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Les sols sont une ressource essentielle à préserver pour la production d’aliments, de fibres, de biomasse, pour la filtration de l’eau, la préservation de la biodiversité et le stockage du carbone. En tant que réservoirs de carbone, les sols sont par ailleurs appelés à jouer un rôle primordial dans la lutte contre l’augmentation de la concentration de gaz à effet de serre. Ils sont ainsi au centre des objectifs de développement durable (ODD) des Nations unies, notamment les ODD 2 « Faim zéro », 13 « Lutte contre le changement climatique », 15 « Vie terrestre », 12 « Consommation et production responsables » ou encore 1 « Pas de pauvreté ». Cet ouvrage présente un état des lieux des sols africains dans toute leur diversité, mais au-delà, il documente les capacités de stockage de carbone selon les types de sols et leurs usages en Afrique. Il propose également des recommandations autour de l’acquisition et de l’interprétation des données, ainsi que des options pour préserver, voire augmenter les stocks de carbone dans les sols. Tous les chercheurs et acteurs du développement impliqués dans les recherches sur le rôle du carbone des sols sont concernés par cette synthèse collective. Fruit d’une collaboration entre chercheurs africains et européens, ce livre insiste sur la nécessité de prendre en compte la grande variété des contextes agricoles et forestiers africains pour améliorer nos connaissances sur les capacités de stockage de carbone des sols et lutter contre le changement climatique.

Environmental Studies --- carbone --- agriculture --- Afrique --- développement --- écologie --- climatologie --- agronomie --- lutte contre le changement climatique --- changement climatique --- gaz à effet de serre --- forêt --- alimentation --- sol --- économie du développement

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"Global finance is in the middle of a radical transformation fueled by innovative financial technologies. The coronavirus pandemic has accelerated the digitization of retail financial services in Europe. Institutional interest and digital asset markets are also growing blurring the boundaries between the token economy and traditional finance. Blockchain, AI, quantum computing and decentralised finance (DeFI) are setting the stage for a global battle of business models and philosophies. The post-Brexit EU cannot afford to ignore the promise of digital finance. But the Union is struggling to keep pace with global innovation hubs, particularly when it comes to experimenting with new digital forms of capital raising. Calibrating the EU digital finance strategy is a balancing act that requires a deep understanding of the factors driving the transformation, be they legal, cultural, political or economic, as well as their many implications. The same FinTech inventions that use AI, machine learning and big data to facilitate access to credit may also establish invisible barriers that further social, racial and religious exclusion. The way digital finance actors source, use, and record information presents countless consumer protection concerns. The EU's strategic response has been years in the making and, finally, in September 2020 the Commission released a Digital Finance Package. This special issue collects contributions from leading scholars who scrutinize the challenges digital finance presents for the EU internal market and financial market regulation from multiple public policy perspectives. Author contributions adopt a critical yet constructive and solutions-oriented approach. They aim to provide policy-relevant research and ideas shedding light on the complexities of the digital finance promise. They also offer solid proposals for reform of EU financial services law."--Publisher.

