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Book
Magnetic Properties of Paramagnetic Compounds, Magnetic Susceptibility Data, Volume 8 : A Supplement to Landolt-Börnstein II/31 Series
Authors: ---
ISBN: 3662664607 3662664593 Year: 2023 Publisher: Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg : Imprint: Springer,

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With the objective to collate the enormous amount of information on magnetic susceptibility parameters of a very large number of a variety of skeletons and present it in a form that can readily be retrieved and used, a new pattern is being introduced with the present volume keeping in view that now a majority of research groups look at the scientific data electronically. In this volume, magnetic properties of complexes of ???(La, Ti, V, Cr, Mo, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Au, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Ho, Yb)??? are described. All the magnetic properties of each individual substance are listed as a single document which is self-explainable and allowing search in respect of substance name, synonyms, common vocabulary, and even structure.


Book
Magnetic properties of paramagnetic compounds, magnetic susceptibility data.
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 3662624656 3662624664 Year: 2021 Publisher: Berlin, Germany : Springer,

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Quantum Theory of Magnetism : Magnetic Properties of Materials
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ISBN: 1280745797 9786610745791 3540690255 3540651160 3642084524 Year: 2007 Publisher: Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg : Imprint: Springer,

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This book provides a unified description of magnetic phenomena through means of the generalized susceptibility. The book begins by discussing the general properties of the susceptibility, its complex nature, its symmetry, and its relation to magnetic fluctuations.Next, the quantum basis of magnetic phenomena is established. The bulk of the book builds on this theoretical foundation to calculate the magnetic response to spatial and time-varying magnetic fields. This provides a natural way of thinking about long-range order, critical phenomena, resonance, etc. A new chapter is included which deals with the magnetic properties of thin film magnetic structures which have many potential applications.


Book
Intermetallic Compound
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute,

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This Special Issue collects ten articles related to the broadly understood physical properties of intermetallic compounds. Differential thermal analysis was carried out, and the temperatures of thermal effects that arise during the reduction of neodymium from a technological salt mixture of KCl–NaCl–CaCl2–NdF3 with a magnesium–zinc alloy were established. For sol–gel products of stoichiometric MgTiO3, accurate thermal expansion coefficients were measured. The effect of various nanoparticles, such as GaF3, ZnF2, Zn(BF4)2 and Ga2O3 additions, on the activity of CsF-RbF-AlF3 flux and mechanical behavior of Al/Steel brazed joints is presented. The effect of Bi substitution on the structural and magnetic properties of Nd1-xBixMnO3 is investigated. Characteristics of hard magnetic materials based on Nd2Fe14B and Ce2Fe14B intermetallic compounds are presented. A special algorithm is presented to support vector regression for estimating the maximum magnetic entropy change of doped manganite-based compounds. We have received information about the mechanical properties of the reactively synthesized porous Ti3SiC2 compound with different apertures. Furthermore, we have presented the experimental results of Zn-doped Al-rich for fast on-board hydrogen production.

Magnetic Functions Beyond the Spin-Hamiltonian
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ISBN: 9783540260790 354026079X 3540325018 Year: 2006 Publisher: Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg : Imprint: Springer,

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Using the spin-Hamiltonian formalism the magnetic parameters are introduced through the components of the Lambda-tensor involving only the matrix elements of the angular momentum operator. The energy levels for a variety of spins are generated and the modeling of the magnetization, the magnetic susceptibility and the heat capacity is done. Theoretical formulae necessary in performing the energy level calculations for a multi-term system are prepared with the help of the irreducible tensor operator approach. The goal of the programming lies in the fact that the entire relevant matrix elements (electron repulsion, crystal field, spin-orbit interaction, orbital-Zeeman, and spin-Zeeman operators) are evaluated in the basis set of free-atom terms. The modeling of the zero-field splitting is done at three levels of sophistication. The spin-Hamiltonian formalism offers simple formulae for the magnetic parameters by evaluating the matrix elements of the angular momentum operator in the basis set of the crystal-field terms. The magnetic functions for dn complexes are modeled for a wide range of the crystal-field strengths.

