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Image segmentation consists of dividing an image domain into disjoint regions according to a characterization of the image within or in-between the regions. Therefore, segmenting an image is to divide its domain into relevant components. The efficient solution of the key problems in image segmentation promises to enable a rich array of useful applications. The current major application areas include robotics, medical image analysis, remote sensing, scene understanding, and image database retrieval. The subject of this book is image segmentation by variational methods with a focus on formulations which use closed regular plane curves to define the segmentation regions and on a level set implementation of the corresponding active curve evolution algorithms. Each method is developed from an objective functional which embeds constraints on both the image domain partition of the segmentation and the image data within or in-between the partition regions. The necessary conditions to optimize the objective functional are then derived and solved numerically. The book covers, within the active curve and level set formalism, the basic two-region segmentation methods, multiregion extensions, region merging, image modeling, and motion based segmentation. To treat various important classes of images, modeling investigates several parametric distributions such as the Gaussian, Gamma, Weibull, and Wishart. It also investigates non-parametric models. In motion segmentation, both optical flow and the movement of real three-dimensional objects are studied.

Geometric measure theory. --- Image processing -- Digital techniques -- Mathematics. --- Image segmentation --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Electrical Engineering --- Telecommunications --- Applied Physics --- Mathematics --- Image processing --- Level set methods. --- Digital techniques. --- Mathematics. --- Level sets (Mathematics) --- Osher-Sethian level set methods --- Sethian level set methods, Osher --- -Digital image processing --- Engineering. --- Image processing. --- Signal, Image and Speech Processing. --- Image Processing and Computer Vision. --- -Interfaces (Physical sciences) --- Digital image processing --- Digital electronics --- Computer vision. --- Machine vision --- Vision, Computer --- Artificial intelligence --- Pattern recognition systems --- Signal processing. --- Speech processing systems. --- Optical data processing. --- Optical computing --- Visual data processing --- Bionics --- Electronic data processing --- Integrated optics --- Photonics --- Computers --- Computational linguistics --- Electronic systems --- Information theory --- Modulation theory --- Oral communication --- Speech --- Telecommunication --- Singing voice synthesizers --- Pictorial data processing --- Picture processing --- Processing, Image --- Imaging systems --- Optical data processing --- Processing, Signal --- Information measurement --- Signal theory (Telecommunication) --- Optical equipment

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This monograph is devoted to the study of Eulerian models for fluid-structure interaction from the original point of view of level set methods. In the last 15 years, Eulerian models have become popular tools for studying fluid-structure interaction problems. One major advantage compared to more conventional methods such as ALE methods is that they allow the use of a single grid and a single discretization method for the different media. Level set methods in addition provide a general framework to follow the fluid-solid interfaces, to represent the elastic stresses of solids, and to model the contact forces between solids. This book offers a combination of mathematical modeling, aspects of numerical analysis, elementary codes and numerical illustrations, providing the reader with insights into the applications and performance of these models. Assuming background at the level of a Master’s degree, Level Set Methods for Fluid-Structure Interaction provides researchers in the fields of numerical analysis of PDEs, theoretical and computational mechanics with a basic reference on the topic. Its pedagogical style and organization make it particularly suitable for graduate students and young researchers.

Fluid-structure interaction. --- Level set methods. --- Level sets (Mathematics) --- Osher-Sethian level set methods --- Sethian level set methods, Osher --- -Interfaces (Physical sciences) --- Structure-fluid interaction --- Fluid dynamics --- Structural dynamics --- Mathematics --- Models matemàtics --- Mecànica dels medis continus --- Anàlisi numèrica --- Mètodes numèrics --- Algorismes --- Anàlisi matemàtica --- Teoria de l'aproximació --- Anàlisi d'error (Matemàtica) --- Anàlisi d'intervals (Matemàtica) --- Càlculs numèrics --- Equacions diferencials estocàstiques --- Integració numèrica --- Interpolació (Matemàtica) --- Mètodes de Galerkin --- Mètode de Montecarlo --- Mètode dels elements finits --- Mètodes iteratius (Matemàtica) --- Nomografia (Matemàtica) --- Rutes aleatòries (Matemàtica) --- Solucions numèriques --- Mecànica contínua --- Mecànica del continu --- Elasticitat --- Mecànica analítica --- Acústica --- Mecànica de fluids --- Sòlids elàstics --- Termoelasticitat --- Viscoelasticitat --- Teoria de camps (Física) --- Models (Matemàtica) --- Models experimentals --- Models teòrics --- Mètodes de simulació --- Anàlisi de sistemes --- Modelització multiescala --- Models economètrics --- Models lineals (Estadística) --- Models multinivell (Estadística) --- Models no lineals (Estadística) --- Programació (Ordinadors) --- Simulació per ordinador --- Teoria de màquines --- Models biològics --- Mathematical models. --- Continuum mechanics. --- Numerical analysis. --- Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics. --- Continuum Mechanics. --- Numerical Analysis. --- Computational Science and Engineering. --- Data processing. --- Mathematical analysis --- Mechanics of continua --- Elasticity --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Field theory (Physics) --- Models, Mathematical --- Simulation methods --- Anàlisi numèrica.

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Due to the ever-expanding applications of micro/nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS/MEMS) as sensors and actuators, interest in their development has rapidly expanded over the past decade. Encompassing various excitation and readout schemes, the MEMS/NEMS devices transduce physical parameter changes, such as temperature, mass or stress, caused by changes in desired measurands, to electrical signals that can be further processed. Some common examples of NEMS/MEMS sensors include pressure sensors, accelerometers, magnetic field sensors, microphones, radiation sensors, and particulate matter sensors. Despite a long history of development, fabrication of novel MEMS/NEMS devices still poses unique challenges due to their requirement for a suspended geometry; and many new fabrication techniques have been proposed to overcome these challenges. However, further development of these techniques is still necessary, as newer materials such as compound semiconductors, and 2-dimensional materials are finding their way in various MEMS/NEMS applications, with more complex structures and potentially smaller dimensions.

vibrating ring gyroscope --- n/a --- tunnel magnetoresistive effect --- optical sensor --- micro-NIR spectrometer --- pulse inertia force --- gas sensor --- wet etching --- oil detection --- glass welding --- spring design --- power consumption --- MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical system) --- back cavity --- deflection position detector --- magnetic --- MEMS --- single-layer SiO2 --- frequency tuning --- threshold accuracy --- suspended micro hotplate --- AlGaN/GaN circular HFETs --- quadrature modulation signal --- inertial switch --- nanoparticle sensor --- low noise --- photonic crystal nanobeam cavity --- floating slug --- infrared image --- backstepping approach --- microdroplet --- acceleration switch --- microgyroscope --- temperature uniformity --- methane --- microfluidic --- accelerometer design --- photonic crystal cavity --- anisotropy --- resonant frequency --- dual-mass MEMS gyroscope --- analytical model --- single crystal silicon --- temperature sensor --- micro fluidic --- refractive index sensor --- microwave measurement --- low zero-g offset --- femtosecond laser --- micropellistor --- rapid fabrication --- accelerometer --- tracking performance --- GaN diaphragm --- microactuator --- resistance parameter --- optomechanical sensor --- scanning grating mirror --- GaAs MMIC --- adaptive control --- frequency split --- frequency mismatch --- electrostatic force feedback --- thermoelectric power sensor --- squeeze-film damping --- silicon --- wideband --- Accelerometer readout --- bonding strength --- high temperature pressure sensors --- 3D simulation --- level-set method --- tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH)