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Through newly unearthed texts virtually unknown in Andean studies, Indians and Mestizos in the ""Lettered City"" highlights the Andean intellectual tradition of writing in their long-term struggle for social empowerment and questions the previous understanding of the ""lettered city"" as a privileged space populated solely by colonial elites. Rarely acknowledged in studies of resistance to colonial rule, these writings challenged colonial hierarchies and ethnic discrimination in attempts to redefine the Andean role in colonial society. Scholars have long assumed that Spanish rule remained

Political culture --- Social justice --- Anti-imperialist movements --- Learning and scholarship --- Peruvian literature --- Indian authors --- Mestizos --- Indians of South America --- History. --- History and criticism. --- Politics and government. --- Peru --- Intellectual life. --- Ethnic relations. --- Culture --- Political science --- Equality --- Justice --- Anti-colonialism --- Antiimperialist movements --- Social movements --- Imperialism --- National liberation movements --- Erudition --- Scholarship --- Civilization --- Intellectual life --- Education --- Research --- Scholars --- Authors, Indian --- Authors --- Eurindians (Latin America) --- Hispano-Indians (Latin America) --- Mestiços --- Indians --- Latin Americans --- Racially mixed people --- Mixed descent --- Bīrū --- Dēmokratia tou Perou --- Gweriniaeth Periw --- Jumhūrī-i Purū --- Jumhūrīyat Bīrū --- Lýðveldið Peru --- Pearu --- Peiriú --- Periw --- Pérou --- Peru ka Fasojamana --- Perú Kiōng-hô-kok --- Peru Respublikası --- Perua Respubliko --- Peruánská republika --- Peruko Errepublika --- Perun tasavalta --- Peruo --- Peruu --- Peruu Vabariik --- Pheroo --- Piru --- Piruw --- Piruw Suyu --- Pobblaght ny Peroo --- Purū --- Republic of Peru --- República del Perú --- Republica di u Perù --- República do Perú --- República Peruana --- Republiek van Peru --- Republik Peru --- Republika Peru --- Republikken Peru --- République du Pérou --- Rėspublika Peru --- Περού --- Δημοκρατία του Περού --- Рэспубліка Перу --- Република Перу --- Перу --- بيرو --- جمهورية بيرو --- پرو --- ペルー --- Peru-Bolivian Confederation --- Politics and government --- History --- History and criticism --- Ethnic relations --- Indians of South America - Peru - Politics and government --- Mestizos - Peru - Politics and government --- Indian authors - Peru - History --- Peruvian literature - Indian authors - History and criticism --- Learning and scholarship - Peru - History --- Anti-imperialist movements - Peru - History --- Social justice - Peru - History --- Political culture - Peru - History --- Peru - Ethnic relations --- Peru - Intellectual life

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Juan Cristobal Calvete de Estrella (c. 1510/20-1593) was a Spanish humanist with close connections to the courts of Charles V and Philip II, to the latter of whom he was a tutor. Among his many works in Latin and Spanish was De Rebus Indicis, a Latin history of the accounts of chroniclers, used documents probably supplied by the family of Cristobal Vaca de Castro, Francisco Pizarro's successor as governor. The book is commonly thought to be the longest continuous history of its subject in Latin. It tracks down and compares the primary sources drawn upon for De Rebus Indicis, in so far as these

America -- Discovery and exploration -- Spanish. --- Calvete de Estrella, Juan Cristóbal, d. 1593. De rebus Indicis. --- Peru -- History -- Conquest, 1522-1548. --- Regions & Countries - Americas --- History & Archaeology --- Latin America --- Calvete de Estrella, Juan Cristóbal, --- Peru --- America --- History --- Discovery and exploration --- Spanish.

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El presente libro explora la historia de las guarangas —organizaciones sociopolícas fundamentales del mundo andino— y sus líderes, los caciques de guaranga, en el temprano siglo colonial en Huaylas. Estas estructuras políticas, intermedias entre los grandes señoríos/confederaciones y las pachacas o ayllus, constituyeron la base de cualquier organizacíon política y administrativa, tanto en la época preinca como en la inca y en la hispana. Una agregación de guarangas conformaba los señoríos, reinos o confèderaciones norteñas como Huaylas, Recuay, Jauja, Tarma o Cajamarca antes de la conquista inca. Ellas constituyeron también la base de las provincias incas y de las encomiendas hispanas. Las guarangas fueron los elementos bisagra que confirieron legitimidad y coherencia los sucesivos cambios o adaptaciones políticas que se produjeron antes y después de las conquistas inca e hispana y que los hicieron posibles. Sus autoridades máximas, los curacas de guaranga, se convirtieron en los mediadores fundamentales entre los conquistadores y las sociedades conquistadas y su continuidad y participación activa en la construcción y moldeamiento del nuevo sistema permitió hacer posible la difícil transición entre el mundo inca y el español. Cuando la organización inca se derrumbó, y con ella las provincias y mitades administrativas, fue esta estructura política intermedia la que sobrevivió y prevaleció constituyendo una de las principales bases d eorganizació sobre la que se sustentaron no sólo el primer sistema colonial, el de la encomienda, sino también las reformas toledanas y los pueblos de indios coloniales. El papel estratégico que conservaron los caciques de guaranga en el nuevo sistema imperial de poder les permitió erosionarlo desde adentro y reencauzarlo de una forma menos lesiva a sus intereses.

Indians of South America -- Peru -- Huaylas (Province) -- Politics and government -- 16th century. --- Indios de América del Sur -- Perú -- Huaylas (Provincia) -- Política y gobierno -- Siglo XVI. --- Perú -- Historia -- Conquista, 1522-1548. --- Peru -- History -- Conquest, 1522-1548. --- Indians of South America --- Regions & Countries - Americas --- History & Archaeology --- Latin America --- Politics and government --- Indios de América del Sur --- Política y gobierno --- Peru --- Per --- History --- Historia --- American aborigines --- American Indians --- Indigenous peoples --- Ethnology --- conquête espagnole --- pouvoir --- ethnologie --- époque coloniale --- encomienda --- Pérou --- administration coloniale --- cacique