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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

visual language --- sign language --- Gestures --- multimodal communication --- compositionality --- Visual prosody --- language acquisition --- Multimodal representation

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Offering a broad perspective of the philosophy, theory, and aesthetics of early Indian music and musical ideology, this study makes a unique contribution to our knowledge of the ancient foundations of India's musical culture. Lewis Rowell reconstructs the tunings, scales, modes, rhythms, gestures, formal patterns, and genres of Indian music from Vedic times to the thirteenth century, presenting not so much a history as a thematic analysis and interpretation of India's magnificent musical heritage. In Indian culture, music forms an integral part of a broad framework of ideas that includes philosophy, cosmology, religion, literature, and science. Rowell works with the known theoretical treatises and the oral tradition in an effort to place the technical details of musical practice in their full cultural context. Many "ations from the original Sanskrit appear here in English translation for the first time, and the necessary technical information is presented in terms accessible to the nonspecialist. These features, combined with Rowell's glossary of Sanskrit terms and extensive bibliography, make Music and Musical Thought in Early India an excellent introduction for the general reader and an indispensable reference for ethnomusicologists, historical musicologists, music theorists, and Indologists.

Music theory --- Music --- Theory --- music, musical, india, indian, philosophy, philosophical, theory, aesthetics, ideology, culture, cultural studies, tunings, scales, modes, rhythms, gestures, formal patterns, genres, heritage, cosmology, religion, religious, literature, literary, science, oral tradition, sanskrit, ethnomusicology, musicology, sound, tempo, republic, country, national, historical, history, pitch, timing, songs.

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Elephants have fascinated humans for millennia. Aristotle wrote of them with awe; Hannibal used them in warfare; and John Donne called the elephant "Nature's greatest masterpiece. . . . The only harmless great thing." Their ivory has been sought after and treasured in most cultures, and they have delighted zoo and circus audiences worldwide for centuries. But it wasn't until the second half of the twentieth century that people started to take an interest in elephants in the wild, and some of the most important studies of these intelligent giants have been conducted at Amboseli National Park in Kenya. The Amboseli Elephants is the long-awaited summation of what's been learned from the Amboseli Elephant Research Project (AERP)-the longest continuously running elephant research project in the world. Cynthia J. Moss and Harvey Croze, the founders of the AERP, and Phyllis C. Lee, who has been closely involved with the project since 1982, compile more than three decades of uninterrupted study of over 2,500 individual elephants, from newborn calves to adult bulls to old matriarchs in their 60s. Chapters explore such topics as elephant ecosystems, genetics, communication, social behavior, and reproduction, as well as exciting new developments from the study of elephant minds and cognition. The book closes with a view to the future, making important arguments for the ethical treatment of elephants and suggestions to aid in their conservation. The most comprehensive account of elephants in their natural environment to date, The Amboseli Elephants will be an invaluable resource for scientists, conservationists, and anyone interested in the lives and loves of these extraordinary creatures.

African elephant --- Ecology --- Habitat --- Behavior --- Reproduction. --- elephant, elephants, mammals, animals, psychology, psychological, amboseli national park, kenya, kenyan, africa, african, ecosystems, genetics, communication, social behavior, reproduction, cognition, ethical treatment, conservation, natural environment, conservationists, ecology, kilimanjaro, human connection, ranging, habitat, maasai, longevity, independence, leadership, community, population, signals, gestures.

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To know anything in space (for instance, a line), I must draw it, and thus synthetically bring into being a determinate combination of the given manifold, so that the unity of this act is at the same time the unity of consciousness (as in the concept of a line); and it is through this unity of consciousness that an object (a determinate space) is first known.Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, B 138 (2007)

Mind and body --- Human beings --- Arts --- Arts audiences --- Attitude and movement --- Psychological aspects --- Psychology --- Mind and body. --- Attitude and movement. --- Psychological aspects. --- Psychology. --- Arts -- Psychological aspects. --- Arts audiences -- Psychology. --- Human beings -- Attitude and movement. --- Mental Processes --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms --- Culture --- Musculoskeletal Physiological Processes --- Kinesics --- Art --- Physiological Processes --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena --- Physiological Phenomena --- Nonverbal Communication --- Humanities --- Psychological Phenomena and Processes --- Anthropology, Cultural --- Communication --- Anthropology --- Phenomena and Processes --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena --- Behavior --- Social Sciences --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Mind-Body Relations, Metaphysical --- Human Body --- Movement --- Attitude --- Gestures --- Human beings - Attitude and movement --- Arts - Psychological aspects --- Arts audiences - Psychology --- Audiences --- Attitude and movement of human beings --- Erect position of human beings --- Equilibrium (Physiology) --- Human mechanics --- Posture --- Body and mind --- Body and soul (Philosophy) --- Human body --- Mind --- Mind-body connection --- Mind-body relations --- Mind-cure --- Somatopsychics --- Brain --- Dualism --- Philosophical anthropology --- Holistic medicine --- Mental healing --- Parousia (Philosophy) --- Phrenology --- Psychophysiology --- Self

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This Special Issue focused on novel vision-based approaches, mainly related to computer vision and machine learning, for the automatic analysis of human behaviour. We solicited submissions on the following topics: information theory-based pattern classification, biometric recognition, multimodal human analysis, low resolution human activity analysis, face analysis, abnormal behaviour analysis, unsupervised human analysis scenarios, 3D/4D human pose and shape estimation, human analysis in virtual/augmented reality, affective computing, social signal processing, personality computing, activity recognition, human tracking in the wild, and application of information-theoretic concepts for human behaviour analysis. In the end, 15 papers were accepted for this special issue. These papers, that are reviewed in this editorial, analyse human behaviour from the aforementioned perspectives, defining in most of the cases the state of the art in their corresponding field.

multi-objective evolutionary algorithms --- rule-based classifiers --- interpretable machine learning --- categorical data --- hand sign language --- deep learning --- restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) --- multi-modal --- profoundly deaf --- noisy image --- ensemble methods --- adaptive classifiers --- recurrent concepts --- concept drift --- stock price direction prediction --- toe-off detection --- gait event --- silhouettes difference --- convolutional neural network --- saliency detection --- foggy image --- spatial domain --- frequency domain --- object contour detection --- discrete stationary wavelet transform --- attention allocation --- attention behavior --- hybrid entropy --- information entropy --- single pixel single photon image acquisition --- time-of-flight --- action recognition --- fibromyalgia --- Learning Using Concave and Convex Kernels --- Empatica E4 --- self-reported survey --- speech emotion recognition --- 3D convolutional neural networks --- k-means clustering --- spectrograms --- context-aware framework --- accuracy --- false negative rate --- individual behavior estimation --- statistical-based time-frequency domain and crowd condition --- emotion recognition --- gestures --- body movements --- Kinect sensor --- neural networks --- face analysis --- face segmentation --- head pose estimation --- age classification --- gender classification --- singular point detection --- boundary segmentation --- blurring detection --- fingerprint image enhancement --- fingerprint quality --- speech --- committee of classifiers --- biometric recognition --- multimodal-based human identification --- privacy --- privacy-aware