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Maternal nutrition during pregnancy is of considerable interest to women, their partners and their health care professionals. In developing countries, maternal undernutrition is a major concern. However, with the increased prevalence of abundant high calorie diets, their impact upon pregnancy outcome is of concern. In addition to the amount of nutrition available and its macronutrient composition within a diet, there is emerging evidence highlighting important roles for the lesser studied micronutrients. Added to this complexity is the distinction between maternal and fetal nutrition and the impact the placenta plays in nutrient metabolism and overall nutrient supply to the fetus. Together, these many variables contribute to placental development and function, fetal growth, and, where placental/fetal nutrition and growth is compromised, through poor maternal diet, and/or diet induced alterations in placental metabolism, the impact is dramatic and can lead to lifelong implications for the offspring. This Special Issue book aims to highlight research in many of these areas.

Pregnancy --- Pregnant women --- Nutritional aspects. --- Weight gain.

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Body weight --- Metabolism --- Nutrition disorders --- Obesity. --- Weight Gain. --- Weight Loss. --- Weight Perception. --- Disorders

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Women --- Weight gain --- Obesity in women --- Gain of weight --- Gaining weight --- Body weight --- Health of women --- Health education of women --- Health and hygiene. --- Psychological aspects. --- Psychology. --- Mental health --- Hygiene --- Diseases

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Obesity --- Obesity. --- Adiposity --- Corpulence --- Fatness --- Overweight --- Obesity Management --- Body Weight --- Hyperphagia --- Weight Gain --- Bariatrics --- Body weight --- Metabolism --- Nutrition disorders --- Disorders

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The world is full of uncertainty. In unpredictable circumstances, can emotions facilitate advantageous decision-making? A neuroscience team, led by Antonio Damasio, explored this question using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). To the present day, the findings of numerous IGT-related investigations strongly influence clinical and interdisciplinary research, for example, in neuroeconomics and neuromarketing. This special issue examines IGT-based research progress over the past 20 years through literature reviews, clinical examinations, model construction, theoretical integration, and brain imaging technology. Both supportive and opposing viewpoints are provided to frame correlations between rationality, emotion, decision-making, and IGT. Potential future directions for IGT studies are discussed

emotion --- Iowa Gambling Task --- decision-making --- ventromedial prefrontal cortex --- gain-loss frequency --- reward & punishment --- rationality --- expected value --- somatic marker hypothesis