Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Powder Metallurgy (PM) is a general term which represents all techniques to produce solid-metal-based products from powders. PM (sintered) components are used widely in the engineering practice, particularly in the automotive industry. When determining the load capacity of dynamically loaded machine parts and structures made of sintered materials, the fatigue behaviour of critical areas should be considered, including crack initiation and the crack propagation period.In this book, the theoretical background of both PM-technology for producing sintered parts and the fatigue phenomenon of dynamically loaded components are described in detail. In the application part, some aspects of the Fe- and Al-powder morphology and its influence on the basic characteristics of sintered products are analysed, before the fatigue behaviour of diffusion alloyed Cu-Ni-Mo sintered steel is presented, considering the additional heat treatment effects on the fatigue strength. Furthermore, the fatigue analysis of sintered gears is also investigated. In that respect, this book represents a significant contribution to the database of the fatigue phenomenon of sintered machine parts and structural components.

Mining engineering --- Technology & engineering --- Materials --- Sinter (Metallurgy)

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

uring the spring of 1960, an uncle showed me a ‘petrifying spring’ near Plaxtol in Kent Dwhere twigs had been encased in a calcareous jacket. A twig was collected and having - cently been given I. Evan’s Observer’s Book of Geology by my parents, I found a photograph of another petrifying spring and an explanation of its origin. In those days, Derbyshire was too far for a holiday destination, and I took little further interest until a research studentship with Professor G. E. Fogg became available in 1971. Tony Fogg had recently moved to the University College of North Wales, Bangor and the research was to be into cyanobacterium mats, with fieldwork along the Red Sea coast. The fieldwork never materialised but my interest in algal mats had been aroused. A chance stroll along the Bangor shore revealed beautifully calcified cya- bacterium mats, and Tony generously allowed me to investigate these instead. The old Plaxtol collection was retrieved and yielded abundant cyanobacteria. It became apparent that here was a wealth of information about a rock whose formation was so rapid, that the process could be studied in days rather than years – an exceptional state of affairs. A search of the literature also revealed that the rock, a form of travertine, had other unusual features.

Travertine. --- Limestone. --- Carbonate rocks --- Calcium carbonate --- Calcarous sinter --- Sinter --- Limestone --- Geology, economic. --- Geology. --- Materials. --- Sedimentology. --- Aquatic biology. --- Life sciences. --- Economic Geology. --- Materials Science, general. --- Freshwater & Marine Ecology. --- Life Sciences, general. --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Hydrobiology --- Water biology --- Aquatic sciences --- Biology --- Petrology --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Earth sciences --- Natural history --- Economic geology --- Physical geology --- Mines and mineral resources --- Materials --- Economic geology. --- Materials science. --- Aquatic ecology . --- Aquatic biology --- Ecology --- Material science --- Physical sciences

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The continuous miniaturization of products and the growing complexity of their embedded multifunctionalities necessitates continuous research and development efforts regarding micro components and related micro manufacturing technologies. Highly miniaturized systems, manufactured using a wide variety of materials, have found application in key technological fields, such as healthcare devices, micro implants, mobility, communications, optics, and micro electromechanical systems. Innovations required for the high-precision manufacturing of micro components can specifically be achieved through optimizations using post-process (i.e., offline) and in-process (i.e., online) metrology of both process input and output parameters, as well as geometrical features of the produced micro parts. However, it is of critical importance to reduce the metrology and optimization efforts, since process and product quality control can represent a significant portion of the total production time in micro manufacturing. To solve this fundamental challenge, research efforts have been undertaken in order to define, investigate, implement, and validate the so-called “product/process manufacturing fingerprint” concept. The “product manufacturing fingerprint” concept refers to those unique dimensional outcomes (e.g., surface topography, form error, critical dimensions, etc.) on the produced component that, if kept under control and within specifications, ensure that the entire micro component complies to its specifications. The “process manufacturing fingerprint” is a specific process parameter or feature to be monitored and controlled, in order to maintain the manufacture of products within the specified tolerances. By integrating both product and process manufacturing fingerprint concepts, the metrology and optimization efforts are highly reduced. Therefore, the quality of the micro products increases, with an obvious improvement in production yield. Accordingly, this Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers, short communications, and review articles that focus on novel methodological developments and applications in micro- and sub-micro-scale manufacturing, process monitoring and control, as well as micro and sub-micro product quality assurance. Focus will be on micro manufacturing process chains and their micro product/process fingerprint, towards full process optimization and zero-defect micro manufacturing.