Keywords

Magnetics. --- Nuclear spin. --- Hamiltonian systems. --- Spin nucléaire --- Systèmes hamiltoniens --- Chemistry. --- Chemistry, inorganic. --- Magnetism. --- Inorganic Chemistry. --- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry. --- Magnetism, Magnetic Materials. --- Magnetism --- Magnetic susceptibility --- Transition metal complexes --- Models, Molecular --- Molecular Structure --- Metals --- Magnetics --- Inorganic Chemicals --- Physics --- Models, Theoretical --- Biochemical Phenomena --- Physicochemical Phenomena --- Chemical Phenomena --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Investigative Techniques --- Phenomena and Processes --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry --- Inorganic Chemistry --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Magnetic susceptibility. --- Transition metal complexes. --- Investigative Technics --- Investigative Technic --- Investigative Technique --- Technic, Investigative --- Technics, Investigative --- Technique, Investigative --- Techniques, Investigative --- Natural Sciences --- Physical Sciences --- Discipline, Natural Science --- Disciplines, Natural Science --- Natural Science --- Natural Science Discipline --- Physical Science --- Science, Natural --- Science, Physical --- Sciences, Natural --- Sciences, Physical --- Chemical Phenomenon --- Chemical Process --- Physical Chemistry Phenomena --- Physical Chemistry Process --- Physicochemical Phenomenon --- Physicochemical Process --- Chemical Concepts --- Chemical Processes --- Physical Chemistry Concepts --- Physical Chemistry Processes --- Physicochemical Concepts --- Physicochemical Processes --- Chemical Concept --- Chemistry Process, Physical --- Chemistry Processes, Physical --- Concept, Chemical --- Concept, Physical Chemistry --- Concept, Physicochemical --- Concepts, Chemical --- Concepts, Physical Chemistry --- Concepts, Physicochemical --- Phenomena, Chemical --- Phenomena, Physical Chemistry --- Phenomena, Physicochemical --- Phenomenon, Chemical --- Phenomenon, Physicochemical --- Physical Chemistry Concept --- Physicochemical Concept --- Process, Chemical --- Process, Physical Chemistry --- Process, Physicochemical --- Processes, Chemical --- Processes, Physical Chemistry --- Processes, Physicochemical --- Biochemical Concepts --- Biochemical Phenomenon --- Biochemical Process --- Phenomena, Biochemical --- Biochemical Processes --- Biochemical Concept --- Concept, Biochemical --- Concepts, Biochemical --- Phenomenon, Biochemical --- Process, Biochemical --- Processes, Biochemical --- Experimental Model --- Experimental Models --- Mathematical Model --- Model, Experimental --- Models (Theoretical) --- Models, Experimental --- Models, Theoretic --- Theoretical Study --- Mathematical Models --- Model (Theoretical) --- Model, Mathematical --- Model, Theoretical --- Models, Mathematical --- Studies, Theoretical --- Study, Theoretical --- Theoretical Model --- Theoretical Models --- Theoretical Studies --- Physic --- Chemicals, Inorganic --- Magnetic --- Structure, Molecular --- Molecular Structures --- Structures, Molecular --- Molecular Models --- Model, Molecular --- Molecular Model --- Susceptibility, Magnetic --- Inorganic chemistry --- Inorganic chemistry. --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical. --- Magnetic materials. --- Inorganic compounds --- Mathematical physics --- Electricity --- Physical sciences --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Materials


Book
Synthesis and Applications of New Spin Crossover Compounds
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ISBN: 3039213628 303921361X Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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The crystal chemistry of spin crossover (SCO) behavior in coordination compounds can potentially be in association with smart materials—promising materials for applications as components of memory devices, displays, sensors and mechanical devices and, especially, actuators, such as artificial muscles. This Special Issue is devoted to various aspects of SCO and related research, comprising 18 interesting original papers on valuable and important SCO topics. Significant and fundamental scientific attention has been focused on the SCO phenomena in a wide research range of fields of fundamental chemical and physical and related sciences, containing the interdisciplinary regions of chemical and physical sciences related to the SCO phenomena. Coordination materials with bistable systems between the LS and the HS states are usually triggered by external stimuli, such as temperature, light, pressure, guest molecule inclusion, soft X-ray, and nuclear decay. Since the first Hofmann-like spin crossover (SCO) behavior in {Fe(py)2[Ni(CN)4]}n (py = pyridine) was demonstrated, this crystal chemistry motif has been frequently used to design Fe(II) SCO materials to enable determination of the correlations between structural features and magnetic properties.

