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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic infection can determine liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as several extra-hepatic manifestations (i.e., mixed cryoglobulinemia, metabolic syndrome, kidney disease, etc.). HCV infection is asymptomatic until severe stages of disease, thus screening policy in the general population and in specific risk categories is necessary to allow for timely intervention. Despite a high sustained virological response by direct-acting antiviral drugs, a limited percentage of treated subject failed therapy according to resistance associated substitution carried on viral isolates and comorbidities in infected patients. Therefore, tailored therapy is required to cure HCV infection. Failure to comply with these conditions may impair success of HCV eradication expected by 2030. This Special Issue aims to discuss eradication perspectives related to therapy efficacy in patients with chronic diseases, developments in diagnostic procedures and improvements in screening policy.
HCV --- rheumatic --- interferon --- mortality --- hepatitis C virus (HCV) --- phylogeny --- resistance-associated substitution (RAS) --- chronic hepatitis C --- vibration controlled transient elastography --- fibrosis --- steatosis --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- hepatitis C --- genotype 3 --- liver cirrhosis --- pangenotypic --- children --- ledipasvir/sofosbuvir --- real-life --- sustained virological response --- elimination --- model --- COVID-19 --- PWID --- homeless persons --- HCV eradication --- direct-acting antivirals --- out-of-hospital --- retention in care --- n/a
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Cardiology and cardiovascular sciences are two rapidly growing areas in medicine, with heart diseases being the number one cause of death worldwide. The last four decades have witnessed many developments in various cardiological sciences, including coronary artery disease, valve disease, heart failure, congenital heart diseases, and cardiovascular imaging, with a number of newly developed concepts, such as cardio-oncology, cardio-renal diseases, and preventive cardiology. This Special Issue (SI) of the Journal of Clinical Medicine, entitled “JCM-Advances in Cardiology”, focuses on recent advances in the cardiological sciences. It published 8 research articles of significant clinical and scientific value.
ST segment elevation myocardial infarction --- COVID-19 --- primary percutaneous intervention --- Coptic clergy --- mortality --- cardiovascular risk factors --- prevalence --- major adverse events --- obesity --- ACE2 --- renin–angiotensin system --- extraction --- reimplantation --- pacing --- ICD --- CRT --- dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) --- LMNA --- lamin A --- lamin C --- next generation sequencing (NGS) --- myocarditis --- arrhythmias --- telemonitoring --- implantable cardioverter defibrillator --- implantable loop recorder --- Holter ECG --- metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) --- hepatic steatosis --- SteatoTest --- adipokines --- adiponectin --- visfatin --- cardiovascular disease --- n/a --- renin-angiotensin system
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Microalgae and seaweeds are a renewable source of potent bioactive ingredients with confirmed positive impacts on health and wellness. The interest in—and awareness of—the need to improve quality of life and well-being has led to a greater consumption of nutraceuticals, as well as the use of cosmeceuticals for “well-aging”. In this context, algae and microalgae are currently gaining immense popularity within the functional food, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical industries. Recent advances in the characterization and evaluation of the biological properties of the whole material, fractions, or isolated compounds of algae and microalgae enable their use as ingredients for the development of novel nutraceutical and cosmeceutical products.
polysaccharides --- health benefits --- health risks --- biomedical --- polymer seasonal variation --- red seaweeds --- agarose --- agarotriose --- 3,6-anhydro-l-galactose --- prebiotics --- anti-colon cancer activity --- α-neoagarooligosaccharide hydrolase --- exo-acting 3,6-anhydro-α-(1,3)-L-galactosidase --- BpGH117 --- 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose --- human gut bacterium --- Bacteroides plebeius --- marine ingredients --- algae --- sensitive skin --- cosmetics --- seaweed --- protein --- extraction --- bioactive peptides --- industrial application --- marine macroalgae --- ingredients --- additives --- bioactives --- nutricosmetics --- Caulerpa racemosa --- Ulva lactuca --- nutritional --- potential --- SWE --- peloids --- microalgae --- cyanobacteria --- dermocosmetics --- mineral water --- seawater --- anti-obesity --- anti-inflammation --- anti-steatosis --- molecular networking
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Brown algae comprise approx. 2040 species grown in various climatic conditions. They represent a reservoir of various bioactive compounds, including fucoidan, alginate, phlorotannins, and fucoxanthins. They have shown an array of applications in pharmaceutical and medical fields. Hence, the Guest Editor invites all interested authors to submit their contributions to the current issue in Marine Drugs entitled “Bioactive Compounds from Brown Algae”. It aims to highlight different aspects of bioactive compounds found in brown algae, in either research or review articles. Specifically, we are interested in downstream processes, chemistry, biotechnology, and applications of, for example, heteropolysaccharides and other brown algae bioactives. In addition, the structure elucidation and enzymatic modification of these components are also within the scope of the present Issue.
