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Exceptional loads on buildings and structures are known to take origin and manifest from different causes, like natural hazards and possible high-strain dynamic effects, human-made attacks and impact issues for load-bearing components, possible accidents, and even unfavorable/extreme operational conditions. All these aspects can be critical for specific structural typologies and/or materials that are particularly sensitive to external conditions. In this regard, dedicated analysis methods and performance indicators are required for the design and maintenance under the expected lifetime. Typical issues and challenges can find huge efforts and clarification in research studies, which are able to address with experiments and/or numerical analyses the expected performance and capacity of a given structural system, with respect to demands. Accordingly, especially for existing structures or strategic buildings, the need for retrofit or mitigation of adverse effects suggests the definition of optimal and safe use of innovative materials, techniques, and procedures. This Special Issue follows the first successful edition and confirms the need of continuous research efforts in support of building design under extreme loads, with a list of original research papers focused on various key aspects of structural performance assessment for buildings and systems under exceptional design actions and operational conditions.

blast loads --- slab-column joints --- prediction model --- damage level --- progressive collapse --- steel beam-to-column connections --- catenary mechanism --- double-span assemblies --- stiffness degradation --- timber-to-timber composite (TCC) joints --- push-out (PO) test setup --- inclined self-tapping screws (STSs) --- finite-element (FE) method --- cohesive zone modelling (CZM) method --- boundaries --- friction --- sensitivity study --- prototype abutment --- non-destructive test --- surcharge load --- mode number --- scour --- steel truss --- roof structure --- partial collapse --- finite element analysis --- lightning strike --- cable-stayed bridge --- social disaster --- blast scenario --- blast analysis --- LS-DYNA --- balau wood --- cross-arm --- transmission tower --- bracing system --- creep --- findley’s power law model --- burger model --- top-seat angle connections (TSACW) --- component-based models --- initial stiffness --- ultimate moment capacity --- moment-rotation relation --- artificial neural network (ANN) --- sensitivity analysis (SA) --- reinforced concrete column --- multi-column pier --- seismic behavior --- lap-splice --- transverse reinforcement --- plastic hinge --- ductility --- bonded-in rod (BiR) connections --- adhesives --- fracture modes --- moisture --- experiments --- linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) --- analytical model --- aeroelastic experiments --- experimental uncertainty --- singular value decomposition --- correlation field --- cathedral --- foundation rehabilitation --- jacked-in piles --- soil injection --- cracks --- masonry --- differential equation of motion --- Legendre–Galerkin matrix (LGM) method --- algebraic polynomials --- single degree of freedom (SDOF) --- multi degree of freedom (MDOF) --- n/a --- findley's power law model --- Legendre-Galerkin matrix (LGM) method