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Valence (Drôme --- France) --- History --- Sources

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Valence bond (VB) theory, which builds the descriptions of molecules from those of its constituent parts, provided the first successful quantum mechanical treatments of chemical bonding. Its language and concepts permeate much of chemistry, at all levels. Various modern formulations of VB theory represent serious tools for quantum chemical studies of molecular electronic structure and reactivity. In physics, there is much VB-based work (particularly in semi-empirical form) on larger systems. Importance of TopicThe last decade has seen significant advances in methodology and a vast incr

Valence (Theoretical chemistry) --- Valence (chimie théorique) --- Valency (Theoretical chemistry) --- Chemical affinity --- Chemical elements --- Chemical structure --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical

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Our everyday life is characterized by a multitude of emotionally relevant cues that we perceive and communicate via various sensory channels. This does not only encompass the obvious cases of auditory and visual modalities, but also olfactory, gustatory, and even tactile stimuli. Any kind of emotional situation in a natural setting is usually a multimodal experience: A friend welcomes us with warm words, a smile, and a happy voice; the sight of our favourite food is accompanied by a seductive smell and a delicious taste; the thrill of watching an exciting movie scene is intensified by a gripping soundtrack. In these situations, the signals from various senses do not stand on their own; they interact and create a unified emotional experience. Recent neuroscientific research has begun to accommodate this inherent multimodality of emotions in natural situations by studying the interaction of affectively relevant information from more than one sensory channel. Fascinating new aspects emerge concerning the neurobiology of emotion processing, and there is evidence that integrating emotional cues from various sources invokes brain processes that go beyond the well-known patterns observed during unimodal stimulation. The scope of this Research Topic is to gather novel and interesting studies dealing with the multimodality of emotions and their neural processing. We want to address researchers which are applying novel paradigms such as multimodal virtual reality settings, social interactions, and the combination of the auditory and visual domains with other sensory modalities such as smell, taste, or touch. Referring to this, we explicitly encourage articles describing new experimental approaches and analysis strategies. Our aim is to gain a comprehensive picture of how the brain combines emotionally relevant information from different sensory modalities. In particular, there is an urgent need for the integration of findings from electrophysiological and functional neuroimaging investigations as well as new insights from functional connectivity studies. We are convinced that this volume will be of high interest for a large community of brain researchers dealing with emotion research, social interaction, and complex multimodal integration processes.

Psychology --- Social Sciences --- emotion --- Valence --- chemosensation --- Attention --- Arousal --- multisensory integration --- Schizophrenia --- Fear extinction --- audiovisual --- Crossmodal Prediction

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"Was Tesnière the founding father of dependency grammar or merely a culmination point in its long history? Leaving no doubt that the latter position is correct, Chapters of Dependency Grammar tells the story of how dependency-oriented grammatical description developed from Antiquity up to the early 20th century. From Priscian's Rome to Dmitrievsky's Russia, from the French Encyclopaedia to Stephen W. Clark's school grammars in 19th century America, it is shown how the concept of dependencies (asymmetric word-to-word relations) surfaced again and again, assuming a central place in syntax. A particularly intriguing aspect of the storyline is that even without any direct contact or influence, authors were making key breakthroughs in similar directions. In the works of Sámuel Brassai, a Transylvanian polymath, and Franz Kern, a German grammarian, the first dependency trees appear in 1873 and 1883, respectively, predating Tesnière's stemmas by several decades"--

Dependency grammar --- Valence (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Mathematical linguistics --- Syntax --- E-books --- Dependency grammar.

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Bonding Theory for Metals and Alloys, 2e builds on the success of the first edition by introducing new experimental data to each chapter that support the breakthrough "Covalon" Conduction Theory developed by Dr. Wang. Through the recognition of the covalent bond in coexistence with the 'free' electron band, the book describes and demonstrates how the many experimental observations on metals and alloys can all be reconciled. Subsequently, it shows how the individual view of metals and alloys by physicists, chemists and metallurgists can be unified. This book covers such phenomena as the Miscibility Gap between two liquid metals, phase equilibrium, superconductivity, superplasticity, liquid metal embrittlement, and corrosion. The author also introduces a new theory based on 'Covalon' conduction, which forms the basis for a new approach to the theory of superconductivity. Bonding Theory for Metals and Alloys, 2e is of interest to physical and theoretical chemists alongside engineers working in research and industry, as well as materials scientists, physicists, and students at the upper undergraduate and graduate level in these fields.

Chemical bonds --- Mathematical models. --- Bonds, Chemical --- Chemical structure --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Overlap integral --- Quantum chemistry --- Valence (Theoretical chemistry)