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Communication in politics. --- Internet --- Mass media --- New democracies. --- Political aspects. --- Communication in politics --- New democracies --- Countries, Newly democratic --- Democracies, New --- Democratic states, New --- Emerging democracies --- Nations, Newly democratic --- New democratic states --- Newly democratic states --- States, Newly democratic --- Democracy --- Democratization --- Newly independent states --- Political communication --- Political science --- Political aspects --- Mass media Political aspects
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This book theorizes a mechanism underlying regime-change waves, the deliberate efforts of diffusion entrepreneurs to spread a particular regime and regime-change model across state borders. Why do only certain states and non-state actors emerge as such entrepreneurs? Why, how, and how effectively do they support regime change abroad? To answer these questions, the book studies the entrepreneurs behind the third wave of democratization, with a focus on the new eastern European democracies - members of the European Union. The study finds that it is not the strongest democracies nor the democracies trying to ensure their survival in a neighborhood of non-democracies that become the most active diffusion entrepreneurs. It is, instead, the countries where the organizers of the domestic democratic transitions build strong solidarity movements supporting the spread of democracy abroad that do. The book also draws parallels between their activism abroad and their experiences with democratization and democracy assistance at home.
Democratization --- New democracies --- Post-communism --- Countries, Newly democratic --- Democracies, New --- Democratic states, New --- Emerging democracies --- Nations, Newly democratic --- New democratic states --- Newly democratic states --- States, Newly democratic --- Democracy --- Newly independent states --- Democratic consolidation --- Democratic transition --- Political science --- Government policy --- European Union --- E.U. --- Europe, Eastern --- Politics and government --- Europe, Eastern. --- Government --- International.
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Nation-building. --- Patronage, Political. --- Bureaucracy. --- Democratization. --- New democracies. --- Stabilization and reconstruction (International relations) --- State-building --- Political development --- Political patronage --- Spoils system --- Civil service reform --- Interorganizational relations --- Political science --- Public administration --- Organizational sociology --- Countries, Newly democratic --- Democracies, New --- Democratic states, New --- Emerging democracies --- Nations, Newly democratic --- New democratic states --- Newly democratic states --- States, Newly democratic --- Democracy --- Democratization --- Newly independent states --- Democratic consolidation --- Democratic transition --- New democracies --- Slovakia --- Czech Republic --- Poland --- Politics and government --- Clientelism, Political --- Patron-client politics --- Political clientelism --- Political sociology
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Despite dramatic increases in poverty, unemployment, and social inequalities, the Central and Eastern European transitions from communism to market democracy in the 1990s have been remarkably peaceful. This book proposes a new explanation for this unexpected political quiescence. It shows how reforming governments in Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic have been able to prevent massive waves of strikes and protests by the strategic use of welfare state programs such as pensions and unemployment benefits. Divide and Pacify explains how social policies were used to prevent massive job losses with softening labor market policies, or to split up highly aggrieved groups of workers in precarious jobs by sending some of them onto unemployment benefits and many others onto early retirement and disability pensions. From a narrow economic viewpoint, these policies often appeared to be immensely costly or irresponsibly populist. Yet a more inclusive social-scientific perspective can shed new light on these seemingly irrational policies by pointing to deeper political motives and wider sociological consequences.
Patronage, Political --- New democracies --- Political patronage --- Spoils system --- Civil service reform --- Countries, Newly democratic --- Democracies, New --- Democratic states, New --- Emerging democracies --- Nations, Newly democratic --- New democratic states --- Newly democratic states --- States, Newly democratic --- Democracy --- Democratization --- Newly independent states --- Hungary --- Czech Republic --- Poland --- Europe, Central --- Central Europe --- Politics and government --- Social policy. --- Economic policy, Labor history, Patronage, Political economy, Protests, Sociology, Transition. --- Clientelism, Political --- Patron-client politics --- Political clientelism --- Political sociology
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This study offers an explanation for why advances in women's rights rarely occur in democratizing states. Drawing on deliberative theory, Denise Walsh argues that the leading institutions in the public sphere are highly gendered, meaning women's ability to shape the content of public debate and put pressure on the state to advance their rights is limited. She tests this claim by measuring the openness and inclusiveness of debate conditions in the public sphere during select time periods in Poland, Chile and South Africa. Through a series of structured, focused comparisons, the book confirms the importance of just debate for securing gender justice. The comparisons also reveal that counter publics in the leading institutions in the public sphere are crucial for expanding debate conditions. The book concludes with an analysis of counter publics and suggests an active role for the state in the public sphere.
