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Guerres et confrontations sont omniprésentes dès les plus anciennes civilisations historiques : Mésopotamie, Égypte, Proche-Orient, monde égéen. En revanche, la Préhistoire a longtemps été imaginée comme un âge d'or : le paradis originel. Mais, aujourd'hui, l'archéologie nous fait douter de cette quiétude primordiale. En balayant le champ des découvertes, les auteurs dressent en effet un tableau saisissant des actes de violence attestés depuis le temps des chasseurs-cueilleurs jusqu'à celui des paysans du Néolithique : sujets blessés, exécutions, supplices, massacres, sacrifices. Dès le 3e millénaire, on voit s'amplifier en Occident, à travers la statuaire, une idéologie du guerrier. À l'Âge du bronze, la production d'armes toujours plus sophistiquées devient essentielle en Europe "barbare" tandis que cités et États orientaux font de la guerre une exaltation constante. Le héros, combattant idéal, impose alors son image farouche. Décidément, pour la violence - comme pour l'art -, l'homme préhistorique n'a rien à nous envier...

Prehistoric peoples --- Violence --- War --- Homme préhistorique --- Guerre --- History --- Histoire --- Warfare, Prehistoric --- Warfare, Prehistoric. --- Homme préhistorique --- Hominidés fossiles --- Guerre primitive. --- Guerre préhistorique. --- Moeurs et coutumes --- Histoire. --- Anthropologie.

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Armes préhistoriques --- Arms and armor [Prehistoric ] --- Fortification [Prehistoric ] --- Fortifications prehistoriques --- Hill-forts --- Oorlogvoering [Prehistorische ] --- Prehistoric fortification --- Prehistoric warfare --- Prehistoric weapons --- Prehistorische oorlogvoering --- Prehistorische wapens --- Tactique de guerre préhistorique --- Versterkingen [Prehistorische ] --- Wapens [Prehistorische ] --- Warfare [Prehistoric ] --- Weapons [Prehistoric ] --- War and civilization --- Guerre et civilisation --- Fortification, Prehistoric --- Warfare, Prehistoric --- Weapons, Prehistoric --- Arms and armor, Prehistoric --- Prehistoric peoples --- Warfare --- Tools, Prehistoric --- Archaeology

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"Preparations, organization, weapons, strategies, rituals, and mortuary treatments associated with warfare among contemporary Jivaro and Yanomamo, and among contact-period Colombian and Panamanian chiefdoms, provide criteria for differentiating tribal and chiefdom levels; these are evaluated using archaeological data from various regions and periods"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57.

Indians of South America --- Chiefdoms --- Shuar Indians --- Yanomamo Indians --- Warfare --- South America --- Antiquities --- -Chiefdoms --- -Shuar Indians --- -Yanomamo Indians --- -Shamatari Indians --- Shamathari Indians --- Yanoama Indians --- Yanomama Indians --- Yanomami Indians --- Yanonami Indians --- Chiwara Indians --- Givaro Indians --- Jibaro Indians --- Jivaro Indians --- Shuar Jivaro Indians --- Shuara Indians --- Shuor Indians --- Xivaro Indians --- Jivaran Indians --- Chieftaincies --- Chieftainships --- Political anthropology --- American aborigines --- American Indians --- Indigenous peoples --- Ethnology --- Antiquities. --- -Warfare --- Shamatari Indians --- Guerre --- Indiens d'Amérique --- Jivaro (Indiens) --- Yanomami (Indiens) --- Wars --- Aspect social --- Guerres. --- Indians of South America - Warfare --- Chiefdoms - South America --- Shuar Indians - Warfare --- Yanomamo Indians - Warfare --- South America - Antiquities --- Indiens d'Amérique

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Thirteenth century A.D. was a time of many changes and reorganization in the ancient Pueblo world in the Mesa Verde region. Still unresolved are the causes of the migration of Pueblo people from the Mesa Verde region to the south and southeast in the end of the century. The theories most cited and most supported by scientific data include environmental changes, increasing conflict and violence, social changes, and the attraction of a new cult or ideologies from the south. However, it seems that none of these theories can fully explain the total depopulation of the region. One reason often cited for the depopulation of the area is increasing conflict and violence. Evidence of conflict is clearly visible archaeologically: sites located in places difficult to access; defensive buildings, and settlement layouts; human remains with evidence of a violent death; and rock art depicting violent interactions. During the thirteenth century A.D. many types of defensive architecture including towers, underground tunnels connecting structures in a settlement, loopholes, and massive stone walls that partly or fully enclosed villages were constructed in the central Mesa Verde region. These architectural changes were associated with population aggregation and relocation; during the thirteenth century, most people probably lived in large settlements situated such that they were difficult to access and easy to defend. In many villages, water sources were secured within the boundary of the settlement or were at least nearby. However, it is difficult to determine whether the defensive architecture and defensible locations were not enough of an obstacle against possible attackers as Pueblo Indians emigrated from the Mesa Verde region near the end of the thirteenth century A.D. into what are now northern and central Arizona and New Mexico.

Pueblo architecture --- Fortification --- Architecture and society --- Architecture --- Architecture and sociology --- Society and architecture --- Sociology and architecture --- Fortification, Primitive --- Forts --- Military engineering --- Siege warfare --- Architecture, Pueblo --- Pueblo Indians --- Social aspects --- Human factors --- Mesa Verde National Park (Colo.) --- Antiquities.

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Excavations (Archaeology) --- Fortification --- Ras (Extinct city) --- Serbia --- Antiquities. --- Ras (Extinct city). --- Fortification, Primitive --- Forts --- Military engineering --- Siege warfare --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Archaeology --- Ras (City) --- Antiquities --- Excavations (Archaeology) - Serbia - Ras (Extinct city) --- Fortification - Serbia - Ras (Extinct city)