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The book describes an integrated theory that links estuary shape to tidal hydraulics, tidal mixing and salt intrusion. The shape of an alluvial estuary is characterised by exponentially varying width and the absence of bottom slope. This topography is closely related to tidal parameters, hydraulic parameters and parameters that describe 1-dimensional mixing and salt intrusion. Starting from the fundamental equations for conservation of mass and momentum, analytical equations are derived that relate the topography to tidal parameters (tidal excursion, phase lag, tidal damping, tidal amplificati
Estuaries --- Hydrodynamics --- Saltwater encroachment --- Tides --- Mathematical models --- Mathematical models. --- Equilibrium theory of tides --- Encroachment, Saltwater --- Intrusion, Saltwater --- Saline water intrusion --- Saltwater intrusion --- Seawater encroachment --- Seawater intrusion --- Branching bays --- Drowned river mouths --- Firths --- River estuaries --- Ocean circulation --- Saline water barriers --- Saline waters --- Coasts --- Rivers --- Estuaries - Mathematical models --- Hydrodynamics - Mathematical models --- Saltwater encroachment - Mathematical models --- Tides - Mathematical models
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"The world’s population is facing a water crisis, which is expected to worsen dramatically during the 21st century. Problems due to over-exploitation of groundwater, as well as from natural and anthropogenic contamination are major challenges facing humanity. This Special Issue on “Groundwater Quantity and Quality” contains a broad selection of eleven articles addressing many different aspects of groundwater quantity and quality, along with an introductory editorial. The research articles and case studies cover many different geographic regions and include examples from both developed and developing nations. The research articles are strong contributions that were selected after a rigorous peer-review process in which not all articles were accepted." --Preface.
Groundwater --- Water quality management. --- Management --- Pollution. --- Endocrine disrupting compounds in aquifers --- Pathogens in aquifer systems (confined or unconfined) --- The current state of arsenic contamination in Bangladesh --- Managing saltwater intrusion along marine coastlines --- Water quality impacts from hydrofracturing (fracking) --- Managing water resources in the High Plains Aquifer (Central US) --- Governing transboundary groundwater --- Managing groundwater to promote environmental flows --- Managing groundwater during drought
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Water supply. Water treatment. Water pollution --- Theses --- Groundwater -- Sodium content -- Netherlands. --- Groundwater flow -- Netherlands. --- Saltwater encroachment -- Netherlands. --- Hydraulic Engineering --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Groundwater flow --- Saltwater encroachment --- Groundwater --- Sodium content --- Ground water --- Subterranean water --- Underground water --- Water, Underground --- Encroachment, Saltwater --- Intrusion, Saltwater --- Saline water intrusion --- Saltwater intrusion --- Seawater encroachment --- Seawater intrusion --- Flow, Groundwater --- Water --- Hydrogeology --- Saline water barriers --- Saline waters --- Hydraulics --- Fluids --- Subsurface drainage --- Migration --- Hydrodynamics
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This book aims to clarify the issue of groundwater in coastal saline environment management. It serves as a reference to scientists, engineers, and decision makers who might use it to improve resource management practice and cooperation in the delta region. It specifically covers the nature and extent of the aquifers in the coastal saline tract of Mahanadi Delta, India. The book scientifically delineates and classifies the aquifers, illustrates the geology, hydrogeology, geomorphology, geophysics, geometry, and water quality of the different aquifers, and explores the nature and extent of seawater intrusion in the different aquifer systems.
