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Witchcraft --- Women physicians --- Sorcellerie --- Femmes médecins --- History --- Histoire --- Artsen --- Vrouwen --- Geschiedenis der geneeskunde --- Médecins --- Femmes --- Histoire de la médecine --- Biographies --- History of medicine --- France --- General --- Biographies. --- France. --- General. --- Femmes médecins --- Medical History --- Female Doctors --- Gynaecology. Obstetrics --- Sociology of occupations --- Human medicine --- Gynaecology --- International --- Medical sciences --- Doctors --- Obstetrics --- Book

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"From the 'gay gene' to the 'female brain' and African American students' insufficient 'hereditary background' for higher education, arguments about a biological basis for human difference have reemerged in the twenty-first century. Measuring Manhood shows where they got their start. Melissa N. Stein analyzes how race became the purview of science in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century America and how it was constructed as a biological phenomenon with far-reaching social, cultural, and political resonances. She tells of scientific 'experts' who advised the nation on its most pressing issues and exposes their use of gender and sex differences to conceptualize or buttress their claims about racial difference. Stein examines the works of scientists and scholars from medicine, biology, ethnology, and other fields to trace how their conclusions about human difference did no less than to legitimize sociopolitical hierarchy in the United States. Covering a wide range of historical actors from Samuel Morton, the infamous collector and measurer of skulls in the 1830s, to NAACP leader and antilynching activist Walter White in the 1930s, this book reveals the role of gender, sex, and sexuality in the scientific making--and unmaking--of race"--

Sociology of minorities --- anno 1800-1899 --- anno 1900-1999 --- United States --- Scientific racism --- Racism --- Masculinity --- Sexism --- Individual differences --- Science --- Sociobiology --- Individuality --- Social Conditions --- History, 19th Century --- History, 20th Century --- Psychology --- Conformity --- Identity (Psychology) --- Likes and dislikes --- Personality --- Self --- Biologism --- Human biology --- Human evolution --- Psychology, Comparative --- Social evolution --- Sex bias --- Attitude (Psychology) --- Prejudices --- Sex (Psychology) --- Social perception --- Sex role --- Masculinity (Psychology) --- Men --- Race science --- Racial science --- Pseudoscience --- 20th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 20th Cent. History of Medicine --- 20th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 20th Century --- History of Medicine, 20th Cent. --- History, Twentieth Century --- Medical History, 20th Cent. --- Medicine, 20th Cent. --- 20th Century History --- 20th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 20th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 20th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 20th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 20th --- Century Histories, Twentieth --- Century History, 20th --- Century History, Twentieth --- Histories, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 20th Century --- Histories, Twentieth Century --- History, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Twentieth Century Histories --- Twentieth Century History --- 19th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 19th Cent. History of Medicine --- 19th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 19th Century --- History of Medicine, 19th Cent. --- History, Nineteenth Century --- Medical History, 19th Cent. --- Medicine, 19th Cent. --- 19th Century History --- 19th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 19th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 19th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 19th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 19th --- Century Histories, Nineteenth --- Century History, 19th --- Century History, Nineteenth --- Histories, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 19th Century --- Histories, Nineteenth Century --- History, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Nineteenth Century Histories --- Nineteenth Century History --- Individual Differences --- Difference, Individual --- Differences, Individual --- Individual Difference --- History --- Social aspects --- Political aspects --- history --- Race relations --- History. --- Social conditions --- Natural science --- Natural sciences --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Difference (Psychology) --- United States of America --- Gender --- Sexuality --- Biology --- Book