hepatic steatosis --- lipogenesis --- seaweed --- polyphenol --- fucoidans --- fucoidanases --- glycosidic linkages --- molecular masses --- NMR --- structure–activity relationships --- fucoidan --- cancer --- VEGF --- gene expression --- toxicity --- Dictyosiphon foeniculaceus --- retinal pigment epithelium --- glioblastoma --- astrocytes --- uveal melanoma --- 7-phloro-eckol --- HepG2/CYP2E1 cells --- oxidative stress --- apoptosis --- anti-lung cancer --- brown algae --- human lung carcinoma A-549 cells --- oversulfation --- Sargassum aquifolium --- phlorotannins --- antifungal --- larvicidal --- brown seaweeds --- biological activities --- anti-inflammatory --- antioxidant --- coastal area --- crude lipid extract --- Sargassum ilicifolium --- gut microbiota --- bioaccessibility --- short-chain fatty acids --- prebiotics --- gastrointestinal tract --- noise --- hearing loss --- dieckol --- PFF-A --- alginate --- laminarin --- bioactivity
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Dual specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) constitute a heterogeneous group of protein tyrosine phosphatases with the ability to dephosphorylate Ser/Thr and Tyr residues from proteins, as well as from other non-proteinaceous substrates including signaling lipids. DUSPs include, among others, MAP kinase (MAPK) phosphatases (MKPs) and small-size atypical DUSPs. MKPs are enzymes specialized in regulating the activity and subcellular location of MAPKs, whereas the function of small-size atypical DUSPs seems to be more diverse. DUSPs have emerged as key players in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, stress response, and apoptosis. DUSPs regulate essential physiological processes, including immunity, neurobiology and metabolic homeostasis, and have been implicated in tumorigenesis, pathological inflammation and metabolic disorders. Accordingly, alterations in the expression or function of MKPs and small-size atypical DUSPs have consequences essential to human disease, making these enzymes potential biological markers and therapeutic targets. This Special Issue covers recent advances in the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of MKPs and small-size atypical DUSPs, and their relevance in human disease.
hematopoietic cells --- DEPArray --- n/a --- neuroblastoma --- liver steatosis --- MAPK phosphatase --- DUSP-4 --- granule neurons --- neuronal differentiation --- DUSP10 --- cytokines --- MAPKs --- single cell analysis --- macrophage --- asthma --- E. coli infection --- MAPK --- Cpp1 --- nucleotide receptors --- atypical DUSP --- RSV --- Pmp1 --- cannabinoids --- astrocytes --- sepsis --- influenza --- signaling --- triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) --- differentiation --- HDAC6 (histone deacetylase isoform 6) --- atypical dual-specificity phosphatases --- microtubules --- respiratory viruses --- MK-STYX (MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) phosphoserine/threonine/tyrosine-binding protein) --- dual-specificity phosphatase --- Msg5 --- TLR signaling --- mitogen-activated protein kinase --- fungal MKPs --- macrophages --- MAP Kinase Phosphatase-2 --- inflammation --- Sdp1 --- circulating tumor cells (CTCs) --- MAP kinases --- MAP kinase phosphatases --- P2X7 --- proliferation --- BDNF --- P2Y13 --- T cell --- hypertriglyceridemia --- integrated omics analysis --- post-translational modification --- rhinovirus --- protein stability --- ubiquitination --- dual-specificity phosphatases --- Mkp-1 --- cancer --- brain metastasis --- HER2 --- COPD --- pseudophosphatase
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Dyslipidemia, and particularly hypercholesterolemia, remains a main cardiovascular disease risk factor, partly reversible with the improvement of life-style, including dietary, habits. Even when a pharmacological treatment is begun, dietary support to lipid-lowering is always desired. This book will provide a selection of new evidence on the possible lipid-lowering effects of some dietary and medicinal plant components, reporting some interesting reviews, experimental data and results from clinical trials. The book is adapted for experts in nutrition but also for all scientists involved in cardiovascular disease prevention.