LAW / Securities. --- digital single market. --- financial market. --- financial services. --- financial technology. --- sustainable finance. --- securities. --- digitisation. --- UE/CE Droit --- EU law. --- UE/CE Etats membres --- EU Member State. --- členský stát EU --- države članice EU-a --- țări ale UE --- Stat Membru tal-UE --- Shtetet Anëtare të BE-së --- EU-tagállam --- państwo członkowskie UE --- État membre UE --- Stato membro UE --- EU-medlemsstat --- štáty EÚ --- Mitgliedstaat der EU --- država članica EU --- земља ЕУ --- Estado-Membro UE --- κράτος μέλος ΕΕ --- ES dalībvalsts --- medlemsstat i EU --- ELi riigid --- EU:n jäsenvaltio --- държави от Европейския съюз --- ES valstybė narė --- EU-lidstaat --- Estado miembro UE --- Ballstát den Aontas Eorpach --- земји членки на ЕУ --- krajiny EÚ --- EG-land --- EK valsts --- země ES --- Mitgliedsland der Europäischen Union --- paese dell'Unione europea --- pays CE --- κράτος μέλος της ΕΕ --- země Evropské unie --- krajiny Európskej únie --- Mitgliedsland der Europäischen Gemeinschaften --- EG-Land --- χώρα ΕΕ --- países CE --- kraje UE --- Euroopan unionin maat --- земји членки на Европската Заедница --- ELi liikmesriik --- država EU --- pays de l'Union européenne --- země Evropských společenství --- EU-Staat --- EK-tagország --- земји од ЕУ --- vend i KE-së --- land i Det Europæiske Fællesskab --- χώρα ΕΚ --- Estado miembro de la UE --- EÜ riik --- paese CE --- EU country --- país UE --- Europos Bendrijos šalis --- ES šalis --- European Community country --- земји од ЕЗ --- ES valsts --- Estado-Membro da União Europeia --- štáty Európskej únie --- ELi riik --- państwo UE --- EG-medlemsstat --- EC country --- Euroopa Liidu riik --- European Union country --- Mitgliedstaat der Europäischen Union --- paese della Comunità europea --- pays UE --- vend i Bashkimit Europian --- země EU --- EU-maat --- EU-ország --- EU-tagország --- land i Europeiska gemenskapen --- zemlje članice EU-a --- país de la UE --- países da União Europeia --- vend i BE-së --- vend i Komunitetit Europian --- land i Europeiska unionen --- EU-stat --- stat membru al Comunității Europene --- EF-land --- stat membru al Uniunii Europene --- EG-stat --- países de la Unión Europea --- az Európai Unió tagállama --- landen van de Europese Gemeenschappen --- krajiny Európskych spoločenstiev --- Europos Sąjungos šalis --- EU:n jäsenmaat --- Euroopa Ühenduse riik --- Eiropas Savienības valsts --- EU-land --- Stato membro dell'UE --- lidstaten van de Europese Unie --- paese UE --- landen van de EG --- EU-Land --- pays de la Communauté européenne --- țări membre ale Comunității Europene --- países de la Comunidad Europea --- EK-tagállam --- land i Den Europæiske Union --- Eiropas Kopienas valstis --- az Európai Közösségek tagállama --- EB šalis --- pravo EU-a --- ES tiesības --- право ЕУ --- pravo EU --- prawo unijne --- EU-ret --- δίκαιο της ΕΕ --- právo EU --- dlí an Aontais Eorpaigh --- diritto dell'UE --- e drejta e BE-së --- uniós jog --- Derecho de la UE --- unionin oikeus --- droit de l'UE --- EU-Recht --- EU-recht --- ES teisė --- právo EÚ --- legislația UE --- direito da UE --- право на ЕУ --- EU-rätt --- ELi õigus --- liġi tal-UE --- право на ЕС --- pravo Europske unije --- právo Spoločenstva --- normativa comunitaria --- drept comunitar --- diritto europeo --- e drejtë e Bashkimit Europian --- droit de l'Union européenne --- право на Европската заедница --- κοινοτικό δίκαιο --- droit européen --- evropské právo --- réglementation communautaire --- EG-förordningar --- pravo Evropske unije --- direito da União Europeia --- Europos Sąjungos teisė --- uniós jogszabályok --- Euroopa Liidu õigus --- Kopienas noteikumi --- europeisk rätt --- communautaire wetgeving --- Community law --- drept european --- Eurooppa-oikeus --- δίκαιο της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης --- nariadenia Spoločenstva --- legislația Uniunii Europene --- právo Evropské unie --- reglementări comunitare --- Euroopa Ühenduse õigus --- regulamentação comunitária --- prawo Unii Europejskiej --- közösségi jogszabályok --- Community regulations --- fællesskabsbestemmelser --- ευρωπαϊκό Δίκαιο --- právo ES --- European Union law --- Derecho comunitario --- európai uniós jogszabályok --- liġi tal-Unjoni Ewropea --- communautair recht --- yhteisön asetukset --- közösségi rendeletek --- gemenskapsrätt --- az Európai Unió joga --- Derecho europeo --- регулативи на Заедницата --- europsko pravo --- droit communautaire --- direito comunitário --- európai jog --- diritto comunitario --- legislazione comunitaria --- право на ЕЗ --- recht van de Europese Unie --- fællesskabsregler --- Europäisches Recht --- Recht der Europäischen Union --- Bendrijos teisė --- közösségi jog --- EU-jog --- Eiropas Savienības tiesības --- právo Unie --- Derecho de la Unión Europea --- Euroopan unionin oikeus --- право Заједнице --- Gesetzgebung der Gemeinschaft --- EF-ret --- pravo Zajednice --- prawo wspólnotowe --- yhteisön oikeus --- fællesskabsret --- norme comunitarie --- право на Европските заедници --- EG-rätt --- Europees recht --- communautaire voorschriften --- direito europeu --- европско право --- právo Európskej únie --- Право на Общността --- disposizioni comunitarie --- κοινοτική νομοθεσία --- reglamentación comunitaria --- Gemeinschaftsrecht --- право на Европейския съюз --- komunitární právo --- az EU joga --- Kopienas tiesības --- Bendrijos reglamentai --- regolamentazione comunitaria --- európske právo --- communautaire rechtsorde --- legislativa EU --- European law --- право на Европската Унија --- pravo Skupnosti --- Euroopa õigus --- EU:n oikeus --- ühenduse õigus --- diritto dell'Unione europea --- право Уније --- EG-recht --- pravni propisi Europske unije --- Europos teisė --- digitalização --- digitiú --- digitalisointi --- дигитализација --- numérisation --- digitalisering --- skaitmeninimas --- digitaliziranje --- ciparošana --- digitalizácia --- digitalizace dokumentů --- digitalizacja --- diġitalizzazzjoni --- дигитализация --- numerizzazione --- digitalizare --- ψηφιοποίηση --- digjitalizim --- Digitalisierung --- digitalización --- digitalizálás --- digiteerimine --- digitalizacija --- skaitmeninis keitimas --- digitalisation --- numerizzazzjoni --- digitalizzazione --- transformace dat --- digitalizace dat --- cenné papiere --- papiery wartościowe --- valori mobiliare --- urrúis --- værdipapir --- värdepapper --- effecten --- cenné papíry --- vertybiniai popieriai --- Wertpapier --- vrednostni papirji --- κινητές αξίες --- väärtpaberid --- értékpapír --- titolu trasferibbli --- ценни книжа --- хартије од вредности --- valores mobiliários --- хартии од вредност --- valeur mobilière --- valore mobiliare --- valor mobiliario --- letra me vlerë --- arvopaperi --- vērtspapīri --- vrijednosni papiri --- título negociável --- zbywalne papiery wartościowe --- prenosivi vrijednosni papir --- transferable security --- prevoditeľný cenný papier --- valor transferible --- pārvedams vērtspapīrs --- omsætteligt værdipapir --- verhandelbaar effect --- übertragbares Wertpapier --- átruházható értékpapír --- прехвърлима ценна книга --- urrús inaistrithe --- título-valor --- título transmissível --- vabalt võõrandatav väärtpaber --- Effekten --- prenosljiv vrednostni papir --- valeur mobilière négociable --- siirtokelpoinen arvopaperi --- perleidžiamieji vertybiniai popieriai --- services financiers --- finansielle tjenesteydelser --- shërbime financiare --- servicii financiare --- rahoituspalvelut --- servicios financieros --- servizi