n/a --- Fresnel lenses --- Electro sinter forging --- micro-injection moulding --- surface roughness --- charge relaxation time --- optimization --- gratings --- plasma-electrolytic polishing --- micro structures replication --- micro-grinding --- electrical discharge machining --- injection molding --- quality control --- commercial control hardware --- electrical current --- damping --- process monitoring --- fingerprints --- impact analysis --- current monitoring --- process control --- quality assurance --- surface integrity --- microfabrication --- microinjection moulding --- electro chemical machining --- superhydrophobic surface --- surface modification --- haptic actuator --- electrical discharge machining (EDM) --- surface morphology --- inline metrology --- optical quality control --- finishing --- flow length --- precision injection molding --- laser ablation --- micro metrology --- Halbach linear motor --- 2-step analysis --- computer holography --- PeP --- satellite drop --- process fingerprint --- materials characterisation --- current density --- micro drilling --- multi-spectral imaging --- lithography --- manufacturing signature --- artificial compound eye --- electrohydrodynamic jet printing --- ECM --- positioning platform --- diffractive optics --- bioceramics --- resistance sintering --- uncertainty budget --- product fingerprint --- confocal microscopy --- spectral splitting --- dental implant --- desirability function --- injection compression molding --- electrochemical machining (ECM) --- high strain rate effect --- process fingerprints

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Preface Several countries have recently realized that the present paradigm of development in environmental and energy fields is unsustainable. As global awareness of environmental issues grows, governments worldwide are promoting policies which aim to limit the harmful effects of human development on the environment. In particular, these novel policies seek to address the rapid increase of the global temperature (especially in the polar regions) as well as to manage human plastic waste accumulating in seas. To resolve these issues will require a number of actions to be implemented; unfortunately, the recent COP 24 Conference was unsuccessful in establishing a global agreement to achieve these actions. In order for the upcoming 2020 COP 26 Conference to be successful in creating such an agreement, the scientific community must support the policymakers’ efforts. Within this framework, it is necessary to show the efforts of countries worldwide as they try to negotiate an agreement to increase the energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In addition, the research reports generated can provide quantitative measures of the necessary actions to be implemented in order to address sustainable and efficient energy use. Among other topics, the papers presented in this issue investigate innovations in novel efficient and environmentally friendly technologies mainly based on renewable energy sources. The study also highlights the different sectors involved in this task, such as energy conversion systems, urban areas, mobility, sustainability, water management, social aspects, etc. In this field, the Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES) conference provides the foremost forum for discussion on these topics. The 13th Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems Conference was held in Palermo, Italy in 2018. This Special Issue of Energies, precisely dedicated to 13th SDEWES Conference, features papers in three main topics: Energy policy and energy efficiency in urban areas, energy efficiency in industry, biomass and other miscellaneous energy systems.

sewage sludge --- torrefaction --- steam gasification --- tars --- water recycling --- wastewater treatment --- environmental and energy performance --- life cycle assessment (LCA) --- crude oil refining --- high-efficiency cogeneration --- primary energy saving --- electricity from cogeneration --- paper industry --- GateCycle --- CO2 emissions avoided --- sinter --- porous media --- local thermal non-equilibrium --- exergy destruction minimization --- BP neural network --- genetic algorithm --- urban simulation --- photovoltaics --- heat pump --- co-generation --- heat demand analysis --- low-temperature district heating --- district cooling --- energy storage --- linear programming --- tropical climate --- integrated energy modelling --- energy system optimization --- temporal resolution --- energy planning --- variable renewable energy sources --- Discrete Element Model --- gas–solid flow --- heat transfer enhancement --- entransy dissipation --- numerical simulation --- optimization --- control strategy --- peak-shaving --- mCHP --- Stirling engine --- renewable energy --- energy consumption profile --- heavy truck traffic --- road transport --- liquefied natural gas (LNG) --- alternative fuels --- hydrogen --- hydrogen pipelines --- hydrogen transmission --- pipeline transmission --- pressure drop --- pinch analysis --- heat exchanger network (HEN) design --- plus-minus principle --- supply temperature --- disturbances --- maximum energy recovery --- bypass --- economic evaluation --- two-phase flow regime --- airlift pump --- void fraction --- image analysis --- efficiency optimization --- energy microgrids --- energy system integration --- smart building clusters --- hybrid renewable systems --- heat pumps --- district heating --- cogeneration --- natural gas --- natural gas regulation station --- turboexpander --- pressure regulator --- energy recovery --- energy conversion --- energy system analysis --- flue gas heat recovery --- exergy --- coefficient of performance --- thermoelectric generator --- organic rankine cycle --- district energy systems --- anaerobic digestion and composting --- circular economy --- energy return on investment --- hydrogen bioenergy --- food waste hierarchy --- biofuel --- CI engine --- combustion --- emission --- greenhouse gas --- jatropha biodiesel --- nanoparticle --- performance --- Covenant of Mayors --- indirect emission allocation --- local energy generation --- geoenergetics --- ground source heat pumps --- borehole heat exchangers --- thermal response test --- borehole thermal energy storage --- bioelectricity --- carbon capture --- negative emissions --- sugarcane --- biomass --- climate change --- wave energy converters --- Power Take Off --- EP4 --- latching --- wave flume --- floating --- moorings --- renewable electricity generation systems --- SDEWES 2018 --- chicken manure --- proximate and ultimate analysis --- energy potential --- sustainable smart city --- mathematical optimisation --- urban design --- bilevel modelling --- location theory --- traffic assignment --- infrastructure expansion --- building location --- sustainable development --- energy efficiency in industry