Keywords

n/a --- hexadentate ligand --- X-ray diffraction --- structural disorder --- lattice energy --- 2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane --- thermal hysteresis --- optical conductivity spectrum --- spin-state crossover --- solvate --- single crystal --- spin-crossover transition --- spin-crossover --- cobalt oxide --- amorphous --- metal dithiolene complexes --- qsal ligand --- impurity effect --- 3-triazole --- intermolecular interactions --- spin crossover --- hydrogen bonding --- 1 --- 2 --- optical microscopy --- supramolecular coordination polymer --- paramagnetic ligand --- magnetic susceptibility --- high spin --- [Fe(III)(3-OMesal2-trien)]+ --- aminoxyl --- cobalt(II) ion --- mosaicity --- Fe(III) coordination complexes --- nitroxides --- C–H···? interactions --- Fe(II) --- dithiooxalato ligand --- dinuclear triple helicate --- coordination polymers --- magnetization --- spiral structure --- magnetostructural correlations --- charge-transfer phase transition --- structure phase transition --- magnetic properties --- spin polaron --- substitution of 3d transition metal ion --- iron(II) complexes --- X-ray absorption spectroscopy --- coordination complexes --- crystal engineering --- fatigability --- soft X-ray induced excited spin state trapping --- spin transition --- dipyridyl-N-alkylamine ligands --- coordination polymer --- iron (II) --- iron mixed-valence complex --- chiral propeller structure --- spin cross-over (SCO) --- EPR spectroscopy --- Cu(II) complexes --- solvent effects --- ferromagnetism --- SQUID --- LIESST effect --- low spin (LS) --- 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy --- dielectric response --- iron(II) --- hetero metal complex --- atropisomerism --- switch --- Schiff base --- counter-anion --- DFT calculation --- Fe(III) complex --- Fe(II) complex --- high spin (HS) --- reaction diffusion --- thermochromism --- supramolecular isomerism --- phase transition --- magnetic transition --- mononuclear --- [Au(dmit)2]? --- UV-Vis spectroscopy --- phase transitions --- ?-? interactions --- [Au(dddt)2]? --- crystal structure --- linear pentadentate ligand --- ion-pair crystals --- C-H···? interactions --- 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy


Book
Artificial Neural Networks in Agriculture
Authors: ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Modern agriculture needs to have high production efficiency combined with a high quality of obtained products. This applies to both crop and livestock production. To meet these requirements, advanced methods of data analysis are more and more frequently used, including those derived from artificial intelligence methods. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are one of the most popular tools of this kind. They are widely used in solving various classification and prediction tasks, for some time also in the broadly defined field of agriculture. They can form part of precision farming and decision support systems. Artificial neural networks can replace the classical methods of modelling many issues, and are one of the main alternatives to classical mathematical models. The spectrum of applications of artificial neural networks is very wide. For a long time now, researchers from all over the world have been using these tools to support agricultural production, making it more efficient and providing the highest-quality products possible.

Keywords

artificial neural network (ANN) --- Grain weevil identification --- neural modelling classification --- winter wheat --- grain --- artificial neural network --- ferulic acid --- deoxynivalenol --- nivalenol --- MLP network --- sensitivity analysis --- precision agriculture --- machine learning --- similarity --- metric --- memory --- deep learning --- plant growth --- dynamic response --- root zone temperature --- dynamic model --- NARX neural networks --- hydroponics --- vegetation indices --- UAV --- neural network --- corn plant density --- corn canopy cover --- yield prediction --- CLQ --- GA-BPNN --- GPP-driven spectral model --- rice phenology --- EBK --- correlation filter --- crop yield prediction --- hybrid feature extraction --- recursive feature elimination wrapper --- artificial neural networks --- big data --- classification --- high-throughput phenotyping --- modeling --- predicting --- time series forecasting --- soybean --- food production --- paddy rice mapping --- dynamic time warping --- LSTM --- weakly supervised learning --- cropland mapping --- apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) --- magnetic susceptibility (MS) --- EM38 --- neural networks --- Phoenix dactylifera L. --- Medjool dates --- image classification --- convolutional neural networks --- transfer learning --- average degree of coverage --- coverage unevenness coefficient --- optimization --- high-resolution imagery --- oil palm tree --- CNN --- Faster-RCNN --- image identification --- agroecology --- weeds --- yield gap --- environment --- health --- crop models --- soil and plant nutrition --- automated harvesting --- model application for sustainable agriculture --- remote sensing for agriculture --- decision supporting systems --- neural image analysis


Book
Supramolecular Chemistry in the 3rd Millennium
Author:
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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This Special Issue is one of the first for the new MDPI flagship journal Chemistry (ISSN 2624-8549) which has a broad remit for publishing original research in all areas of chemistry. The theme of this issue is Supramolecular Chemistry in the 3rd Millennium and I am sure that this topic will attract many exciting contributions. We chose this topic because it encompasses the unity of contemporary pluridisciplinary science, in which organic, inorganic, physical and theoretical chemists work together with molecular biologists and physicists to develop a systems-level understanding of molecular interactions. The description of supramolecular chemistry as ‘chemistry beyond the molecule’ (Jean-Marie Lehn, Nobel Lecture and Gautam R. Desiraju, Nature, 2001, 412, 397) addresses the wide variety of weak, non-covalent interactions that are the basis for the assembly of supramolecular architectures, molecular receptors and molecular recognition, programed molecular systems, dynamic combinatorial libraries, coordination networks and functional supramolecular materials. We welcome submissions from all disciplines involved in this exciting and evolving area of science.

