Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Global concern about climate change caused by the exploitation of fossil fuels is encouraging the use of renewable energies. For instance, the European Union aims to be climate neutral by 2050. Biogas is an interesting renewable energy source due to its high calorific value. Today, biogas is mainly used for the production of electricity and heat by a combined heat and power engine. However, before its valorization, biogas needs to be desulfurized (H2S removal) to avoid corrosion and sulfur oxides emissions during its combustion. Biogas can be upgraded (CO2 removal) and used as vehicle fuel or injected into the natural gas grid. In the last 15 years, significant advances have occurred in the development of biological desulfurization processes. In this book with five chapters, the reader can find some of the latest advances in the biogas desulfurization and an overview of the state-of-the-art research. Three of them are research studies and two are reviews concerning the current state of biogas desulfurization technologies, economic analysis of alternatives, and the microbial ecology in biofiltration units. Biogas desulfurization is considered to be essential by many stakeholders (biogas producers, suppliers of biogas upgrading devices, gas traders, researchers, etc.) all around the world.

biotrickling filters --- in-situ biogas desulphurisation --- response surface methodology --- microbial ecology --- anoxic biotrickling filter --- desulfurization --- molecular techniques --- open-pore polyurethane foam --- anaerobic digestion --- autotrophic denitrification --- anoxic biofiltration --- Teflon --- biotrickling filter --- biogas --- desulphurisation --- H2S --- post-biogas desulphurisation --- hydrogen sulfide elimination --- removal process --- Ottengraf’s model --- packing material --- hydrogen sulfide --- open polyurethane foam --- sulfur-oxidizing bacteria --- anoxic --- PVC --- biofiltration --- PET

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

   A comprehensive account of the physical / mechanical behaviour of polyurethanes (PU´s) elastomers, films and blends of variable crystallinity. Aspects covered include the elasticity and inelasticity of amorphous to crystalline PUs, in relation to their sensitivity to chemical and physical structure. A study is  made of how aspects of the constitutive responses of PUs vary with composition: the polyaddition procedure, the hard segment, soft segment and chain extender (diols and diamines) are varied systematically in a large number of systems of model and novel crosslinked andthermoplastic PUs. Results will be related to: microstructural changes, on the basis of evidence from x-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS), and also dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and IR dichroism. Inelastic effects will be investigated also by including quantitative correlations between the magnitude of the Mullins effect and the fractional energy dissipation by hysteresis under cyclic straining, giving common relations approached by all the materials studied. A major structural feature explored is the relationship between the nature of the hard segment (crystallising or not) and that of the soft segments. Crystallinity has been sometimes observed in the commercial PUs hard phase but this is usually limited to only a few percent for most hard segment structures when solidified from the melt. One particular diisocyanate, 4,4’-dibenzyl diisocyanate (DBDI) that, in the presence of suitable chain extenders ( diols or diamines), gives rise to significant degrees of crystallinity [i-iii] and this is included in the present work. Understanding the reaction pathways involved, in resolving the subtle morphological evolution at the nanometre level, and capturing mathematically the complex, large-deformation nonlinear viscoelastic mechanical behaviour are assumed to bring new important insights in the world basic research in polyurethanes and towards applied industrial research in this area.

Polyurethane elastomers. --- Polyurethanes -- Industrial applications. --- Polyurethane elastomers --- Elastomers --- Chemistry --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Chemical Engineering --- Organic Chemistry --- Elastomers. --- Elastomeric materials --- Reinforced elastomers --- Urethane elastomers --- Chemistry. --- Polymers. --- Crystallography. --- Materials science. --- Polymer Sciences. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Polymers --- Plastics --- Rubber --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Crystallography and Scattering Methods. --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Leptology --- Physical sciences --- Mineralogy --- Polymere --- Polymeride --- Polymers and polymerization --- Macromolecules --- Polymers  . --- Material science

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Carbon-based nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene and its derivatives, nanodiamond, fullerenes, and other nano-sized carbon allotropes have recently attracted a lot of attention among the scientific community due to their enormous potential for a wide number of applications arising from their large specific surface area, high electrical and thermal conductivity, and good mechanical properties. The combination of carbon nanomaterials with polymers leads to new nanocomposites with improved structural and functional properties due to synergistic effects. In particular, the properties of carbon-based polymer nanocomposites can be easily tuned by carefully controlling the carbon nanomaterial synthesis route and additionally the versatile synergistic interactions amongst the nanomaterials and polymers. This book provides selected examples of the most recent advances regarding carbon nanomaterial-reinforced polymeric composites. It includes the most representative types of polymeric matrices and covers aspects of new processing techniques, novel surface modifications of carbon nanomaterials and their applications in diverse fields, in particular in electronics and energy storage.