beta-glucan --- fiber --- lipid profile --- cholesterol --- intestinal function --- green tea --- epigallocatechin gallate --- chitosan --- microspheres --- Eudragit --- metabolic diseases --- LCD score --- CHNS --- dyslipidemia --- dietary factor --- plant based --- animal based --- Chinese adults --- nutraceuticals --- PCSK9 --- SREBP --- HNF1α --- berberine --- metabolic syndrome --- plant extracts --- natural antioxidant --- polyphenols --- bergamot --- blackcurrant --- liver steatosis --- ovariectomized --- phytoestrogen --- vitamin B12 --- healthy --- Saudi Arabia --- serum cholesterol --- serum triglycerides --- serum low density lipoprotein --- serum high density lipoprotein --- dietary intake --- lifestyle --- black raspberry --- excessive choline --- TMAO --- hypercholesterolemia --- hepatic inflammation --- review --- CVD --- cardiovascular health --- dietary fats --- dietary fiber --- phytosterols --- plant-based diet --- dietary pattern --- sustainability --- propolis --- formononetin --- gastric ulcer --- rats --- Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat leaves --- obesity --- lipidomics --- liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry --- phospholipid --- sphingolipid --- monacolins --- LDL-cholesterol --- red yeast rice --- clinical trial --- endothelial function --- alpha-linolenic acid --- flaxseed --- lipids --- omega-3 --- walnuts --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- glibenclamide --- omega-3 fatty acids --- high fat diet --- transcription factors --- streptozotocin --- Armolipid Plus® --- nutraceutical --- supplementation --- blood pressure --- fasting plasma glucose --- n/a
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Women and men have probably never been concerned as much by their health as during this COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, lifestyle habits continue to be promoted as allies for daily prevention against diseases. This is valid also for metabolic diseases, among which many affect the liver and are risk factors for aggravating the disease course of COVID-19. In fact, liver diseases are currently a major global health problem. There is a huge range of liver diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic hepatic condition, which in some patients progresses to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Currently, substantial efforts are being made to better understand NAFLD, especially, because there is no U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pharmacological therapy. To explore this disease, metabolomics is the most recently developed omics technology after genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. Metabolomics is the large-scale analysis of molecules, known as metabolites that are intermediate or end products of metabolism found within cells, tissues, and biofluids. This technology has a very high potential to identify biomarker candidates for the future development of new therapeutics. The book features articles that address metabolomics technology and its use to document different liver functions and dysfunctions, with a major focus on NAFLD.