Women's rights. --- Women --- Democratization. --- New democracies. --- Rights of women --- Women's rights --- Human rights --- Countries, Newly democratic --- Democracies, New --- Democratic states, New --- Emerging democracies --- Nations, Newly democratic --- New democratic states --- Newly democratic states --- States, Newly democratic --- Democracy --- Democratization --- Newly independent states --- Democratic consolidation --- Democratic transition --- Political science --- New democracies --- Women in politics --- Political activity. --- Civil rights --- Law and legislation --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Social Sciences --- Political Science
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Bureaucracy. --- Democratization. --- Nation-building. --- New democracies. --- Patronage, Political. --- Czech Republic --- Poland --- Slovakia --- Politics and government --- Bureaucracy --- Democratization --- Nation-building --- New democracies --- Patronage, Political --- Political patronage --- Spoils system --- Civil service reform --- Countries, Newly democratic --- Democracies, New --- Democratic states, New --- Emerging democracies --- Nations, Newly democratic --- New democratic states --- Newly democratic states --- States, Newly democratic --- Democracy --- Newly independent states --- Stabilization and reconstruction (International relations) --- State-building --- Political development --- Democratic consolidation --- Democratic transition --- Political science --- Interorganizational relations --- Public administration --- Organizational sociology --- Clientelism, Political --- Patron-client politics --- Political clientelism --- Political sociology
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Mainstream theories assert that democracy cures corruption. In market economies, however, elections are expensive and parties, with ever-thinning memberships, cannot legally acquire the necessary campaign funds. In order to secure electoral funds, a large number of politicians misappropriate public funds. Due to the illicit character of these transactions, high officials with conflicts of interest prefer to leave anticorruption enforcement mechanisms unreformed and reserve the right to intervene in the judicial process, with dire consequences for the rule of law. In No Rule of Law, No Democracy, Cristina Nicolescu-Waggonner demonstrates that when corrupt politicians are in power—true of nearly all new democracies—they will protect their office and fail to implement rule of law reforms. Consequently, these polities never reach a point where democracy could and would cure corruption. This dysfunction is tested in one hundred cases over sixteen years with significant results. In the case of the Czech Republic, for example, which is regarded as a consolidated democracy, there is systematic corruption, misappropriation of state funds, an unreformed judiciary, and arbitrary application of law. The only solution is a powerful, independent, well-funded anticorruption agency. Romania, one of the most corrupt countries in Europe, established, at the European Union's request, powerful anticorruption bodies and punished corrupt leaders, which created the predictability of enforcement. It is the certainty of punishment that curtails corruption and establishes true rule of law.