finanziari --- finansinės paslaugos --- finančne storitve --- finantsteenused --- financiële diensten --- χρηματοπιστωτικές υπηρεσίες --- finančné služby --- financijske usluge --- финансиски услуги --- seirbhísí airgeadais --- финансијске услуге --- serviços financeiros --- usługi finansowe --- finansiella tjänster --- servizzi finanzjarji --- finanční služby --- финансови услуги --- finanšu pakalpojumi --- pénzügyi szolgáltatások --- Finanzdienstleistungen --- finanzi sostenibbli --- duurzame financiering --- финансиране за устойчиво развитие --- kestlik rahandus --- finanza sostenibile --- fenntartható finanszírozás --- održivo financiranje --- trajnostno financiranje --- udržateľné financovanie --- finanțare durabilă --- financiación sostenible --- ilgtspējīgs finansējums --- zrównoważone finansowanie --- kestävä rahoitus --- nachhaltiges Finanzwesen --- financiamento sustentável --- βιώσιμη χρηματοδότηση --- tvarus finansavimas --- finance durable --- hållbar finansiering --- bæredygtig finansiering --- udržitelné financování --- financiación de la lucha contra el cambio climático --- klimafinansiering --- financiamento climático --- financiación por el clima --- kovos su klimato kaita finansavimas --- klimatfinansējums --- financiranje borbe protiv klimatskih promjena --- финансиране на борбата с изменението на климата --- podnebno financiranje --- financování opatření v oblasti klimatu --- finanțarea combaterii schimbărilor climatice --- finanzjament għall-klima --- finansowanie działań związanych z klimatem --- finanziamenti per il clima --- ilmastorahoitus --- financement de la lutte contre le changement climatique --- χρηματοδότηση για το κλίμα --- Finanzierung von Klimaschutzmaßnahmen --- kliimarahastus --- az éghajlatváltozás elleni küzdelem finanszírozása --- financovanie opatrení v oblasti zmeny klímy --- klimaatfinanciering --- χρηματοοικονομική τεχνολογία --- финансови технологии --- finančna tehnologija --- finansinė technologija --- technologie financière --- finansiel teknologi --- tecnología financiera --- financiële technologie --- teknoloġija finanzjarja --- finančné technológie --- technologia finansowa --- tecnologia financeira --- Finanztechnologie --- finansteknik --- pénzügyi technológia --- financijska tehnologija --- finantstehnoloogia --- teicneolaíocht airgeadais --- rahoitusteknologia --- tecnologia finanziaria --- finanšu tehnoloģija --- tehnologie financiară --- finanční technologie --- finanssiteknologia --- finansteknologi --- fintech --- FT --- FinTech --- finansų rinka --- mercado financeiro --- treg financiar --- finansmarknad --- piață financiară --- финансиски пазар --- mercato finanziario --- Finanzmarkt --- rynek finansowy --- finansielt marked --- financijsko tržište --- finanšu tirgus --- πιστωτική αγορά --- pénzügyi piac --- finanční trh --- rahoitusmarkkinat --- geldmarkt --- marché financier --- margadh airgeadais --- finančni trg --- suq finanzjarju --- finantsturg --- финансов пазар --- финансијско тржиште --- finančný trh --- mercado financiero --- kansainväliset rahoitusmarkkinat --- διεθνής πιστωτική αγορά --- piață financiară internațională --- penge- og kapitalmarked --- treg financiar ndërkombëtar --- pénzügyi tevékenység --- finantsmajanduslik tegevus --- medzinárodný finančný trh --- finanšu darbība --- activitate financiară --- aktivitet financiar --- internationaler Finanzmarkt --- rahvusvaheline finantsturg --- piață de valori mobiliare --- trh cenných papírů --- меѓународен финансиски пазар --- internationell finansmarknad --- financiële activiteit --- vertybinių popierių rinka --- finansiell verksamhet --- mercado de valores --- mezinárodní finanční trh --- finansiel aktivitet --- trh cennými papíry --- financial activity --- финансиска активност --- actividad