Keywords

anion binding --- chloride receptor --- switchable system --- hydroquinone --- redox switch --- metal-organic frameworks --- vapour sorption --- solvatochromism --- desorption kinetics --- ion-channels --- crown-ethers --- bilayer membranes --- self-assembly --- supramolecular chemistry --- host–guest chemistry --- coordination cage --- catalysis --- crystal structure --- copper chloride complexes --- H-bonding pattern --- tetrazole ligands --- X-ray diffraction --- Hirshfeld surfaces --- uranium(VI) --- carboxylates --- capsules --- structure --- luminescence --- multicomponent cocrystal --- cocrystallization mechanism --- cocrystal synthesis --- crystal engineering --- porous material --- molecular recognition --- halogen bond --- co-crystal --- molecular tecton --- binary solid --- network structure --- σ-hole --- molecular electrostatic potential --- calixarenes --- coordination clusters --- manganese --- molecular magnetism --- host–guest interaction --- cucurbit[7]uril --- 4-pyrrolidinopyridinium --- copper complexes --- chlorido ligand displacement --- catalysis regulation --- Schiff base ligands --- urea hydrolysis --- coordination chemistry --- hydrogen bonds --- metalla-assemblies --- coordination-driven self-assembly --- orthogonality --- ligands --- metal ions --- complementarity --- hydrogen bonding --- cyclotricatechylene --- metal–organic cage --- helicate --- metallosupramolecular --- chirality --- copper(II) complexes --- pyrazolato ligands --- supramolecular assembly --- X-ray crystallography --- magnetic susceptibility --- EPR spectroscopy --- isotropic exchange --- antisymmetric exchange --- dipolar interaction --- DFT calculations --- hydrogen bond --- pyrazine --- chloropyrazine --- chloropyrazin-2-amine --- copper halide --- supramolecular structure --- conformational polymorphism --- intermolecular contacts --- N,N′,N″,N‴-Tetraisopropylpyrophosphoramide --- pyrophosphoramide --- synthons --- supramolecular motifs --- n/a --- host-guest chemistry --- host-guest interaction --- metal-organic cage --- N,N',N",N‴-Tetraisopropylpyrophosphoramide


Book
Remote Sensing in Applied Geophysics
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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The Special Issue is focused on recent and upcoming advances in the combined application of remote sensing and applied geophysics. Applied geophysics analyzes the distribution of physical properties in the subsurface for a wide range of geological, engineering, and environmental applications at different scales. Seismic, electrical, magnetic, and electromagnetic methods are among the most applied and well-established geophysical techniques. These methods share the advantages of being non-invasive and exploring wide areas of investigation with respect to conventional methods (e.g., drilling). Geophysical surveys are usually carried out deploying or moving the appropriate instrumentation directly on the ground surface. However, recent technological advances have resulting in the development of innovative acquisition systems becoming more typical of the remote sensing community (e.g., airborne surveys). While applied geophysics mainly focuses on the subsurface, typical remote sensing techniques have the ability to accurately image the Earth’s surface with high-resolution investigations carried out by means of terrestrial, airborne, or satellite-based platforms. The integration of surface and subsurface information is often crucial for several purposes, including the processing of geophysical data, the characterization and time-lapse monitoring of surface and near-surface targets, and the reconstruction of highly detailed and comprehensive 3D models of the investigated areas. Recent contributions showing the added value of surface reconstruction and/or monitoring in the processing, interpretation, and cross-comparison of geophysical techniques for archaeological, environmental, and engineering studies are collected in this book. Pioneering geophysical acquisitions by means of innovative remote systems are also presented.