Political corruption --- Political campaigns --- Conflict of interests --- Rule of law --- New democracies --- Supremacy of law --- Administrative law --- Constitutional law --- Conflict of interest --- Conflict of interests (Agency) --- Conflict of interests (Public office) --- Conflicts of interest --- Interests, Conflict of --- Ethics --- Countries, Newly democratic --- Democracies, New --- Democratic states, New --- Emerging democracies --- Nations, Newly democratic --- New democratic states --- Newly democratic states --- States, Newly democratic --- Democracy --- Democratization --- Newly independent states --- Campaigns, Election --- Campaigns, Political --- Election campaigns --- Electioneering --- Electoral politics --- Negative campaigns --- Politics, Practical --- Elections --- Boss rule --- Corruption (in politics) --- Graft in politics --- Malversation --- Political scandals --- Corruption --- Misconduct in office --- Corrupt practices --- Political aspects
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From the 1980s through the first decade of the twenty-first century, the spread of democracy across the developing and post-Communist worlds transformed the global political landscape. What drove these changes and what determined whether the emerging democracies would stabilize or revert to authoritarian rule? Dictators and Democrats takes a comprehensive look at the transitions to and from democracy in recent decades. Deploying both statistical and qualitative analysis, Stephen Haggard and Robert Kaufman engage with theories of democratic change and advocate approaches that emphasize political and institutional factors. While inequality has been a prominent explanation for democratic transitions, the authors argue that its role has been limited, and elites as well as masses can drive regime change.Examining seventy-eight cases of democratic transition and twenty-five reversions since 1980, Haggard and Kaufman show how differences in authoritarian regimes and organizational capabilities shape popular protest and elite initiatives in transitions to democracy, and how institutional weaknesses cause some democracies to fail. The determinants of democracy lie in the strength of existing institutions and the public's capacity to engage in collective action. There are multiple routes to democracy, but those growing out of mass mobilization may provide more checks on incumbents than those emerging from intra-elite bargains.Moving beyond well-known beliefs regarding regime changes, Dictators and Democrats explores the conditions under which transitions to democracy are likely to arise.
Dictators --- Democracy --- Tyrants --- History. --- Heads of state --- Authoritarianism --- Democratization --- Democratization. --- New democracies. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political ideologies / Democracy. --- History --- Countries, Newly democratic --- Democracies, New --- Democratic states, New --- Emerging democracies --- Nations, Newly democratic --- New democratic states --- Newly democratic states --- States, Newly democratic --- Newly independent states --- Democratic consolidation --- Democratic transition --- Political science --- New democracies --- Authority --- Since 1965 --- Third Wave. --- authoritarian regimes. --- autocracy. --- backsliding. --- class structure. --- collective action. --- coup. --- coups. --- democracy. --- democratic transitions. --- democratization. --- distributive conflict theories. --- distributive conflict. --- distributive conflicts. --- domestic politics. --- economic aid. --- economic crisis. --- economic development. --- economic performance. --- elite-led transitions. --- elite-reaction reversions. --- elites. --- ethnonationalist organizations. --- inequality. --- institutional strength. --- institutional weakness. --- institutions. --- international factors. --- leverage. --- linkage. --- low-income countries. --- mass mobilization. --- middle-income countries. --- military intervention. --- political entrepreneurs. --- political parties. --- populist reversions. --- praetorianism. --- regime change. --- repression. --- reverters. --- social organizations. --- survivors. --- transition paths. --- transitional elections. --- unions. --- weak democracy.
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New democracies --- Post-communism. --- Political science --- Postcommunism --- World politics --- Communism --- Countries, Newly democratic --- Democracies, New --- Democratic states, New --- Emerging democracies --- Nations, Newly democratic --- New democratic states --- Newly democratic states --- States, Newly democratic --- Democracy --- Democratization --- Newly independent states --- Study and teaching. --- Europe, Eastern --- East Europe --- Eastern Europe --- Politics and government --- Research. --- Post-communism --- Démocratie --- Démocratisation --- Postcommunisme --- Science politique --- Study and teaching --- Etude et enseignement --- Europe de l'Est --- Research --- Politique et gouvernement --- Recherche --- -#SBIB:328H27 --- #SBIB:324H20 --- #SBIB:321H60 --- Democratic consolidation --- Democratic transition --- Self-government --- Equality --- Representative government and representation --- Republics --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Instellingen en beleid: Midden- en Centraal Europa: algemeen --- Politologie: theorieën (democratie, comparatieve studieën….) --- Westerse politieke en sociale theorieën vanaf de 19e eeuw: socialisme, marxisme, communisme, anarchisme --- -Research. --- -Study and teaching
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