Saltwater encroachment --- Earth sciences. --- Paleontology. --- Hydrogeology. --- Coasts. --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Environmental sciences. --- Earth Sciences. --- Coastal Sciences. --- Environmental Science and Engineering. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Encroachment, Saltwater --- Intrusion, Saltwater --- Saline water intrusion --- Saltwater intrusion --- Seawater encroachment --- Seawater intrusion --- Saline water barriers --- Saline waters --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Paleontology . --- Fossilogy --- Fossilology --- Palaeontology --- Paleontology, Zoological --- Paleozoology --- Historical geology --- Zoology --- Fossils --- Prehistoric animals in motion pictures --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Engineering --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Atmospheric sciences --- Earth sciences --- Atmosphere --- Environmental science --- Science --- Coastal landforms --- Coastal zones --- Coastlines --- Landforms --- Seashore --- Geohydrology --- Geology --- Hydrology --- Groundwater
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This Special Issue presents the work of 30 scientists from 11 countries. It confirms that the impacts of global change, resulting from both climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressure, are huge on worldwide coastal areas (and critically so on some islands in the Pacific Ocean), with highly negative effects on coastal groundwater resources, which are widely affected by seawater intrusion. Some improved research methods are proposed in the contributions: using innovative hydrogeological, geophysical, and geochemical monitoring; assessing impacts of the changing environment on the coastal groundwater resources in terms of quantity and quality; and using modelling, especially to improve management approaches. The scientific research needed to face these challenges must continue to be deployed by different approaches based on the monitoring, modelling and management of groundwater resources. Novel and more efficient methods must be developed to keep up with the accelerating pace of global change.
tide --- artificial neural network --- Gaza Strip --- groundwater resources --- seawater intrusion --- nutrient discharge --- freshwater resilience --- offshore geophysics --- atoll --- freshwater lens --- sea-level rise --- small islands --- sharp interface numerical modeling --- climate change --- recursive prediction --- saltwater intrusion --- Radon --- submarine groundwater discharge --- water resources management --- flooding --- groundwater storage --- fish ponds --- Tongatapu --- extraction --- monitoring --- modelling --- fresh groundwater volume --- numerical model --- atoll island --- MODFLOW/SEAWAT --- Nile Delta governorates --- arid and semi-arid regions --- time series model --- hydrogeology --- Libya --- sea level rise --- coastal aquifer --- sea–aquifer relations --- Tripoli --- freshwater-saltwater interface --- multi-layered coastal aquifer --- well salinization --- SGD model --- Nile Delta aquifer --- tidal signal --- geophysics --- groundwater --- cation exchange --- salinization --- SGD --- support vector machine --- direct prediction --- aquifer
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Climatic changes --- Coast changes --- Saltwater encroachment --- Southern States --- Climate. --- Encroachment, Saltwater --- Intrusion, Saltwater --- Saline water intrusion --- Saltwater intrusion --- Seawater encroachment --- Seawater intrusion --- Saline water barriers --- Saline waters --- Coastal erosion --- Coasts --- Shore erosion --- Littoral drift --- Physical geography --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Erosion --- Environmental aspects --- American South --- American Southeast --- Dixie (U.S. : Region) --- Former Confederate States --- South, The --- Southeast (U.S.) --- Southeast United States --- Southeastern States --- Southern United States --- United States, Southern --- Global environmental change
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The book collects nine original contributions in the field of integrated geophysical methods for the characterization and modeling of shallow aquifers. The first contribution introduces the following eight contributions into the overall framework of the topic. The second contribution integrates seismic and electrical techniques to define geometry and identify the transient groundwater features in a coastal alluvial aquifer. The third contribution assesses the effectiveness of electrical and electromagnetic techniques to study the geometry of a thick carbonate aquifer. The fourth contribution couples electrical techniques with implicit modeling tools to characterize the geometry and saltwater intrusion in a coastal alluvial aquifers. The fifth contribution combines electrical techniques and datasets from borehole logs to analyze the inner geometry of a gravel-bed ephemeral stream. The sixth contribution uses electromagnetic and seismic techniques to evaluate the groundwater resource in a coastal town hydrologically influenced by peri-urban irrigation agriculture. The seventh contribution uses geophysical and hydrochemical data to assess groundwater contamination in an industrial chemical complex. The eighth contribution compiles and examines different geophysical prospecting surveys of interest in groundwater research in a large urban area. The ninth contribution uses electrical and electromagnetic techniques to assess surface water and shallow groundwater salinity in a coastal groundwater-dependent ecosystem.