financiera --- finansinė veikla --- arvopaperimarkkinat --- securities market --- marché financier international --- treg i letrave me vlerë --- internationale geldmarkt --- atividade financeira --- Finanztätigkeit --- väärtpaberiturg --- međunarodno financijsko tržište --- kreditmarked --- finansiell marknad --- mercato finanziario internazionale --- activité financière --- tarptautinė finansų rinka --- vērtspapīru tirgus --- trh s cennými papiermi --- starptautiskais finanšu tirgus --- χρηματοοικονομική δραστηριότητα --- mercado financeiro internacional --- nemzetközi pénzügyi piac --- attività finanziaria --- international financial market --- mercado financiero internacional --- rahoitustoiminta --- értékpapírpiac --- marché unique numérique --- цифров единен пазар --- jednolity rynek cyfrowy --- mercato unico digitale --- digitális egységes piac --- jednotný digitální trh --- digitálny jednotný trh --- margadh aonair digiteach --- Piața unică digitală --- jedinstveno digitalno tržište --- digitalt indre marked --- digitale eengemaakte markt --- digitaaliset sisämarkkinat --- digitālais vienotais tirgus --- bendroji skaitmeninė rinka --- digitaler Binnenmarkt --- digitaalne ühtne turg --- suq uniku diġitali --- е-јединствено тржиште --- mercado único digital --- digital inre marknad --- enotni digitalni trg --- Ψηφιακή ενιαία αγορά --- marché unique des contenus numériques --- ríomh-mhargadh aonair --- MUD --- digitální agenda --- Програма в областта на цифровите технологии --- digital dagsorden --- Jednolity rynek internetowy --- marché unique électronique --- digitalna agenda za Europu --- digitale agenda --- jednotný trh s digitálnym obsahom --- mercado único de contenidos digitales --- digitale Agenda --- agenda digital --- ЦЕП --- det indre onlinemarked --- inre e-marknad --- επιγραμμική ενιαία αγορά --- електронен единен пазар --- jednolity rynek treści cyfrowych --- verkkokaupan yhtenäismarkkinat --- inre marknad för digitalt innehåll --- jednotný trh s digitálním obsahem --- пазар на цифрово съдържание --- mercato unico elettronico --- margadh aonair le haghaidh inneachar digiteach --- digitalna agenda --- mercado único electrónico --- BSR --- eengemaakte markt voor e-diensten --- elektronický jednotný trh --- digital agenda --- tiešsaistes vienotais tirgus --- agenda digitale --- piața unică online --- дигитална агенда ЕУ --- marché unique du numérique --- estratégia digital --- digitalni program za Europu --- mercado único online --- ψηφιακό θεματολόγιο --- enotni spletni trg --- e. bendroji rinka --- eengemaakte digitale markt --- marché unique en ligne --- a digitális tartalmak egységes piaca --- онлайн единен пазар --- JDT --- indre marked for digitalt indhold --- digitaalistrategia --- mercado único eletrónico --- eengemaakte markt voor digitale inhoud --- DJT --- mercado único de conteúdos digitais --- mercato unico online --- bendroji internetinė rinka --- elektronischer Binnenmarkt --- DAE --- jedinstveno e-tržište --- jedinstveno tržište na internetu --- agenda cyfrowa --- mercado único en línea --- digitalizācijas programma --- single market for digital content --- jednolity rynek online --- an clár oibre digiteach --- elektroniskais vienotais tirgus --- piața unică electronică --- mercado único em linha --- ενιαία ηλεκτρονική αγορά --- jednotný trh online --- e-single market --- ενιαία ψηφιακή αγορά --- aġenda diġitali --- digitaalisten sisältöjen sisämarkkinat --- suq uniku online --- agenda digitală --- suq uniku elettroniku --- DSM --- enotni trg digitalnih vsebin --- margadh aonair ar líne --- det indre marked for elektroniske tjenester --- skaitmeninė darbotvarkė --- stratégie numérique --- online single market --- digitálna agenda --- európai digitális menetrend --- sähköiset sisämarkkinat