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Book
Anthropometry, Body Composition and Resting Energy Expenditure in Human
Authors: ---
ISBN: 3039214624 3039214616 Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Data on nutritional status of human populations are periodically needed, as well as their relationships with anthropometry, body composition, body image and energy expenditure, and also with health lifestyle outcomes. All these parameters contribute jointly to give a complete knowledge on dietary and lifestyle habits, and hence how to proceed to improve it in order to enjoy an optimal healthy status. So, you are kindly invited to submit proposals for manuscripts that fit the objectives and the topics of this Nutrients Special issue.The aim of this proposed Nutrients Special Issue on ""Anthropometry, Body Composition and Resting Energy Expenditure in Humans"" is to publish selected papers detailing specific aspects of anthropometric, body composition and energy expenditure data in human populations and their relationships with nutritional status, as well as nutritional surveys and trials that examine measured differences or changes in these parameters are also cordially invited.


Book
Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia
Author:
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Sarcopenia represents the decline in skeletal muscle mass and function with age, characterized by the muscle fiber's quality, strength, muscle endurance, and metabolic ability decreasing, as well as the fat and connective tissue growing.Reduction of muscle strength with aging leads to loss of functional capacity, causing disability, mortality, and other adverse health outcomes. Because of the increase of the proportion of elderly in the population, sarcopenia-related morbidity will become an increasing area of health care resource utilization.Diagnostic screening consists of individuation of body composition, assessed by DEXA, anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance, MRI, or CT scan. Management is possible with resistance training exercise and vibration therapy, nutritional supplements, and pharmacological treatment.The book includes articles from different nationalities, treating the experimental and medical applications of sarcopenia. The consequences of sarcopenia in frailty are treated in relation to other associated pathologies or lesions, as femoral neck fractures and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Keywords

muscle-mass --- sleep efficiency --- sleep duration --- insomnia --- sarcopenia --- quality of life --- osteoporosis --- postmenopausal women --- sedentary behaviour --- aged --- exercise --- motivation --- hepatoma --- myokine --- decorin --- walking distance --- survival --- muscle strength --- resistance training --- randomized controlled trial --- nutritional status --- nutritional screening tools --- hospitalized older patients --- resistance exercise training --- muscle regulatory factors --- deconditioning --- skeletal muscle --- elderly --- hypertrophy --- multimorbidity --- polypathological patients --- frailty --- oxidative stress --- telomere length --- apoptosis --- spirometry --- urea --- fatigue --- respiratory system --- skeletal muscles --- lipids --- transaminases --- falls --- resistance exercise --- vibration --- electrical stimulation --- hip fracture --- diagnosis --- treatment --- prevention --- dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry --- bisphosphonate --- β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate --- exercise intervention --- fall risk --- balance --- anxiety --- depression --- sleep quality --- type 2 diabetes --- physical activity --- muscle mass --- protein intake --- accelerometer --- aerobic exercise training --- mitochondria --- endurance --- fractures --- ageing fractures --- complications --- recovery --- rehabilitation --- nutritional supplements --- physical therapy --- cognition --- brain-body cross-talk --- older persons --- prevalence --- physical functional performance --- epidemiologic studies --- aging --- panoramic ultrasound --- echogenicity --- specific force --- isokinetic dynamometry --- muscle quality --- strength --- older adults --- diagnostic criteria --- clinical


Book
Progress on Nutrient Composition, Meat Standardization and Grading, Processing and Safety in Different Types of Meat Sources
Author:
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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The alleged responsibility of meats and processed meat products for some of our population’s major health issues has created an opportunity for the promotion of meat analogs. This emerging competition forces the need for changes in livestock production systems for improving nutritive value and obtaining healthier and safer meat products. The morbidity and mortality attributed to Salmonella and other pathogens remain a public health issue. Hence, there is an urgent need for developing intervention technologies to control such pathogens. Beef is packaged with an array of healthy nutrients and is the highest valued livestock product. However, staples (e.g., pork, poultry) and some co-products can also be nutrient dense and/or provide a unique sensory experience with advantageous technological quality. Carcass yield is a major determinant of livestock value. Hence, objective technologies are strongly needed to effectively segregate the heterogeneous supply of carcasses into homogeneous groups in yield of cuts. Not all meats are created equal, and differences in their intrinsic characteristics may be expected when they are produced in different regions and under diverse production schemes. Nevertheless, reports aiming to characterize meats originated from different zones (e.g., tropical latitudes) are scarce. This Special Issue of Foods, “Progress on Nutrient Composition, Meat Standardization, Grading, Processing, and Safety for Different Types of Meat Sources”, comprising fourteen peer-reviewed papers, is now being released as a book that will serve as an invaluable reference in addressing the current dearth of knowledge regarding the aforementioned topics, and is also envisaged to serve in updating food scientists and stakeholders of the meat value chain globally.

