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The performance-based design of structures in fire is gaining growing interest as a rational alternative to the traditionally adopted prescriptive code approach. This interest has led to its introduction in different codes and standards around the world. Although engineers widely use performance-based methods to design structural components in earthquake engineering, the adoption of such methods in fire engineering is still very limited. This Special Issue addresses this shortcoming by providing engineers with the needed knowledge and recent research activities addressing performance-based design in structural fire engineering, including the use of hotspot analysis to estimate the magnitude of risk to people and property in urban areas; simulations of the evacuation of large crowds; and the identification of fire effects on concrete, steel, and special structures.

fire incidence --- hotspot analysis --- KDE --- Getis-Ord Gi* --- IDW interpolation --- fire risk zones --- built-up areas --- temporal analysis --- sustainable development --- fire --- earthquake --- finite element analysis --- Abaqus --- multi hazard analysis --- Scoria aggregate concrete --- PP fiber --- high temperature --- stress-strain curve --- prefabricated cabin-type substation --- panel --- BP neural network --- thermal–mechanical coupling --- machine learning --- fire behavior --- impact of fires --- repeated impact --- ACI 544-2R --- high temperatures --- ECC --- impact ductility --- oil and gas facility --- offshore platform --- tanker --- steel structure --- bulkhead --- deck --- hydrocarbon fire mode --- fire-resistance limit --- fire protection --- design --- stadiums and arenas --- evacuation time --- safety --- Colosseum --- organizing evacuation --- computer simulation --- City University --- fire temperature --- opening factor --- compartment area --- thermal analysis --- natural fire --- concrete strength --- exposure duration --- maximum temperature --- heating rate --- cooling rate --- reinforced concrete --- columns --- standard fire --- cooling phase --- axial capacity --- temperature-stress history

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This reprint provides an international forum for the presentation and discussion of the latest developments in structural-steel research and its applications. The topics of this reprint include the modelling, testing and practice of steel structures and steel-based composite structures. A total of 17 high-quality, original papers dealing with all aspects of steel-structures research, including modelling, testing, and construction research on material properties, components, assemblages, connection, and structural behaviors, are included for publication.

shear dampers --- steel tube dampers --- low cycle cyclic load --- mechanical properties --- energy dissipation capacity --- data analysis --- artificial neural network (ANN) --- chemical composition of welds --- data augmentation technique --- bolted ball-cylinder joints --- FE analysis --- elevated temperature --- parametric study --- design methods --- steel plate wall --- diagonal stiffener --- torsional stiffness --- elastic buckling --- threshold stiffness --- digital twin --- Dijkstra algorithm --- prestressed steel structure --- material allocation --- intelligent planning --- construction management --- random forest --- influencing factors --- intelligent analysis --- offshore structure --- falling object collision --- similarity law --- scaled test --- finite element analysis --- fracture performance --- SBHS500 --- SM570 --- SM490 --- high strength steel --- notch --- reliability analysis --- ship local structure --- probabilistic simulation --- Kriging model --- Bayesian data fusion --- L-shaped column --- recycled aggregate concrete --- concrete-filled steel tube --- eccentric compression --- finite element model --- suspender --- steel arch bridge --- fatigue life --- overloaded rate --- finite element --- corrugated steel plate shear wall --- damage state --- repair state --- fragility function --- probabilistic assessment --- partially connected steel plate shear wall --- shear strength --- connectivity ratio --- finite element method --- design formula --- pipe-in-pipe system --- global buckling --- the sleeper-distributed buoyancy method --- active control --- pipeline design --- orthotropic steel deck --- crack propagation --- fatigue performance --- arch structure --- stability behavior --- spatial grid arch structure --- stability analysis --- initial imperfections --- nonlinear factors --- ultimate load-carrying capacity --- structural steel --- elevated temperatures --- cooling-down method --- cyclic performance --- skeleton curve --- n/a --- ductile crack --- high-strength steel --- low-stress triaxiality --- modified N-VG model

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The Special Issue “Non-Destructive Testing of Structures” has been proposed to present the recent developments in the field of the diagnostics of structural materials and components in civil and mechanical engineering. The papers highlighted in this editorial concern various aspects of non-invasive diagnostics, including such topics as the condition assessments of civil and mechanical structures and the connections of structural elements, the inspection of cultural heritage monuments, the testing of structural materials, structural health monitoring systems, the integration of non-destructive testing methods, advanced signal processing for the non-destructive testing of structures (NDT), damage detection and damage imaging, as well as modeling and numerical analyses for supporting structural health monitoring (SHM) systems.

capillary-based structural health monitoring --- fatigue crack growth --- fatigue crack initiation --- XFEM --- straight lug --- cast-in-place concrete --- temperature --- boundary conditions --- on-line monitoring --- numerical simulations --- strength --- extradosed bridge --- SHM system --- delamination --- width-to-depth ratio (WTDR) --- concrete bridge deck --- handheld IR camera (H-IRC) --- UAV IR camera (UAV-IRC) --- passive IRT --- non-destructive technique --- concrete structure --- non-destructive evaluation --- crack effect --- metal magnetic memory --- magnetic intensity gradient --- stress --- non-destructive testing --- ultrasonic tomography --- graph theory --- concrete --- damage mechanics --- elastic degradation --- damage parameter --- internal length --- experimental research --- methodology --- floors --- cement-based materials --- casting --- forming --- non-destructive and semi-destructive tests --- laser scanning --- photogrammetry --- tachymetry --- bridge deflection --- non-contact measurement --- wave propagation --- damage detection --- numerical modelling --- hardness --- Barkhausen noise --- number of events --- non-destructive testing inverse problem --- adhesive joint --- concrete beam --- guided waves --- debonding --- damage imaging --- root mean square --- cracking pattern --- cracks --- cement composites --- image analysis --- historical floor --- integrated diagnostics --- ground penetrating radar --- ultrasonic testing --- in situ surveys --- finite-difference time-domain modeling --- masonry structures --- autoclaved aerated concrete masonry units (AAC) --- compressive strength --- minor-destructive (MDT) techniques --- non-destructive techniques (NDT) --- acoustoelastic effect (AE) --- quasi-brittle cement composites --- acoustic emission --- acoustic spectrum --- micro events --- acoustic nondestructive methods --- large format tiles --- real-life application --- mechanical load --- failure --- vibration signal analysis --- nondestructive testing --- Kalman filtering --- parameter identification --- magnetic Barkhausen noise --- magnetic anisotropy --- grain oriented steel --- time-frequency representation --- signal processing --- data mining methods --- digital image correlation --- region-based convolutional neural network --- machine learning --- crack monitoring --- crack detection and localization --- elastic waves --- neural networks --- force prediction --- flange connection --- static test --- soil-steel bridge --- terrestrial laser scanning --- finite element method (FEM) --- modelling and simulations --- material parameters identification --- vibration measurements --- testing --- operational modal analysis --- lighthouse --- historic tower --- steel structures --- stressed-skin effect --- diaphragm design --- trapezoidal sheeting --- condition assessment of steel structure --- structural health monitoring --- civil engineering structures --- mechanical structures --- damage detection and visualization --- modeling and simulations