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease --- nonalcoholic steatohepatitis --- Fibrosis --- Liver biopsy --- Genomics --- Metabolomics --- Proteomics --- Transcriptomics --- nicotinamide --- NAFLD --- steatosis --- heat stress --- primary mouse hepatocytes --- metabolic profile --- GC-MS --- multivariate statistical analysis --- arachidonic acid --- docosahexaenoic acid --- inflammation --- fibrosis --- lipidomics --- mass spectrometry --- in vitro --- HepaRG --- sodium saccharin --- reference toxicants --- de novo lipogenesis --- carbohydrate response element-binding protein --- ChREBP --- diabetes --- glucose production --- glycogen --- glycolysis --- glycogen storage disease type I --- hexosamine --- pentose phosphate pathway --- acupuncture --- imflammation --- lipid metabolism --- oxidative stress --- metabolomics quantitative profiling --- 1H-NMR spectroscopy --- liver --- bile acids --- metabolomics --- rat plasma --- tandem mass spectrometry --- liquid chromatography --- acetaminophen --- hepatotoxicity --- biomarker --- premalignant --- alcoholic liver disease --- cholestasis --- cirrhosis --- NAFL --- NASH --- standard operating procedures --- urine --- blood --- feces --- tissue --- cells --- liver function --- nonalcoholic fatty liver --- liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry --- nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy --- metabolic pathway --- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease --- non-alcoholic steatohepatitis --- transcription factors --- metabolic stress --- lipid homeostasis --- glucose homeostasis
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We have entered a new era where some concepts of the complex community of microorganisms (microbiota comprising bacteria, fungi, viruses, bacteriophages and helminths) are being re-discovered and re-visited. Microbiota and human interaction is not new; they have shared a long history of co-existence. Nevertheless, the opportunities to understand the role of these microorganisms in human diseases and to design a potential treatment were limited. At present, thanks to development of innovative and cutting-edge molecular biological and microbiological technologies as well as clinical informatics and bioinformatics skills, microbiome application is moving into clinics. Approaches to therapy based on prebiotics, probiotics and lately on fecal microbiota transplantation has revolutionized medicine. Microbiota outnumbers our genes and is now regarded as another organ of the body. The gastrointestinal tract and gut microbiota display a well-documented symbiotic relationship. Disruption of intestinal microbiota homeostasis—called dysbiosis—has been associated with several diseases. Whether dysbiosis is a cause or consequence of disease initiation and progression still needs to be investigated in more depth. The aim of this book is to highlight recent advances in the field of microbiome research, which are now shaping medicine, and current approaches to microbiome-oriented therapy for gastrointestinal diseases. Dr. Rinaldo Pellicano Dr. Sharmila Fagoonee Guest Editors
Bacteroides ovatus --- Bifidobacterium adolescentis --- Dysbiosis --- Faecalibacterium prausnitzii --- Ruminococcus gnavus --- type 1 diabetes --- microbiota --- microbiome --- auto-immunity --- gut permeability --- gut --- IBS --- celiac disease --- enteropathy --- gluten --- therapy --- gut microbiota --- precision medicine --- Clostridium difficile --- inflammatory bowel disease --- ulcerative colitis --- irritable bowel disease --- metabolic syndrome --- gastric microbiota --- transient --- persistent --- culture --- sequencing --- Helicobacter pylori --- fecal microbiota transplantation --- feces donor --- fecal microbiota --- flow cytometry --- viability of bacteria --- next-generation sequencing --- culturing of fecal microbiota --- Alzheimer’s disease --- microbiota–gut–brain axis --- neurodegenerative disease --- intestinal flora --- necrotizing enterocolitis --- intestinal microbiology --- infant gut --- metabolomics --- IL-6 --- IL-8 --- IL-12p70 --- intestinal permeability --- zonulin --- gut virome --- steatosis --- cirrhosis --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- gastrointestinal --- technology --- high-throughput --- crohn’s disease --- mononuclear cells --- transient receptor potential channel --- pancreatic diseases --- acute pancreatitis --- chronic pancreatitis --- diabetes mellitus --- pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma --- pancreatic cystic neoplasms
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The postprandial period is the metabolic phase that directly follows the ingestion of a meal. This period is critical to the handling of nutrients to feed the body throughout the whole day but it is also a time of challenge for the body’s metabolism, which has to be flexible and adaptable regarding the quantity and the quality of the nutrient intake. Changes in postprandial metabolism have been considered to be potential early markers in the pathophysiological course, finally leading to an increased risk of disease development. This book aimed to broaden and add to the research on the importance of postprandial metabolism in nutrition. The book includes literature reviews that cover the broad state of the art of our knowledge about postprandial metabolism, fine original studies of the complex changes in metabolism, and the physiological processes that are considered to drive the onset of pathogenesis. Finally, a series of examples on how nutrient content (especially proteins, sucrose, and lipids) can influence the postprandial metabolism over a wide range of phenomena operating during the postprandial period and how they could contribute to tipping the body towards adverse health processes.