Keywords

chicken fat by-products --- unsaturated fatty acids --- colour properties --- lipid profile --- beef --- lamb --- pork --- trace elements --- micronutrients --- fatty acids --- genomics --- heritability --- Campylobacter jejuni --- antimicrobials --- decontamination --- poultry --- chicken wings --- application method --- indicator bacteria --- chlorine dioxide --- rhamnolipids --- 1,3-Dibromo-5.5-dimethyl hydantoin --- interventions --- barley --- corn --- blend --- eating quality --- volatile compounds --- Salmonella spp. --- E. coli --- pathogen surrogates --- ozone intervention --- beef trim --- tropical --- meat quality --- nutrient --- composition --- beef primals --- computer vision system --- dual energy X-ray absorptiometry --- mature cows --- rib-eye camera --- whole-side camera --- lactic acid --- UV-C --- Listeria monocytogenes --- LAB --- response surface methodology --- longissimus dorsii lumborum --- multivariate analyses --- proximate composition --- fatty acid profile --- mineral content --- carcass traits --- tropical beef cattle --- refrigerated meat shelf life --- microbial indicators --- vacuum packaging --- carcass chilling --- hot water intervention --- Salmonella --- chicken --- microbial intervention --- food-contact surfaces --- Pirenaica --- Protected Geographical Indication --- Ternera de Navarra --- Certified Angus Beef --- country of origin --- USDA standard --- sensory profile --- pig --- seaweed --- pork quality --- minerals --- proximal composition --- Macrocystis pyrifera --- n/a


Book
Nutritional Management and Outcomes in Malnourished Medical Inpatients
Authors: ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Malnutrition lurks in the background of hospitalized medical patients. A large proportion of patients are malnourished upon hospital admission and patients often experience further nutritional deterioration during their stay and during disease recovery. However, although the negative effects of malnutrition on the outcomes of patients are well recognized, we still struggle to identify appropriate patients and efficacious nutritional interventions to overcome this problem. Recent studies have produced convincing evidence that adequate and timely nutritional management of medical in-patients can contribute to the prevention of negative consequences and thus improve the clinical outcome of patients. This Special Issue of the Journal of Clinical Medicine focuses on multiple practical aspects of nutritional management of medical in-patients, from screening for nutritional risk to the practical implementation of nutritional therapy and its possible complications, including financial aspects, to increasing clinician awareness and knowledge of nutritional care in hospitals.

Keywords

type 1 diabetes mellitus --- bioelectrical impedance analysis --- phase angle --- children --- adolescents --- protein --- malnutrition --- critical care --- mortality --- outcomes --- hospital readmission --- ICU Survivors --- inflammation --- nutritional assessment --- biomarkers --- albumin --- prealbumin --- IGF-1 --- elderly --- prognostic marker --- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit --- enteral nutrition --- early parenteral nutrition --- critical illness --- iron --- copper --- selenium --- zinc --- thiamine --- vitamin B12 --- obesity --- glucose control --- hyperglycemia --- parenteral nutrition --- nutritional support --- insulin --- Geriatric patients --- older persons --- therapy --- interventions --- chronic critical illness --- Nutrition Risk Screening (NRS-2002) --- age --- nutrition --- vasopressors --- shock --- glucose --- diabetes --- underfeeding --- economic challenges --- nutritional management --- mid-arm muscle circumference --- dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry --- computed tomography --- fat-free mass --- appendicular skeletal muscle mass --- lean soft tissue --- skeletal muscle index --- chronic disease --- old --- anorexia nervosa --- refeeding syndrome --- weight gain --- length of stay --- nutritional risk screening --- monitoring --- micronutrient deficiency --- oral nutritional supplements --- artificial nutrition --- gastroparesis --- dumping syndrome --- pathophysiology --- clinical presentation --- treatment --- nutritional therapy --- cancer --- cachexia --- sarcopenia --- survival --- nutritional support team --- efficacy --- metabolic syndrome --- insulin resistance --- dietary pattern --- carbohydrates --- fat --- indirect calorimetry --- indirect calorimeter --- resting energy expenditure --- nutrition therapy --- medical nutrition therapy --- intensive care unit --- intermediate care unit --- critically ill patients --- nutritional counselling --- nursing --- e-counselling --- dehydration --- dysphagia --- fluid intake --- water --- cirrhosis --- ascites --- sarcopenic obesity --- vitamins --- micronutrients --- all-in-one parenteral admixture --- compatibility --- stability --- pharmaceutical expertise --- drug admixing --- drug administration --- hospital --- nutrition care --- continuity of care --- process indicators --- benchmarking --- disease related malnutrition. --- diagnosis --- management --- hypophosphatemia --- n/a