multichannel analysis of surface waves --- electrical resistivity tomography --- time-lapse inversion --- aquifer geometry --- groundwater-dependent ecosystem --- Santo André Lagoon --- Portugal --- Jurassic dolomite aquifer --- seismic reflection --- time-domain electromagnetic --- loma de Úbeda --- Spain --- managed aquifer recharge --- saltwater intrusion --- soil aquifer treatment --- sustainable development goal 6 --- deposition patterns --- climate change --- ephemeral gravel-bed stream --- borehole samples --- urban hydrogeology --- hydrogeological map --- ground penetrating radar --- groundwater resource evaluation --- Adra town --- groundwater --- contamination --- time-space --- geophysics --- hydrochemistry --- geophysical prospecting techniques --- groundwater research --- urban water supply --- Metropolitan District of Quito --- Ecuador --- Everglades National Park (ENP) --- electrical resistivity --- electromagnetism --- formation factor --- salinity and constrained inversion --- n/a --- dipole-dipole --- fractures --- saprolite --- pumping well --- Federal district of Brazil --- Santo André Lagoon --- loma de Úbeda
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Stable and radioactive isotopes in water are powerful tools in the tracking of the path of water molecules through the whole water cycle. In the last decade, a considerable number of studies have been published on the use of water isotopes, and their number is ever-growing. The main reason is the development of new measurement techniques (i.e., laser absorption spectroscopy) that allow measurements of stable isotope ratios at ever-higher resolutions. Therefore, this compilation of papers has been published to address the current state-of-the-art water isotope methods, applications, and interpretations of hydrological processes, and to contribute to the rapidly growing repository of isotope data, which is important for future water resource management. We are pleased to present here a book with new findings in thirteen original research papers and one review paper issued in the Water MDPI Special Issue (SI) “Use of Water Isotopes in Hydrological Processes”. The authors report the use of water isotopes in hydrological processes worldwide, including studies at both local and regional scales related to either precipitation dynamics or to different applications of water isotopes in combination with other hydrochemical parameters in investigations of surface water, snowmelt, soil water, groundwater and xylem water to identify the hydrological and geochemical processes.
precipitation --- stable isotope ratios --- local meteoric water line --- amount-weighted mean --- linear regression --- confidence --- prediction and generalized intervals --- stable isotopes D and 18O --- moisture source --- temperature effect --- precipitation amount effect --- regionalization --- China --- oxygen isotopes --- sulfur isotopes --- isotopic composition of water --- bacterial sulfate reduction --- sulfide oxidation --- atmospheric sulfate --- peatland --- unconfined aquifer --- mineralization of organic matter --- isotopic techniques --- water isotopic signature --- 3H- and 14C-dating --- saltwater intrusion --- Red River’s delta --- Vietnam --- Sutri Dhaka --- Chandra Basin --- Western Himalaya --- hydrograph separation --- stable water isotope --- specific ablation --- stable isotopes --- HYSPLIT model --- MWL validation --- karstic springs --- spatial variations --- Naqu River basin --- Qinghai–Tibet Plateau --- stable water isotopes --- hydrogen --- oxygen --- soil water --- fine root system --- groundwater --- isotope hydrology --- stable nitrate isotopes --- Zagreb --- Croatia --- 2H/1H and 18O/16O --- deuterium excess --- δ18O–temperature relation --- tritium --- self-organizing map --- radon --- major ions --- alluvial fan --- paddy rice field --- deuterium and oxygen-18 --- hydrogeological conceptual model --- alluvial aquifer --- Varaždin area --- δ2H --- inverse modeling --- vadose zone --- sensitivity analysis --- soil hydraulic parameters estimation --- groundwater recharge --- d-excess --- elevation effect --- altitude effect --- continental effect --- Slovenia --- Hungary --- water cycle --- measurement traceability --- precipitation (rain and snow) --- surface water --- water management --- networks and data bases --- statistical evaluation
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