's MIT Fall term class lectures of 1991 and in his seminal paper "A Minimalist Program for Linguistic Theory". The articles seek to develop further some key idea in the Minimalist Program, sometimes in ways deviating from the course taken by Chomsky.The articles are preceded by a 40 page introduction into the minimalist framework. The introduction pays special attention to the question how the minimalist framework developed out of the Principles and Parameters (Government and Binding) framework. T

Grammar --- Minimalisme (Linguistique) --- 801.56 --- 801.56 Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Minimalist theory (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Generative grammar. --- Grammar, Generative --- Grammar, Transformational --- Grammar, Transformational generative --- Transformational generative grammar --- Transformational grammar --- Psycholinguistics --- Language and languages --- Syntax --- Generative grammar --- Syntax. --- Derivation --- Grammaire générative --- Syntaxe --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative and general - Syntax --- Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax

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Modality is the way a speaker modifies her declaratives and other speech acts to optimally assess the common ground of knowledge and belief of the addressee with the aim to optimally achieve understanding and an assessment of relevant information exchange. In languages such as German (and other Germanic languages outside of English), this may happen in covert terms. Main categories used for this purpose are modal adverbials ("modal particles") and modal verbs. Epistemic uses of modal verbs (like German sollen) cover evidential (reportative) information simultaneously providing the source of the information. Methodologically, description and explanation rest on Karl Bühler's concept of Origo as well as Roman Jakobson's concept of shifter. Typologically, East Asian languages such as Japanese pursue these semasiological fundaments far more closely than the European languages. In particular, Japanese has to mark the source of a statement in the declarative mode such that the reliability may be assessed by the hearer. The contributions in this collection provide insight into these modal techniques.

Modality (Linguistics) --- Cognitive grammar. --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Language and languages --- Typology (Linguistics) --- Aspect. --- Mood. --- Tense. --- Philosophy. --- Psycholinguistics --- Grammar --- 801.56 --- 801.56 Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Modalité (Linguistique) --- Grammaire cognitive --- Aspect (Linguistique) --- Modes (Linguistique) --- Temps (Linguistique) --- Langage et langues --- Typologie (Linguistique) --- Philosophie --- Linguistic typology --- Tense (Grammar) --- Mode (Grammar) --- Mood (Grammar) --- Aspect (Linguistics) --- Cognitive linguistics --- Typology --- Verbal aspect --- Cognitive grammar --- Linguistics --- Linguistic universals --- Aspect --- Mood --- Tense --- Philosophy --- Temporal constructions --- Verb --- Classification --- Philology --- Modality. --- Semantics. --- Syntax. --- Typology.

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Grammar, Comparative and general --- Typology (Linguistics) --- Passive voice. --- Grammar --- Typology (Linguistics). --- Grammar [Comparative and general ] --- Passive voice --- Language and languages --- Linguistic typology --- Linguistics --- Linguistic universals --- Philology --- Typology --- Classification

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Modality is one of the grammatical categories in Igbo language studies that received the least attention within the last century. There is, however, a growing awareness that the category of modality is expressed in the language through specific verbs and suffixes that have recently been (re-)categorised as modal verbs and modal suffixes, respectively (Uchechukwu 2008, 2011). This paper explores further the issue of modality in Igbo by focusing on the constructions and lexical items that could be involved in the implicit expression of modality in the language. The different types of construction

Modality (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Cognitive grammar. --- Typology (Linguistics) --- Linguistic universals. --- Language and languages --- Universals (Linguistics) --- Linguistics --- Linguistic typology --- Linguistic universals --- Cognitive linguistics --- Psycholinguistics --- Tense (Grammar) --- Mode (Grammar) --- Mood (Grammar) --- Mood. --- Tense. --- Universals --- Typology --- Classification --- Temporal constructions --- Verb --- Philology

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This work demonstrates that what is commonly called 'preterite decay in Upper German' (PS; cf. German Präteritumschwund) is in fact a phenomenon common to a great number of European languages, all of which are in areal con-tact. However, the conclusion that this is a phenomenon arising under areal influence appears clearly mistaken - not only so because it would no more than postpone the search for the real trigger of this development. It will be shown, first, that the preterite loss in the languages under inspection comes in different states of completion. It will be seen that the loss of the preterite, under this perspective, German is by no means a completed process. Second, and what is more, it will be argued that the trigger for this decay of the synthetic preterite and its replacement by analytic preterite forms is the specific criteria under which oral (as opposed to written) communication is executed. Counter to the rich, existing literature on the topic, a number of parsing principles will be claimed to be responsible for this diachronic development yielding different results due to a different execution of these principles.

Discourse analysis. --- German language --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Linguistic change. --- Parsing. --- Tense. --- Discourse analysis --- Linguistic change --- Change, Linguistic --- Language change --- Historical linguistics --- Language and languages --- Tense (Grammar) --- Discourse grammar --- Text grammar --- Semantics --- Semiotics --- Parsing (Grammar) --- Parsing --- Tense --- Temporal constructions --- Syntax --- Linguistics --- Philology