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The book examines the growing tension between social movements that embrace egalitarian and inclusivist views of national and global politics, most notably classical liberalism, and those that advance social hierarchy and national exclusivism, such as neoliberalism, neoconservatism, and national populism. In exploring issues relating to tensions and conflicts around globalization, the book identifies historical patterns of convergence and divergence rooted in the monotheistic traditions, beginning with the ancient Israelites that dominated the Near East during the Axial age, through Islamic civilization, and finally by considering the idealism-realism tensions in modern times. One thing remained constant throughout the various historical stages that preceded our current moment of global convergence: a recurring tension between transcendental idealism and various forms of realism. Transcendental idealism, which prioritize egalitarian and universal values, pushed periodically against the forces of realism that privilege established law and power structure. Equipped with the idealism-realism framework, the book examines the consequences of European realism that justified the imperialistic venture into Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America in the name of liberation and liberalization. The ill-conceived strategy has, ironically, engendered the very dysfunctional societies that produce the waves of immigrants in constant motion from the South to the North, simultaneously as it fostered the social hierarchy that transfer external tensions into identity politics within the countries of the North. The book focuses particularly on the role played historically by Islamic rationalism in translating the monotheistic egalitarian outlook into the institutions of religious pluralism, legislative and legal autonomy, and scientific enterprise at the foundation of modern society. It concludes by shedding light on the significance of the Muslim presence in Western cultures as humanity draws slowly but consistently towards what we may come to recognize as the Global Age. The Open Access version of this book, available at http: /www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781003203360, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Globalization --- Religious aspects --- Islam. --- Abrahamic Traditions --- modern Islamic Thought --- Routledge Open History

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Women's movements in Islamic countries have had a long and arduous journey in their quest for the realization of human rights and genuine equality. The author examines whether discriminatory laws against women do in fact originate from Islam and, ultimately, if there is any interpretation of Islam compatible with gender equality. She investigates women's rights in Iran since the 1979 Revolution from the perspectives of the main currents of Islamic thought, fundamentalists, reformists, and seculars, using a sociological explanation.

Equality --- Civil rights --- Religious aspects --- Islam. --- Basic rights --- Civil liberties --- Constitutional rights --- Fundamental rights --- Rights, Civil --- Constitutional law --- Human rights --- Political persecution --- Equality (Islam) --- Law and legislation --- globalization --- Islamic thought streams: fundamentalist --- reformist and secularist --- women's rights --- Islamic thought streams --- fundamentalist --- reformist and secularist women’s rights globalization --- Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women --- Fiqh --- God in Islam --- Quran --- Sharia --- Women's rights

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Islamic thought --- science --- technology --- Islamic religious education --- Islamic religious education. --- Indonesia. --- Muslim religious education --- Religious education, Islamic --- Islamic education --- Religious education --- Endonèsie --- Indanezii︠a︡ --- Indonesië --- Indonesya --- Indonezia --- Indonezii︠a︡ --- Indonezija --- İndoneziya --- İndoneziya Respublikası --- Indūnīsīyā --- Induonezėjė --- Jumhūrīyah Indūnīsīyā --- PDRI --- Pemerintah Darurat Republik Indonesia --- R.I. --- Republic of Indonesia --- Republic of the United States of Indonesia --- Republica d'Indonesia --- Republiek van Indonesië --- Republik Indonesia --- Republik Indonesia Serikat --- Republika Indonezii︠a︡ --- Republika Indonezija --- Rėspublika Indanezii︠a︡ --- RI --- United States of Indonesia --- Yinni --- Indonesia --- Dutch East Indies --- Indanezii͡ --- Indonesi --- Indonezii͡ --- Indūnīsīy --- Induonezėj --- Jumhūrīyah Indūnīsīy --- Republiek van Indonesi --- Republika Indonezii͡ --- Rėspublika Indanezii͡ --- Indoneshia --- Indoneshia Kyōwakoku --- islamic thought --- Dutch East Indies (Territory under Japanese occupation, 1942-1945)

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This book contains an edition-with an extensive introduction, translation and commentary-of The Light of the World, a text on theoretical astronomy by Joseph Ibn Nahmias, composed in Judeo-Arabic around 1400 C.E. in the Iberian Peninsula. As the only text on theoretical astronomy written by a Jew in any variety of Arabic, this work is evidence for a continuing relationship between Jewish and Islamic thought in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries. The text's most lasting effect may have been exerted via its passage to Renaissance Italy, where it influenced scholars at the University of Padua in the early sixteenth century. With its crucial role in the development of European astronomy, as well as the physical sciences under Islam and in Jewish culture, The Light of the World is an important episode in Islamic intellectual history, Jewish civilization, and the history of astronomy.

Muslims --- Jews --- Jewish astronomy. --- Astronomy, Medieval. --- Astronomy --- Medieval astronomy --- Astronomy, Jewish --- Hebrew astronomy --- Hebrews --- Israelites --- Jewish people --- Jewry --- Judaic people --- Judaists --- Ethnology --- Religious adherents --- Semites --- Judaism --- Mohammedans --- Moors (People) --- Moslems --- Muhammadans --- Musalmans --- Mussalmans --- Mussulmans --- Mussulmen --- Islam --- Intellectual life --- Astronomy, Medieval --- Jewish astronomy --- 1300-1399 --- Spain. --- Espagne --- Espainiako Erresuma --- España --- Espanha --- Espanja --- Espanya --- Estado Español --- Hispania --- Hiszpania --- Isupania --- Kingdom of Spain --- Regne d'Espanya --- Reiaume d'Espanha --- Reino de España --- Reino d'Espanya --- Reinu d'España --- Sefarad --- Sepharad --- Shpanie --- Shpanye --- Spanien --- Spanish State --- Supein --- Astronomy - Early works to 1800 --- Jews - Spain - Intellectual life - 14th century --- Muslims - Spain - Intellectual life - 14th century --- ancient astronomy. --- astronomers. --- astronomy. --- early astronomy. --- european astronomy. --- history of astronomy. --- history of european astronomy. --- islamic culture. --- islamic history. --- islamic intellectual history. --- islamic thought in the 14th century. --- jewish civilization. --- jewish culture. --- jewish history. --- jewish studies. --- jewish thought in the 14th century. --- judeo arabic astronomy. --- physical sciences. --- planetary exploration. --- scientists. --- theoretical astronomy.

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