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Book
Patent Politics : Life Forms, Markets, and the Public Interest in the United States and Europe
Author:
ISBN: 022643799X 9780226437996 9780226437859 022643785X Year: 2017 Publisher: Chicago : University of Chicago Press,

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Abstract

Over the past thirty years, the world's patent systems have experienced pressure from civil society like never before. From farmers to patient advocates, new voices are arguing that patents impact public health, economic inequality, morality-and democracy. These challenges, to domains that we usually consider technical and legal, may seem surprising. But in Patent Politics, Shobita Parthasarathy argues that patent systems have always been deeply political and social. To demonstrate this, Parthasarathy takes readers through a particularly fierce and prolonged set of controversies over patents on life forms linked to important advances in biology and agriculture and potentially life-saving medicines. Comparing battles over patents on animals, human embryonic stem cells, human genes, and plants in the United States and Europe, she shows how political culture, ideology, and history shape patent system politics. Clashes over whose voices and which values matter in the patent system, as well as what counts as knowledge and whose expertise is important, look quite different in these two places. And through these debates, the United States and Europe are developing very different approaches to patent and innovation governance. Not just the first comprehensive look at the controversies swirling around biotechnology patents, Patent Politics is also the first in-depth analysis of the political underpinnings and implications of modern patent systems, and provides a timely analysis of how we can reform these systems around the world to maximize the public interest.


Periodical
Science and public policy.
Authors: ---
ISSN: 03023427 14715430 Year: 1974 Publisher: Guildford, England : [Oxford] : Beech Tree Pub. Oxford University Press

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Abstract

Science and Public Policy is a leading international journal on public policies for science, technology and innovation. It covers all types of science and technology in both developed and developing countries.

Keywords

Science --- Sciences --- Social aspects --- Periodicals. --- Aspect social --- Périodiques --- International Cooperation --- Research --- Social Planning --- Technology --- Periodicals --- Social Sciences --- General and Others --- Public Policy & Administration --- Sociology --- Microeconomics --- International Cooperation. --- Research. --- Science. --- Social Planning. --- Technology. --- Wetenschapsbeleid. --- SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY. --- Social aspects. --- Science and society --- Sociology of science --- Arts, Industrial --- Industrial Arts --- Cloud Computing --- Community Development --- Development Planning --- Development Plans --- Rural Development --- Community Developments --- Development Plan --- Development Plannings --- Development, Community --- Development, Rural --- Developments, Community --- Developments, Rural --- Plan, Development --- Planning, Development --- Planning, Social --- Plannings, Development --- Plannings, Social --- Plans, Development --- Rural Developments --- Social Plannings --- Planning Techniques --- Laboratory Research --- Research Activities --- Research and Development --- Research Priorities --- Activities, Research --- Activity, Research --- Development and Research --- Priorities, Research --- Priority, Research --- Research Activity --- Research Priority --- Research, Laboratory --- Ethics, Research --- Treaties --- Foreign Aid --- Aid, Foreign --- Cooperation, International --- Treaty --- Science and state --- Technical writing --- Technology and state --- Technology and state. --- Industry. --- International cooperation. --- Social planning. --- Coopération internationale. --- Recherche. --- Sciences. --- Planification sociale. --- Technologie. --- research (function) --- sciences (philosophy)

The ritual of rights in Japan : law, society, and health policy
Author:
ISBN: 0521779642 0521770408 9780521770408 9780521779647 0511172877 9780511172878 0511011881 9780511011887 9780511495465 0511495463 9780511049316 0511049315 0511151772 9780511151774 1107118972 9781107118973 1280421134 9781280421136 0511303203 9780511303203 Year: 2000 Publisher: Cambridge [England] ; New York : Cambridge University Press,

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Abstract

The Ritual of Rights in Japan challenges the conventional wisdom that the assertion of rights is fundamentally incompatible with Japanese legal, political and social norms. It discusses the creation of a Japanese translation of the word 'rights', Kenri; examines the historical record for words and concepts similar to 'rights'; and highlights the move towards recognising patients' rights in the 1960s and 1970s. Two policy studies are central to the book. One concentrates on Japan's 1989 AIDS Prevention Act, and the other examines the protracted controversy over whether brain death should become a legal definition of death. Rejecting conventional accounts that recourse to rights is less important to resolving disputes than other cultural forms,The Ritual of Rights in Japan uses these contemporary cases to argue that the invocation of rights is a critical aspect of how conflicts are articulated and resolved.

Keywords

J4128 --- J4749 --- J4217 --- J7910 --- J7001 --- AIDS (Disease) --- -Dead bodies (Law) --- -Transplantation of organs, tissues, etc --- -Actions and defenses --- -Law --- -Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- Actions and defenses --- Civil actions --- Defense (Law) --- Interpleader --- Lawsuits --- Litigation --- Personal actions --- Real actions --- Suits (Law) --- Procedure (Law) --- Trial practice --- Civil procedure --- Remedies (Law) --- Medical transplantation --- Organ transplantation --- Organ transplants --- Organs (Anatomy) --- Surgical transplantation --- Tissue transplantation --- Tissues --- Transplants, Organ --- Surgery --- Preservation of organs, tissues, etc. --- Procurement of organs, tissues, etc. --- Dead --- Law --- Acquired immune deficiency syndrome --- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome --- Acquired immunological deficiency syndrome --- HIV infections --- Immunological deficiency syndromes --- Virus-induced immunosuppression --- Japan: Sociology and anthropology -- human and civil rights, freedom of speech --- Japan: Law and jurisprudence -- civil law -- human rights --- Japan: Sociology and anthropology -- social policy and pathology -- sanitation and public health --- Japan: Natural sciences and technology -- medical science -- public health and general hygene --- Japan: Natural sciences and technology -- policy, legislation, guidelines, codes of behavior --- Patients --- -Legal status, laws, etc --- -Law and legislation --- -Social aspects --- Transplantation --- Law and legislation --- Dead bodies (Law) --- Transplantation of organs, tissues, etc. --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Social aspects --- Transplantation of organs, tissues, etc --- Acts, Legislative --- Patients&delete& --- Legal status, laws, etc --- Court proceedings --- Japan: Science and technology -- policy, legislation, guidelines, codes of behavior --- Japan: Science and technology -- medical science -- public health and general hygiene --- Transplant surgery --- Transplantation surgery --- General and Others

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