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A revealing look at how negative biases against women of color are embedded in search engine results and algorithms Run a Google search for "black girls"-what will you find? "Big Booty" and other sexually explicit terms are likely to come up as top search terms. But, if you type in "white girls," the results are radically different. The suggested porn sites and un-moderated discussions about "why black women are so sassy" or "why black women are so angry" presents a disturbing portrait of black womanhood in modern society. In Algorithms of Oppression, Safiya Umoja Noble challenges the idea that search engines like Google offer an equal playing field for all forms of ideas, identities, and activities. Data discrimination is a real social problem; Noble argues that the combination of private interests in promoting certain sites, along with the monopoly status of a relatively small number of Internet search engines, leads to a biased set of search algorithms that privilege whiteness and discriminate against people of color, specifically women of color. Through an analysis of textual and media searches as well as extensive research on paid online advertising, Noble exposes a culture of racism and sexism in the way discoverability is created online. As search engines and their related companies grow in importance-operating as a source for email, a major vehicle for primary and secondary school learning, and beyond-understanding and reversing these disquieting trends and discriminatory practices is of utmost importance.

Search engines --- Discrimination. --- Google. --- Moteurs de recherche --- Sociological aspects. --- Sociologie. --- Information retrieval --- Sociology of minorities --- Algorithmus. --- COMPUTERS / Web. --- Diskriminierung. --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Discrimination & Race Relations. --- Suchmaschine. --- Algorithme --- Racisme --- Sociologie de la communication --- Identité ethnique --- Discrimination --- Racism

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Does the information on the Web offer many alternative accounts of reality, or does it subtly align with an official version? In Information Politics on the Web, Richard Rogers identifies the cultures, techniques, and devices that rank and recommend information on the Web, analyzing not only the political content of Web sites but the politics built into the Web's infrastructure. Addressing the larger question of what the Web is for, Rogers argues that the Web is still the best arena for unsettling the official and challenging the familiar.Rogers describes the politics at work on the Web as either back-end--the politics of search engine technology--or front-end--the diversity, inclusivity, and relative prominence of sites publicly accessible on the Web. To analyze this, he developed four "political instruments," or software tools that gather information about the Web by capturing dynamic linking practices, attention cycles for issues, and changing political party commitments. On the basis of his findings on how information politics works, Rogers argues that the Web should be, and can be, a "collision space" for official and unofficial accounts of reality. (One chapter, "The Viagra Files" offers an entertaining analysis of official and unofficial claims for the health benefits of Viagra.) The distinctiveness of the Web as a medium lies partly in the peculiar practices that grant different statuses to information sources. The tools developed by Rogers capture these practices and contribute to the development of a new information politics that takes into account and draws from the competition between the official, the non-governmental, and the underground.

Information technology --- Web search engines --- Web portals --- Civil society. --- Knowledge, Sociology of. --- Social aspects. --- Political aspects. --- Knowledge, Theory of (Sociology) --- Sociology of knowledge --- Gateways (Web portals) --- Internet portals --- Portals (World Wide Web) --- Web searching --- World Wide Web searching --- Communication --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Public opinion --- Sociology --- Social epistemology --- Social contract --- Web sites --- Federated searching --- Internet searching --- Search engines --- World Wide Web --- Subject access --- Selective dissemination of information. --- Technologie de l'information --- Moteurs de recherche sur Internet --- Portails (Informatique) --- Diffusion sélective de l'information --- Sociologie de la connaissance --- Aspect social --- Aspect politique --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/Internet Studies --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/Technology & Policy

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Many libraries and museums have adapted to the current information climate, working with Google, Facebook, Twitter and iTunes to deliver information for their users. Many have not. Google This! describes the variety of free or nearly free options for social media, and shows how libraries are adapting, from the Library of Congress to small public libraries. The author presents conversations with social media innovators to show how their experience can create success for your institution's library. Chapters cover important aspects of social media for libraries including: how they relate to the i

