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In de gerechtelijke jeugdbescherming valt de laatste jaren een stijgend aantal vorderingen en opgelegde maatregelen te noteren, zowel in zaken met betrekking tot problematische opvoedingssituaties (POS) als jeugddelinquentie (MOF). Deze toename is deels het gevolg van een groeiende instroom van minderjarigen. Daarnaast zijn ook de beslissingen van parketmagistraten en jeugdrechters in de verschillende fases van de gerechtelijke procedure van groot belang. En juist over de manier waarop deze beslissingen tot stand komen, is weinig gekend. In Het beleid van de jeugdmagistraat onderzoeken de auteurs welke factoren een rol spelen in het beslissingsproces van parketmagistraten en jeugdrechters. Niet alleen bewuste, rationele overwegingen worden daarbij in kaart gebracht. Dit boek biedt een breed overzicht van de vele juridische, psychosociale en menselijke factoren die van invloed zijn op het nemen van belangrijke beslissingen over het leven van een kind of een jongere. De conclusies en aanbevelingen van de auteurs zijn van groot belang voor en toepasbaar in zowel de rechtspraktijk als het jongerenwelzijnswerk.
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Raised in a comfortable Dallas suburb, Mark Dostert crossed cultural and socioeconomic boundaries as a college student by volunteering as a counselor at the Cook County Juvenile Temporary Detention Center, Chicago's infamous 500-cell juvenile jail, known locally as the Audy Home. Inmates there had been indicted on first-degree murder, rape, and carjacking charges, yet some enthusiastically met with him for weekly Bible-based lessons and discussions. Dostert formed friendly relationships with his students and envisioned becoming an even closer mentor to the legally troubled boys when he became
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Bitumen was what its name suggested. There was soft coal and smoke everywhere. Each day the clothes on the line were flecked with black. The buildings had the dull, dingy look which soot alone can give. The houses sagged on either side of narrow, unpaved streets, where during a rainy period ducks clattered about with their broods, and a few portly pigs led their shoats for a mud bath.
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The pernicious and damaging effects of incarcerating juveniles has long been a topic of concern and controversy for reform groups, policy makers, childcare practitioners and academics; such concerns are doubly compounded where the mental health needs of the confined young person are in question. Yet, while there is a considerable scholarly literature on the history of juvenile delinquency and juvenile justice systems more broadly, there have been few substantial treatments of the institutional detention of juveniles in the modern era outside of official and non-official inquiries into historical allegations of child abuse. Equally, aside from a small number of highly focused studies, there is a paucity of scholarly research on the history of the mental health of juveniles in secure settings. Here, I detail the change in our understanding of the juvenile offender from that of a degraded if redeemable moral agent in the nineteenth century to our current conception of the detained youth as a figure marked by psychiatric morbidity, behavioural disturbance and complex needs. One of my central findings is that the context of institutional confinement itself has been an essential factor in the long-term psychiatric pathologisation of detained juveniles. This framed the scale, manner and context of their frequent group conceptualisation as potentially dangerous and uniquely debilitated by psychiatric morbidity. This is not to argue that the presence of trauma and psychiatric morbidity amongst juveniles in custody is simply a historical construct. Nor is it an argument that the use of psychiatry for detained youths merely constituted yet another instance of factitious medical labeling for the purposes of social control. Rather I suggest that, historically at least, the deployment of psychiatric diagnoses and treatment facilities within the youth secure estate has often primarily served institutional or political needs rather than the needs of juveniles in custody.
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This research/analysis focuses on an empirical analysis of the practical criminal law and the success of suspended sentence. The foundation of the research form data sets from the Bundeszentralregister and the Erziehungsregister. About 120.000 German data sets of stayed prison sentences and stayed young offender sentences are analyzed under the following aspects: the sentence received and if the delinquent reoffends in a period of four years after their sanction. Characteristics of age, gender, nationality and perhaps an existing penal background as well as possible probation service are part of the analysis. Also discussed are connections between relapse and the revocation of the parole. Another chapter deals with the success of the suspended sentences compared to other penalties, i.e. fines and prison sentences up to two years. Die Untersuchung befasst sich mit einer empirischen Analyse der Strafrechtspraxis und des Erfolges von Verurteilungen zu ausgesetzten Freiheits- und Jugendstrafen, den sog. Bewährungsstrafen. Sie widmet sich damit einem Kernstück des modernen Strafrechts. Auf der Grundlage von Datensätzen aus dem Bundeszentral- und Erziehungsregister werden rund 120.000 zu aussetzungsfähigen Freiheits- oder Jugendstrafen Verurteilte aus dem gesamten Bundesgebiet hinsichtlich ihrer konkreten Sanktionierung im Bezugsjahr und einer etwaigen erneuten Straffälligkeit in einem vierjährigen Folgezeitraum untersucht. Besonderheiten hinsichtlich des Alters, des Geschlechts, der Nationalität und der im Register abgebildeten strafrechtlichen Vorgeschichte der Täter werden analysiert, ebenso eine etwaige Unterstellung unter Bewährungshilfe. Vortaten, Bezugstaten und Rückfalltaten werden delikts- und sanktionsspezifisch ausgewertet. Auch nach etwaigen Zusammenhängen zwischen Rückfall und Widerruf der Strafaussetzun.
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Bem mais que um relato sobre ultra-sonografia fetal em mulheres de camadas médias do Rio de Janeiro, a obra propõe uma reflexão refinada sobre o papel da tecnologia médica na (re)definição do corpo e da própria realidade em que vivemos. Os resultados, apresentados, contribuem para o debate sobre a construção do feto como pessoa mediada pela tecnologia de imagem.
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In 1993 Terrie Moffitt offered a developmental taxonomy of delinquency that proposed three distinct types of juveniles: Life-course-persistent offenders, Adolescence-limited offenders, and Abstainers. Saunders tests both Moffittâ€TMs theory and the modeling methodologies and statistical software that have been used to test it. Saunders finds that group-based trajectory modeling technique is insufficient in capturing the hypothetical subpopulations specified by Moffittâ€TMs theory. Findings were mixed with respect to Moffittâ€TMs hypotheses about the development of delinquency and its causes and c
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