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Rien ne prédestinait Jean Hiernard à publier un jour le Journal de voyage d’un Silésien du xvie siècle. Spécialiste d’histoire romaine, il fit un jour par hasard connaissance, par le truchement de l’austère Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, de Seyfried Rybisch, un étudiant en droit passé par Poitiers en 1552 au cours de sa peregrinatio academica où il avait relevé quelques épitaphes antiques. Il lui est apparu comme une sorte d’alter ego dont il découvrit les manuscrits, aujourd’hui conservés à Wrocław, l’ancienne Breslau. L’Itinéraire de Rybisch, comme ses nombreux semblables à cette époque, nous fait parcourir en compagnie de ce studiosus et de ses camarades les chemins de la Renaissance. Son édition, accompagnée d’un commentaire exhaustif, a nécessité de longues années parsemées de doutes, de déceptions, mais aussi de découvertes. L’étude des récits de ce genre permet de renouveler notre connaissance de l’univers mental et intellectuel d’un moment de l’histoire où l’Europe moderne était en train de naître.

Classics --- History --- droit romain --- épigraphie --- humanisme --- Renaissance --- université --- voyage

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Ce liber amicorum est dédié au professeur Gilbert Hanard à l'occasion de son accession à l'éméritat. Son contenu illustre bien les options pédagogiques et scientifiques du titulaire du cours de droit romain qu'il dispensa pendant plus de trente années aux étudiants de la première année en droit. Cet ouvrage, bouquet offert par ses amis et collègues des universités belges et européennes, plonge en effet au cœur du dialogue continu qu'entretiennent le droit romain, l'histoire du droit et le droit civil contemporain. Un tel croisement disciplinaire ayant alimenté en permanence l'enseignement de Gilbert Hanard, le choix de recourir aux plumes de romanistes, d'historiens et de praticiens du droit pour composer cet hommage s'imposait. De l'Antiquité aux sources du droit romain dans la législation moderne ou les Principes européens du droit des contrats, en passant par le Moyen Âge et le début de l'indépendance de la Belgique, le spécialiste autant que l'amateur éclairé trouveront dans ces contributions les éléments d'une réflexion sur l'importance de la démarche historienne pour la compréhension des principes qui fondent le droit civil actuel.

Roman law --- Law --- Droit romain --- Droit --- History --- Histoire --- Hanard, Gilbert --- Reception --- Festschriften --- Belgium --- droit romain --- histoire du droit --- droit civil contemporain --- droit des contrats --- démarche historienne --- hommage

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Slaves were property of their dominus, objects rather than persons, without rights: These are some components of our basic knowledge about Roman slavery. But Roman slavery was more diverse than we might assume from the standard wording about servile legal status. Numerous inscriptions as well as literary and legal sources reveal clear differences in the social structure of Roman slavery. There were numerous groups and professions who shared the status of being unfree while inhabiting very different worlds.The papers in this volume pose the question of whether and how legal texts reflected such social differences within the Roman servile community. Did the legal system reinscribe social differences, and if so, in what shape? Were exceptions created only in individual cases, or did the legal system generate privileges for particular groups of slaves? Did it reinforce and even promote social differentiation? All papers probe neuralgic points that are apt to challenge the homogeneous image of Roman slave law. They show that this law was a good deal more colourful than historical research has so far assumed. The authors’ primary concern is to make this legal diversity accessible to historical scholarship.

SOCIAL SCIENCE / Slavery. --- Roman law. --- peculium. --- slave families. --- slave hierarchies. --- Enslaved persons --- Esclaves --- Slavery (Roman law) --- Esclavage (Droit romain) --- Social conditions. --- Conditions sociales --- Esclavage --- Droit romain.

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Droit --- Droit romain --- Étude et enseignement. --- Histoire. --- Influence. --- Roman law --- E-books --- Étude et enseignement

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Embarking on a unique study of Roman criminal law, Judy Gaughan has developed a novel understanding of the nature of social and political power dynamics in republican government. Revealing the significant relationship between political power and attitudes toward homicide in the Roman republic, Murder Was Not a Crime describes a legal system through which families (rather than the government) were given the power to mete out punishment for murder. With implications that could modify the most fundamental beliefs about the Roman republic, Gaughan's research maintains that Roman criminal law did not contain a specific enactment against murder, although it had done so prior to the overthrow of the monarchy. While kings felt an imperative to hold monopoly over the power to kill, Gaughan argues, the republic phase ushered in a form of decentralized government that did not see itself as vulnerable to challenge by an act of murder. And the power possessed by individual families ensured that the government would not attain the responsibility for punishing homicidal violence. Drawing on surviving Roman laws and literary sources, Murder Was Not a Crime also explores the dictator Sulla's "murder law," arguing that it lacked any government concept of murder and was instead simply a collection of earlier statutes repressing poisoning, arson, and the carrying of weapons. Reinterpreting a spectrum of scenarios, Gaughan makes new distinctions between the paternal head of household and his power over life and death, versus the power of consuls and praetors to command and kill.

Murder (Roman law) --- Homicide (Roman law) --- Rome --- Politics and government --- Homicide (Roman law). --- Murder (Roman law). --- Meurtre (droit romain) --- Homicide (droit romain) --- Politique et gouvernement --- 510-30 av. J.-C.