Keywords

Alpine glaciers --- Belvedere Glacier --- ice thickness estimation --- ice bottom morphology and properties --- ground-penetrating radar (GPR) --- single-station passive seismic measurements --- horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) --- archaeological prospection --- automated resistivity profiling ARP --- electrical resistivity survey --- multi-channel ground penetrating radar --- geophysical methods integration --- Chang’E-4 --- lunar penetrating radar (LPR) --- 3D velocity spectrum --- properties analysis --- remote sensing and GIS --- field geophysics --- groundwater potentiality --- West Qena --- Egypt --- mine collapse --- anthropogenic hazard --- seismology --- GNSS --- InSAR --- post-seismic deformation mechanism --- InSAR time series algorithm --- Kermanshah earthquake --- viscoelastic relaxation --- near-surface geophysics --- LiDAR --- magnetic gradiometry --- surface magnetic susceptibility --- electromagnetic induction --- Middle Woodland period --- Hopewell archaeology --- depth inversion --- sedimentary processes --- Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASV) --- marine geophysics --- shallow water environments --- repeated 4D surveys --- NAIADI Project (New Autonomous/automatIc systems for the study AnD monitoring of aquatic envIronments) --- electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) --- frequency domain electromagnetic (FDEM) --- archaeology --- terramare --- bronze age --- elastic full waveform inversion --- acoustic-elastic coupled --- ocean bottom seismic --- multicomponent --- multiparameter --- ground penetrating radar (GPR) --- moisture content --- velocity analysis --- optimal gather --- passive seismic interferometry --- surface wave --- inversion --- shear-wave velocity --- ambient noise --- dispersion curve --- aerial archaeology --- landscape archaeology --- frequency-domain electromagnetic methods (FDEM) --- paleochannel --- Snow Eagle 601 --- aerogeophysics --- Princess Elizabeth Land --- ice-penetrating radar --- Antarctic ice sheet --- n/a --- Chang'E-4


Book
Organic Conductors
Author:
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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This collection of articles focuses on different aspects of the study of organic conductors. Recent progress in both theoretical and experimental studies is covered in this Special Issue. Papers on a wide variety of studies are categorized into representative topics of chemistry and physics. Besides classical studies on the crystalline organic conductors, applied studies on semiconducting thin films and a number of new topics shared with inorganic materials are also discussed.

Keywords

organic π-radical --- molecular conductor --- phthalocyanine --- three-dimensional network --- three-dimensional electronic system --- organic conductors --- bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF) --- bis(ethylenediseleno)tetrathiafulvalene (BEST) --- bis(ethylenedithio)tetraselenafulvalene (BETS) --- electrical resistivity --- magnetic susceptibility --- X-ray analysis --- charge-ordered state --- quantum chemical calculations --- Madelung energy --- magnetic property --- reversible transformation --- spin ladder --- nodal line semimetal --- single-component molecular conductor --- conductivity --- DOS --- tight-binding model --- interacting electrons in one dimension --- electronic and lattice instabilities --- renormalization group method --- X-ray diffraction --- single crystal --- electron density --- molecular orbital --- single-component molecular conductors --- extended-TTF dithiolate ligands --- gold dithiolate complexes --- (BETS)2Fe1−xGaxCl4 --- π-d interaction --- NMR --- charge glass --- heat capacity --- electric current --- electric voltage --- Boson peak --- chirality --- tetrathiafulvalene --- crystal structures --- band structure calculations --- hydrogen bonding --- charge-transfer salts --- (TMTTF)2X --- deuteration --- anions --- charge transport --- tunnel junction --- MOCVD --- quantum well --- co-doping --- solar cells --- (TMTSF)8(I3)5 --- (TMTSF)5(I3)2 --- (TMTSF)4(I3)4·THF --- organic conductor --- crystal structure --- high pressure --- DFT --- MP2 --- organic superconductors --- Beechgard salts --- Maxwell-Garnett approximation --- high-Tc --- pressure effect --- Dirac electron system --- resistivity --- magnetoresistance --- synchrotron X-ray diffraction --- band calculation --- correlated electron materials --- layered organic conductor --- unconventional superconductivity --- vortex dynamics --- d-wave pairing symmetry --- superconducting gap structure --- magnetic field --- flux-flow resistivity --- charge-ordered insulator --- electric double layer transistor --- organic field-effect transistor --- π–d system --- Mott insulator --- strongly correlated electron system --- multiferroic --- dielectric --- photoconductor --- organic semiconductors --- molecular orbitals --- pyroelectricity --- temperature modulation --- molecular ferroelectrics --- radiative temperature control --- thermal diffusion model --- lithium niobate --- first-principles calculation --- density-functional theory --- charge ordering --- hybrid functional --- electronic structure --- nickel–dithiolene complex --- cycloalkane substituent --- crystalline organic charge-transfer complexes --- disordered systems --- overlap integrals --- extended Hückel approximation --- Dirac electrons --- zero-gap semiconductors --- merging of Dirac cones --- n/a --- π-d system --- nickel-dithiolene complex --- extended Hückel approximation

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