multi walled carbon nanotubes --- polyacrylonitrile --- nascent fiber --- thermal properties --- morphological structure --- nanocomposites --- graphene --- melt processing --- mechanical properties --- electrical conductivity --- electrostatic spraying --- multi-walled carbon nanotubes --- waterborne polyurethane coating --- dispersity --- surface hardness --- wear rate --- friction coefficient --- in-mold decoration injection molding --- microcellular injection molding --- surface quality --- warpage --- multiwalled carbon nanotube --- hyaluronic acid --- microfibers --- wet-spinning --- microstructures --- tensile properties --- Ag --- CNT --- flexible supercapacitor electrode --- polymer conductive film --- cellulose acetate membrane --- PANI --- graphene oxide --- hexamethylene diisocyanate --- nanocomposite --- thermal stability --- polydiphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid --- single-walled carbon nanotubes --- conjugated polymers --- in situ oxidative polymerization --- hybrid nanocomposites --- polypropylene --- carbon nanotube --- titanium dioxide --- reduced graphene oxide --- polyurethane foam --- flexible electronics --- pressure sensing --- polyethyleneimine --- thermoelectric properties --- carrier type --- Paal-Knorr reaction --- polyketone --- carbon nanotubes --- Diels-Alder --- click-chemistry --- hydrogen bonding --- self-healing --- re-workability --- recycling --- Joule heating --- flexible electrode --- cross-linked acrylamide/alginate --- tensile strength --- impedance spectroscopy --- polymer electrolyte --- Li-ion micro-batteries --- flexible anode --- pre-lithiation --- carbon-based polymer nanocomposite --- energy storage --- fuel cell --- electrochemical devices --- n/a

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

"Advances in Polyurethane Biomaterials brings together a thorough review of advances in the properties and applications of polyurethanes for biomedical applications. The first set of chapters in the book provides an important overview of the fundamentals of this material with chapters on properties and processing methods for polyurethane. Further sections cover significant uses such as their tissue engineering and vascular and drug delivery applications. Written by an international team of leading authors, the book is a comprehensive and essential reference on this important biomaterial"--

Chemical Engineering --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Polyurethanes. --- Biomedical materials. --- Biocompatible materials --- Biomaterials --- Medical materials --- Medicine --- Biomedical engineering --- Materials --- Biocompatibility --- Prosthesis --- Urethane polymers --- Polymers --- Urethanes --- Biocompatible Materials. --- Bioartificial Materials --- Hemocompatible Materials --- Bioartificial Material --- Biocompatible Material --- Biomaterial --- Hemocompatible Material --- Material, Bioartificial --- Material, Biocompatible --- Material, Hemocompatible --- Materials Testing --- Biomimetic Materials --- Regenerative Medicine --- Ostamer --- Pellethane --- Spandex --- Polyisocyanates --- Ostamers --- Pellethanes --- Polyisocyanate --- Polyurethane --- Spandices --- Bioartificial materials --- Hemocompatible materials --- Biomaterials (Biomedical materials)

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

In recent decades, there have been extensive developments in science and technology. These advances provide new techniques to deposit coatings onto various substrates, thus, addressing the ever-increasing performance requirements of various applications. Moreover, as technology itself develops, there are new problems that require new solutions, some of which can be solved through the application of coatings. Thus, the demands from coatings are continually increasing and the field is growing. The collection of articles contained within this volume cover a wide range of different research approaches to coatings reflecting the expanding field of coatings. It covers examples from topics such as a cold spray of magnesium alloys onto steel substrates, mechanical coatings of Ti-based materials onto steel balls, electroless plating of Ni-P coating onto an Mg-based alloy, magnetron sputtering of Ru-Zr coatings onto a Si wafer, a review of ionic liquids that form surface layers, as corrosion inhibitors, nano-composite epoxy coatings containing exfoliated clay (montmorillonite) for steel protection, a coating based on plasma electrolytic oxidation of an aluminum alloy and inhibited epoxy primer for aerospace aluminum alloys. This volume provides a wide-angle snapshot of current coating technologies through the presentation of some specific studies.

cyclical gradient concentration --- internal oxidation --- multilayer coating --- nanocomposite coating --- Ti coatings --- steel balls --- mechanical coating --- process analysis --- steel --- corrosion --- protection --- coatings --- epoxy—clay nanocomposites --- primer --- Li-inhibited --- AA2024 --- polyurethane --- SEM --- EDS --- PIXE --- PIGE --- leaching --- pigments --- ionic liquid --- polyionic liquid --- graphene --- hybrid coating --- electroless deposition --- Ni–P coating --- magnesium alloy --- ZE10 --- adhesion --- microhardness --- EDS analysis --- polarization test --- plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) --- aluminum --- three-dimensional structure --- aluminum/coating interface --- growth model --- cold spraying --- coating --- composite coatings --- microstructure