peripheral blood mononuclear cells --- postprandial metabolism --- high fat–high sugar diet --- minipig --- adipose tissue --- biomarkers --- glucose --- human --- night --- postprandial --- wheat albumin --- energy expenditure --- fat oxidation --- respiratory quotient --- sucrose overfeeding --- hepatic steatosis --- intramyocellular lipids --- intrahepatocellular lipids --- dietary protein content --- dietary fat content --- plasma triglyceride --- liver --- gut --- obesity --- amino acid --- lactate --- nutrient flux --- short chain fatty acid --- aging --- catabolic state --- anabolic resistance --- protein synthesis --- energy bolus --- postprandial lipemia --- coconut oil --- butter --- canola oil --- olive oil --- lipid --- triglycerides --- dietary fat --- saturated fat --- cardiovascular disease --- carbohydrates --- cholesterol --- fibers --- food structure --- lipids --- polyphenols --- proteins --- vitamins --- ADMA --- arginine --- SDMA --- DMA --- PRMT --- alpha-glucosidase inhibitor --- biopeptides --- blood glucose --- glycemic control --- hyperglycemia --- milk peptides --- prediabetes --- pre-meal --- type 2 diabetes --- metabolic syndrome --- endothelial function --- oxidative stress --- nuts --- berries --- LBP --- sCD14 --- postprandial kinetics --- high-fat diet
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Image analysis is a fundamental task for extracting information from images acquired across a range of different devices. Since reliable quantitative results are requested, image analysis requires highly sophisticated numerical and analytical methods—particularly for applications in medicine, security, and remote sensing, where the results of the processing may consist of vitally important data. The contributions to this book provide a good overview of the most important demands and solutions concerning this research area. In particular, the reader will find image analysis applied for feature extraction, encryption and decryption of data, color segmentation, and in the support new technologies. In all the contributions, entropy plays a pivotal role.
keyframes --- time-delay --- whale optimization algorithm --- multilevel thresholding --- multi-exposure image fusion --- additive manufacturing --- patch structure decomposition --- ultra-sound images --- 3D scanning --- Arimoto entropy --- contrast enhancement --- spatial filling factor --- depth maps --- image processing --- 3D prints --- differential evolution --- field of experts --- normalized divergence measure --- image privacy --- multiscale top-hat transform --- q-exponential --- texture information entropy --- diffusion --- hybrid algorithm --- Weibull statistics --- adaptive selection --- nonextensive entropy --- computer aided diagnostics --- fatty liver --- random forest --- DNA encoding --- low contrast --- entropy --- Minkowski island --- fuzzy entropy --- free-form deformations --- person re-identification --- chaotic system --- DNA computing --- pavement --- information entropy --- discrete entropy --- Tsallis statistics --- video skimming --- prime-indexed primes --- natural scene statistics (NSS) --- Hénon map --- q-sigmoid --- image entropy --- Shannon entropy --- macrotexture --- Shannon’s entropy --- binary image --- multi-feature fusion --- image analysis --- uncertainty assessment --- non-rigid registration --- hash layer --- Cantor set --- dynamic filtering --- deep neural network --- security analysis --- multiple-image encryption --- Hamming distance --- blind image quality assessment (BIQA) --- q-Gaussian --- remote sensing --- decay trend --- chaotic cryptography --- chaotic strategy --- cross-entropy loss --- random insertion --- metabolic syndrome --- sign languages --- generalized entropies --- relevance feedback --- image retrieval --- two-dimensional chaotic economic map --- cryptanalysis --- infrared images --- 3D Latin cube --- SHA-256 hash value --- gradient distributions --- structural entropy --- discrete cosine transform (DCT) --- chaotic map --- hepatic steatosis --- machine vision --- electromagnetic field optimization --- security --- image segmentation --- quantization loss --- colonoscopy --- video summarization --- permutation --- Kapur’s entropy --- surface quality assessment --- permutation-diffusion --- Ramanujan primes --- Rényi entropies --- chosen-plaintext attack --- image encryption --- dynamic index --- color image segmentation --- ultrasound --- Otsu method --- sigmoid --- reconstruction --- image information entropy --- 3-D digital imaging --- positron emission tomography --- medical imaging
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