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Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and its extensions have become revolutionary tools in the fields of physics, materials science, chemistry, and biology. These new microscopies have evolved from their beginnings asresearch aids to their current use as commercial tools in the laboratory and on the factory floor. New wonders continue to unfold as STM delivers atomic scale imaging and electrical characterization of the newly emerging nanometer world. This volume in the METHODS OF EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS Series describes the basics of scanning tunneling microscopy, provides a fundamental theoretica
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Le réseau «Économie et développement urbain durable» a comme ambition de contribuer au développement de la recherche économique dans le domaine du développement urbain durable en prenant en compte les préoccupations des acteurs socio-économiques (élus, entreprises, associations). Ce réseau rassemble sept équipes de recherche : • le Centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED); • le Laboratoire d'économie de la production et de l'intégration internationale (LEPII); • le Laboratoire d'économie des transports (LET); • le Laboratoire ville, mobilité, transports (LVMT); • l'École des MINES ParisTech; • le Département économie et sciences humaines du Centre scientifique et technique du bâtiment; • la Mission climat de la Caisse des dépôts. Ce livre présente les travaux exposés et partagés lors de la deuxième réunion annuelle du réseau en 2010. Ces travaux sont dédiés aux inventaires des émissions urbaines et aux politiques publiques en faveur de la maîtrise de ces émissions dans le bâtiment ainsi qu'à la problématique de l'usage des sols dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre de politiques publiques des transports.
Sociology & Social History --- Social Sciences --- Communities - Urban Groups --- développement durable --- gaz à effet de serre --- politiques publiques --- transport --- environnement --- taxe carbone
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Les sols sont une ressource essentielle à préserver pour la production d’aliments, de fibres, de biomasse, pour la filtration de l’eau, la préservation de la biodiversité et le stockage du carbone. En tant que réservoirs de carbone, les sols sont par ailleurs appelés à jouer un rôle primordial dans la lutte contre l’augmentation de la concentration de gaz à effet de serre. Ils sont ainsi au centre des objectifs de développement durable (ODD) des Nations unies, notamment les ODD 2 « Faim zéro », 13 « Lutte contre le changement climatique », 15 « Vie terrestre », 12 « Consommation et production responsables » ou encore 1 « Pas de pauvreté ». Cet ouvrage présente un état des lieux des sols africains dans toute leur diversité, mais au-delà, il documente les capacités de stockage de carbone selon les types de sols et leurs usages en Afrique. Il propose également des recommandations autour de l’acquisition et de l’interprétation des données, ainsi que des options pour préserver, voire augmenter les stocks de carbone dans les sols. Tous les chercheurs et acteurs du développement impliqués dans les recherches sur le rôle du carbone des sols sont concernés par cette synthèse collective. Fruit d’une collaboration entre chercheurs africains et européens, ce livre insiste sur la nécessité de prendre en compte la grande variété des contextes agricoles et forestiers africains pour améliorer nos connaissances sur les capacités de stockage de carbone des sols et lutter contre le changement climatique.
Environmental Studies --- carbone --- agriculture --- Afrique --- développement --- écologie --- climatologie --- agronomie --- lutte contre le changement climatique --- changement climatique --- gaz à effet de serre --- forêt --- alimentation --- sol --- économie du développement
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Atmosferische straling --- Atmospheric greenhouse effect --- Atmospheric radiation --- Atmospheric transmission of infrared radiation --- Broeikaseffect [Atmosferisch ] --- Broeikasgassen --- Diffuse sky radiation --- Effet de serre atmosphérique --- Gassen [Broeikas] --- Gaz de serre --- Gaz à effet de serre --- Greenhouse effect [Atmospheric ] --- Greenhouse gases --- Radiation [Atmospheric ] --- Radiation atmosphérique --- Serre [Effet de ] atmosphérique --- Serre [Gaz à effet de ] --- Sky radiation --- Straling [Atmosferische ] --- Climatic changes --- Greenhouse effect, Atmospheric --- Rayonnement atmosphérique --- Climat --- Effet de serre (Météorologie) --- Environmental aspects --- Changements --- Aspect de l'environnement --- 551.583 --- -Greenhouse effect, Atmospheric --- #WSCH:AAS1 --- #WSCH:ETOS --- GHGs (Greenhouse gases) --- Heat-trapping gases --- Gases --- Atmospheric temperature --- Heat budget (Geophysics) --- Infrared albedo --- Solar radiation --- Global warming --- Changes, Climatic --- Climate change --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Radiation, Atmospheric --- Electromagnetic waves --- Variations of climate. Climatic change --- 551.583 Variations of climate. Climatic change --- Meteorology. Climatology --- Human ecology. Social biology --- Climatic changes. --- Rayonnement atmosphérique --- Effet de serre (Météorologie) --- Gaz à effet de serre --- Changes in climate --- Climate change science --- Greenhouse effect, Atmospheric. --- Greenhouse gases. --- Atmospheric radiation. --- Global environmental change
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Meteorology. Climatology --- Climatic changes --- Greenhouse gases --- Climat --- Gaz à effet de serre --- Environmental aspects --- Changements --- Aspect de l'environnement --- Climatic changes. --- Environmental aspects. --- 540 Luchtverontreiniging --- Broeikaseffect --- Basic Sciences. Meteorology --- Climatology --- Climatic Change --- Climatic Change. --- Gaz à effet de serre --- Changes, Climatic --- Climate change --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Changes in climate --- Climate change science --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Monograph --- Global environmental change --- Greenhouse gases - Environmental aspects
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Climate Change 2001: Mitigation is the most comprehensive and up-to-date scientific, technical and economic assessment of options to mitigate climate change and their costs. The report: - Makes clear there are strong inter-linkages between climate change policy and policies towards sustainable development. - Assesses information on technological options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions or enhance their sinks. - Analyses technologies and practices available to achieve the targets of the Kyoto Protocol and stabilise atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. - Evaluates barriers impeding implementation of these options and methods available to overcome them. - Summarises the economic literature on costs of climate change mitigation at global, regional and national levels. - Evaluates the other benefits that climate policy can deliver or the climate benefits of other socio-economic policies. - Assesses how this information can be used to support climate policy decision making, acknowledging various decision-making frameworks. This latest IPCC assessment will again form the standard scientific reference for all concerned with climate change and who want to be informed of ways to address this important global problem: including students and researchers in environmental and social sciences, and policymakers and analysts in governmental and non-governmental organisations and the private sector world-wide.
Meteorology. Climatology --- Climatic changes --- Greenhouse gas mitigation --- Climat --- Gaz à effet de serre --- Government policy --- Changements --- Politique gouvernementale --- Réduction --- Greenhouse gas mitigation. --- Government policy. --- 540 Luchtverontreiniging --- Broeikaseffect --- Basic Sciences. Meteorology --- Climatology --- Climatic Change --- Climatic Change. --- Gaz à effet de serre --- Réduction --- Abatement of greenhouse gas emissions --- Emission reduction, Greenhouse gas --- Emissions reduction, Greenhouse gas --- GHG mitigation --- Greenhouse gas abatement --- Greenhouse gas emission reduction --- Greenhouse gas emissions reduction --- Greenhouse gas reduction --- Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions --- Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions --- Pollution prevention --- Greenhouse gases --- Environmental aspects --- Climatic changes - Government policy. --- CLIMATIC CHANGES --- GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION --- GREENHOUSE EFFECT --- PUBLIC POLICY --- GOVERNMENT POLICY
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Meteorology. Climatology --- Human ecology. Social biology --- Greenhouse effect, Atmospheric. --- Climatic changes --- Greenhouse effect, Atmospheric --- Greenhouse gases --- Atmospheric greenhouse effect --- Atmospheric temperature --- Heat budget (Geophysics) --- Infrared albedo --- Solar radiation --- Global warming --- Changes, Climatic --- Climate change --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Environmental aspects --- Environmental aspects. --- Climatic changes. --- Basic Sciences. Meteorology --- Climatic Change. --- Climat --- Effet de serre (Météorologie) --- Gaz à effet de serre --- Changements --- Aspect de l'environnement --- Greenhouse effect [Atmospheric ] --- Changes in climate --- Climate change science --- Global environmental change --- Greenhouse gases - Environmental aspects. --- Greenhouse gases - Environmental aspects --- CLIMATIC CHANGES --- GREENHOUSE GASES --- ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
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This multi-author work deals with the practical aspects of teratogens - chemicals which cause birth defects. It is designed for use as a unique guide to these chemicals in which one can find all relevant information. The issues covered include: how to obtain information about the teratogenic potential of chemicals; teratogenic chemicals in undergraduate chemistry laboratories; safe handling of teratogenic chemicals; teratogenicity of pesticides and other pollutants in the environment; occupational exposure and pregnancy outcome; identification and prevention of reproductive hazards in indust
Abnormalities, Human --- Fetus --- Teratogenic agents. --- Abnormalities, Drug-Induced. --- Teratogens. --- Etiology. --- Effect of chemicals on. --- drug effects. --- Foetus. Ontwikkeling (Invloed van chemicaliën op). --- Malformations congénitales. Causes. (Mélanges) --- Foetus. Développement (Effet des produits chimiques sur le). (Mélanges) --- Misvormingen (Angeboren). Oorzaken. (Versch. onderwerpen) --- Teratogens --- Mutagens --- Teratogenesis --- Chemicals --- Etiology --- Physiological effect
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From the names of cruise lines and bookstores to an Australian ranch and a nudist camp outside of Atlanta, the word serendipity--that happy blend of wisdom and luck by which something is discovered not quite by accident--is today ubiquitous. This book traces the word's eventful history from its 1754 coinage into the twentieth century--chronicling along the way much of what we now call the natural and social sciences. The book charts where the term went, with whom it resided, and how it fared. We cross oceans and academic specialties and meet those people, both famous and now obscure, who have used and abused serendipity. We encounter a linguistic sage, walk down the illustrious halls of the Harvard Medical School, attend the (serendipitous) birth of penicillin, and meet someone who "manages serendipity" for the U.S. Navy. The story of serendipity is fascinating; that of The Travels and Adventures of Serendipity, equally so. Written in the 1950's by already-eminent sociologist Robert Merton and Elinor Barber, the book--though occasionally and most tantalizingly cited--was intentionally never published. This is all the more curious because it so remarkably anticipated subsequent battles over research and funding--many of which centered on the role of serendipity in science. Finally, shortly after his ninety-first birthday, following Barber's death and preceding his own by but a little, Merton agreed to expand and publish this major work. Beautifully written, the book is permeated by the prodigious intellectual curiosity and generosity that characterized Merton's influential On the Shoulders of Giants. Absolutely entertaining as the history of a word, the book is also tremendously important to all who value the miracle of intellectual discovery. It represents Merton's lifelong protest against that rhetoric of science that defines discovery as anything other than a messy blend of inspiration, perspiration, error, and happy chance--anything other than serendipity.
Chance in science --- Découvertes fortuites en science --- Scientific serendipity --- Serendip [Effet] --- Serendipity in science --- Toevallige ontdekkingen in de wetenschap --- Serendipity in science. --- Science --- Social aspects. --- Science and society --- Sociology of science --- Social aspects --- Sociology of knowledge --- SERENDIPITY --- SERENDIPITE --- SCIENCES --- ASPECT SOCIAL
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