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The author applies the comparative method for the reconstruction of earlier aspectual systems in the Afro-Asiatic phylum of languages. Moving ‘upstream’ from the documented systems of Semitic, Berber and Old Cushitic the state of affairs during the common stage of Proto-Semito-Berbero-Cushitic is reconstructed. With the addition of Egyptian and Chadic data important conclusions regarding the elusive Proto-Afro-Asiatic are reached. Moving ‘downstream’ the trajectory of individual aspectual systems through their later stages is analyzed. A central piece of the monograph is the reconstruction of intermediate stages reflecting the long-term developments of aspectual and temporal categories of individual languages from the Old towards their Middle periods. The continuity and innovation in the aspectual systems towards the contemporary state of affairs in analytic (serial) constructions of Modern Aramaic and Arabic vernacular languages is explicated. The author demonstrates that it is imperative to work in a larger typological framework and that in the field of Afro-Asiatic linguistics valuable insights can be gained from the study of parallel phenomena in Indo-European languages. At the same time, Indo-Europeanists will profit from the study of typologically earlier aspect-prominent systems of Afro-Asiatic languages. The monograph offers important contributions to our understanding of universals and to the typology and diachrony of tense and aspect.
Semitic languages --- Verb. --- Tense.
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Si le temps occupe une place aussi centrale dans la discussion linguistique, et depuis si longtemps, c'est parce que ce sujet - avec ses sujets-frères que sont l'aspect, la modalité et l'évidentialité - est non seulement riche et complexe mais aussi profondément enraciné dans la langue, se manifestant à tous ses niveaux et dans une quantité importante de contextes de réflexion. Les articles recueillis dans ce volume se présentent à premier abord comme des études spécifiques sur des phénomènes précis, mais il s'avère rapidement que, de par sa nature, le sujet 'temps' ne peut pas être abordé de manière « isolée », puisqu'il parcourt la langue comme un système étendu, sans qu'on puisse en dessiner les limites avec clarté. The reason why tense has occupied such a central place in linguistic discussion, and has done so for so long, is that this topic - along with its related topics aspect, modality and evidentiality - is not only rich and complex but also deeply rooted in language, manifesting itself at all its levels and in a significant number of contexts. The contributions collected in this volume appear at first sight as specific studies of specific phenomena, but it soon becomes clear that, by its very nature, the subject of 'time' cannot be approached in 'isolation', since it runs through the language as a pervasive system, without its boundaries being clearly defined.
French language --- Aspect. --- Tense.
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"This volume provides a detailed investigation of perfects from all the branches of the Indo-European language family, in some cases representing the first ever comprehensive description. Thorough philological examinations result in empirically well-founded analyses illustrated by over 940 examples. The unique temporal depth and diatopic breadth of attested Indo-European languages permits the investigation both of TAME (Tense-Aspect-Mood-Evidentiality) systems over time and of recurring cycles of change as well as synchronic patterns of areal distribution and contact phenomena, possibilities fully exploited in the volume. Furthermore, the cross-linguistic perspective adopted by many authors, as well as the inclusion of contributions which go beyond the boundaries of the Indo-European family per se, facilitates typological comparison. As such, the volume is intended to serve as a springboard for future research both into the semantics of the perfect in Indo-European itself, and verb systems across the world's languages"--
Indo-European languages --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Tense. --- Tense.
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English language --- Grammar --- Anglais (Langue) --- Tense. --- Temps --- Tense --- -Germanic languages --- -Tense --- Verb --- Germanic languages --- English language - Tense
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English language --- Grammar --- Anglais (Langue) --- Tense --- Temps --- -Germanic languages --- Tense. --- -Tense --- Verb --- Germanic languages
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This volume deals with the complex question of time and aspect in ancient Egyptian. The first part presents an original theoretical model which challenges some well-established facts in general linguistics. The functioning of aspect is explained as a dialectic process between the grammatical tenses, the actionality of events, the semantic roles of the participants, and diverse lexical means. The second part examines the expression of aspect in ancient Egyptian, with a diachronic presentation from the beginning down to Late Egyptian. The third and last part is devoted to the study of the temporal relation. The argumentation is illustrated by more than 800 examples and numerous figures.
Egyptian language --- Egyptien (Langue) --- Tense --- Aspect --- Temps --- Afroasiatic languages --- Egyptian language - Tense --- Egyptian language - Aspect --- Tense. --- Aspect.
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Tense/Mood/Aspect-agreeing Infinitivals is an in-depth investigation of the syntax of verb-verb agreement phenomena in Swedish, including pseudocoordinations of the form John started and wrote 'John started writing' and double participles of the form John had been-able written 'John had been able to write'. Providing evidence from facts concerning extraction, locality, selection, and interpretation, the book argues that the relevant construction types all involve surface variants of "infinitives in disguise"; infinitivals that agree with the matrix clause in tense/mood/aspect. Arguments are presented in favour of taking the dependencies underlying the agreement to be instances of Agree between functional heads of the same label, a configuration that yields restructuring/clause-union. The main theoretical contributions of the book are two: (i) Agreement is proportional to functional structure: The possibility of "copying" a particular morphosyntactic form is contingent on the presence of the corresponding functional projection in the agreeing XP. (ii) Size constancy between restructuring/non-restructuring infinitivals: The category selected by a verb may remain constant between restructuring and non-restructuring configurations. It is suggested that an important aspect of restructuring may be alternation between unmarked (negatively specified) features and unvalued varieties of the same features, capturing properties such as "tenselessness", "finitelessness", etc. of restructuring infinitivals. The book is an important contribution to the syntax of infinitival clauses, the syntax of clause-union/restructuring, and more generally to the syntax of agreement phenomena in natural language. In addition, it provides a general reference source for anyone interested in the syntax of Swedish and other Scandinavian languages.
Swedish language --- Tense. --- Verb. --- Grammar --- Ruotsi language --- Svenska language --- Scandinavian languages --- Tense --- Verb --- Swedish language. --- Syntax. --- generative syntax. --- tense.
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Spanish language --- Grammar --- Tense --- Discourse analysis --- -Spanish language --- -Castilian language --- Romance languages --- Tense. --- Discourse analysis. --- -Tense --- Castilian language --- Spanish language - Tense --- Spanish language - Discourse analysis
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Le système verbal du français contemporain résulte d’une évolution séculaire et l’examen diachronique des valeurs de chacune des formes contribue à la compréhension de la sémantique verbale contemporaine. Parallèlement, l’étude diachronique du système verbal français ne peut se dispenser d’examiner la répartition des valeurs sémantiques sur les formes (avec la diversité d’interprétations contextuelles qu’elles engendrent) au cours de leur évolution. Toutefois, bien que complémentaires, sémantique et diachronie sont rarement conjointes dans la recherche. Par sa conjonction entre études sémantiques et diachroniques, ce volume présente une meilleure idée des tendances qui caractérisent l’évolution des formes verbales du français, et de l’impact que l’observation de ces tendances peut avoir sur notre compréhension de la sémantique de ces formes en synchronie.
French language --- Tense. --- Grammar. --- Lexicology. Semantics --- Grammar
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This work presents an analysis of how speakers of typologically diverse languages report present-time situations. Astrid De Wit brings together cross-linguistic observations from English, French, the English-based creole language Sranan, and various Slavic languages, and relates them to the same phenomenon, the 'present perfective paradox'.
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