Book
Clinical Studies, Big Data, and Artificial Intelligence in Nephrology and Transplantation
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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In recent years, artificial intelligence has increasingly been playing an essential role in diverse areas in medicine, assisting clinicians in patient management. In nephrology and transplantation, artificial intelligence can be utilized to enhance clinical care, such as through hemodialysis prescriptions and the follow-up of kidney transplant patients. Furthermore, there are rapidly expanding applications and validations of comprehensive, computerized medical records and related databases, including national registries, health insurance, and drug prescriptions. For this Special Issue, we made a call to action to stimulate researchers and clinicians to submit their invaluable works and present, here, a collection of articles covering original clinical research (single- or multi-center), database studies from registries, meta-analyses, and artificial intelligence research in nephrology including acute kidney injury, electrolytes and acid–base, chronic kidney disease, glomerular disease, dialysis, and transplantation that will provide additional knowledge and skills in the field of nephrology and transplantation toward improving patient outcomes.

Keywords

tacrolimus --- C/D ratio --- tacrolimus metabolism --- everolimus --- conversion --- kidney transplantation --- gut microbiome --- renal transplant recipient --- diarrhea --- immunosuppressive medication --- gut microbiota --- 16S rRNA sequencing --- butyrate-producing bacteria --- Proteobacteria --- torquetenovirus --- immunosuppression --- transplantation --- immunosuppressed host --- outcome --- renal transplantation --- Goodpasture syndrome --- anti-GBM disease --- epidemiology --- hospitalization --- outcomes --- acute kidney injury --- risk prediction --- artificial intelligence --- patent ductus arteriosus --- conservative management --- blood pressure --- eradication --- interferon-free regimen --- hepatitis C infection --- kidney transplant --- allograft steatosis --- lipopeliosis --- transplant numbers --- live donors --- public awareness --- Google TrendsTM --- machine learning --- big data --- nephrology --- chronic kidney disease --- NLR --- PLR --- RPGN --- predictive value --- hemodialysis --- withdrawal --- cellular crescent --- global sclerosis --- procurement kidney biopsy --- glomerulosclerosis --- minimally-invasive donor nephrectomy --- robot-assisted surgery --- laparoscopic surgery --- organ donation --- living kidney donation --- MeltDose® --- LCPT --- renal function --- liver transplantation --- metabolism --- erythropoietin --- fibroblast growth factor 23 --- death --- weekend effect --- in-hospital mortality --- comorbidity --- dialysis --- elderly --- klotho --- α-Klotho --- FGF-23 --- kidney donor --- Nephrology --- CKD-MBD --- CKD-Mineral and Bone Disorder --- deceased donor --- Eurotransplant Senior Program --- risk stratification --- intensive care --- kidney transplant recipients --- long-term outcomes --- graft failure --- cardiovascular mortality --- lifestyle --- inflammation --- vascular calcification --- bone mineral density --- dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry --- living donation --- repeated kidney transplantation --- graft survival --- prolonged ischaemic time --- patient survival --- pre-emptive transplantation --- metabolomics --- urine --- acute rejection --- allograft --- cystatin C --- hyperfiltration --- kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1 --- tubular damage --- genetic polymorphisms --- (cardiac) surgery --- inflammatory cytokines --- clinical studies --- chronic kidney disease (CKD) --- no known kidney disease (NKD) --- ICD-10 billing codes --- phenotyping --- electronic health record (EHR) --- estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) --- machine learning (ML) --- generalized linear model network (GLMnet) --- random forest (RF) --- artificial neural network (ANN), clinical natural language processing (clinical NLP) --- discharge summaries --- laboratory values --- area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) --- area under the precision-recall curve (AUCPR) --- fibrosis --- extracellular matrix --- collagen type VI --- living-donor kidney transplantation --- ethnic disparity

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