Library management --- Library automation --- Mass communications --- Computer architecture. Operating systems --- sociale media --- bibliotheekmanagement --- marketing --- bibliotheken --- Online social networks --- Social media. --- Library materials --- Digitalization of library materials --- Digitization of library materials --- User-generated media --- Communication --- User-generated content --- Library applications. --- Digitization. --- Google. --- BackRub --- Searching, Bibliographical --- Web search engines --- Recherche documentaire --- Moteurs de recherche sur Internet --- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Handbooks, manuals, etc --- Guides, manuels, etc. --- Guides, manuels, etc --- Social media --- Library applications --- Digitization --- E-books --- 025.4.036 --- 025:681.3 --- 09 <08> --- 09 <08> Handschriften. Oude en merkwaardige drukken. Curiosa--Verzamelwerken. Reeksen--Boekwetenschap. Sociale aspecten van het boek. Boek en media. Toekomst van het boek --- Handschriften. Oude en merkwaardige drukken. Curiosa--Verzamelwerken. Reeksen--Boekwetenschap. Sociale aspecten van het boek. Boek en media. Toekomst van het boek --- 025:681.3 Bibliotheekautomatisering --- Bibliotheekautomatisering --- Computer aided search. Online searching. Zoeken op internet

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Following the increase in of the information available on the Web, the diversity of its users and the complexity of Web applications, researchers started developing adaptive Web systems that tailored their appearance and behavior to each individual user or user group. Adaptive systems were designed for different usage contexts, exploring different kinds of personalization. Web personalization has evolved into a large research field attracting scientists from different communities such as hypertext, user modeling, machine learning, natural language generation, information retrieval, intelligent tutoring systems, cognitive science, and Web-based education. This state-of-the-art survey provides a systematic overview of the ideas and techniques of the adaptive Web and serves as a central source of information for researchers, practitioners, and students. The volume constitutes a comprehensive and carefully planned collection of chapters, mapping out the most important areas of the adaptive Web, each solicited from experts and leaders in the field. The largest part of the book focuses on personalization techniques, namely the modeling side of personalization (Chaps. 1-5), and on adaptation, (Chaps. 6-14). The technique-focused part is complemented by four domain-oriented chapters in the third section of the book (Chaps. 15-18). The last section is devoted to recently emerging topics; it provides a prospective view of the new ideas and techniques that are moving rapidly into the focus of the adaptive Web community and gives the reader a glimpse into the not-so-distant future.

Web search engines. --- World Wide Web --- Data mining. --- Human-computer interaction. --- Assistive computer technology. --- Moteurs de recherche sur Internet --- Web --- Exploration de données (Informatique) --- Interaction homme-machine (Informatique) --- Technologie informatique adaptée --- Subject access. --- Accès par sujet --- Web search engines --- Web sites --- Web site development --- Data mining --- Human-computer interaction --- Telecommunications --- Computer Science --- Library & Information Science --- Social Sciences --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Design --- Subject access --- Web site development. --- Design. --- Accessible computing technology --- Adaptive computing --- Adaptive computing technology for people with disabilities --- Assistive computing technology --- Barrier-free computing technology --- Computer-human interaction --- Human factors in computing systems --- Interaction, Human-computer --- Algorithmic knowledge discovery --- Factual data analysis --- KDD (Information retrieval) --- Knowledge discovery in data --- Knowledge discovery in databases --- Mining, Data --- Subject access to the World Wide Web --- Subject retrieval on the World Wide Web --- Web searching --- World Wide Web searching --- Popular works. --- Computer communication systems. --- Information storage and retrieval. --- User interfaces (Computer systems). --- Computer science. --- Popular Science. --- Popular Computer Science. --- Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. --- Information Storage and Retrieval. --- Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet). --- User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction. --- Computer Communication Networks. --- Database searching --- Informatics --- Science --- Interfaces, User (Computer systems) --- Human-machine systems --- Communication systems, Computer --- Computer communication systems --- Data networks, Computer --- ECNs (Electronic communication networks) --- Electronic communication networks --- Networks, Computer --- Teleprocessing networks --- Data transmission systems --- Digital communications --- Electronic systems --- Information networks --- Telecommunication --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Electronic data processing --- Network computers --- Distributed processing --- Computers and people with disabilities --- Self-help devices for people with disabilities --- Human engineering --- User-centered system design --- User interfaces (Computer systems) --- Subject cataloging --- Internet searching --- Search engines --- Web portals --- Information storage and retrieva. --- Information storage and retrieval systems. --- Automatic data storage --- Automatic information retrieval --- Automation in documentation --- Computer-based information systems --- Data processing systems --- Data storage and retrieval systems --- Discovery systems, Information --- Information discovery systems --- Information processing systems --- Information retrieval systems --- Machine data storage and retrieval --- Mechanized information storage and retrieval systems --- Computer systems --- Electronic information resources --- Data libraries --- Digital libraries --- Information organization --- Information retrieval --- Application software. --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software --- Microformats --- Authorship