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In the landscape of the design of carbon nanomaterials, the fine-tuning of their functionalities and physico-chemical properties has increased their potential for therapeutic, diagnostic, and biosensing applications. In this editorial, we will provide a brief overview of the contents of this Special Issue. In particular, nanoplatforms originating from the synergistic combination of carbon-based nanomaterials (i.e., nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, carbon quantum dots, nanodiamond, etc.) with various functional molecules such as drugs, natural compounds, biomolecules, polymers, metal nanoparticles, and macrocycles that have useful applications in drug delivery, multi-targeted therapies, theranostic as well as scaffolds in tissue engineering, and as sensing materials have been selected for publication as Articles or Mini Reviews. The variety of applications covered by the nine articles published in this Special Issue of Nanomaterials are proof of the growing attention that the use of carbon nanomaterials in the biomedical/pharmaceutical field has received in recent years. We hope that readers find the contents of this Special Issue useful for their research, which is aimed to advance carbon nanomaterials from the laboratory to clinical nanomedicine.

graphene oxide --- covalent functionalization --- cortical membranes --- calcium phosphate deposition --- graphene/gold nanocomposite --- SERS --- Dopamine --- Rhodamine 6G --- nanodiamond --- tritium --- biodistribution --- Ewing sarcoma --- drug delivery --- siRNA --- nanomedicine --- porphyrin --- J-aggregates --- carbon nanotubes --- nanohybrids --- graphene --- liquid biopsy --- circulating tumor cells --- exosomes --- circulating nucleic acids --- COVID-19 --- pyrrole --- cancer --- doxorubicin --- drug delivery systems --- nanoparticles --- carbon dots --- platelet aggregation --- arterial thrombosis --- signaling molecules --- bleeding disorder --- cytotoxicity --- carbon nanomaterials --- camptothecin --- Caco-2 --- MCF-7 --- NanoHy-GPS --- antibacterial nanosystems --- one-pot microwave-assisted reaction --- silver nanoparticles --- polyvinyl alcohol --- n/a

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This book focuses on the preparation and characterisation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/ halloysite nanotube (HNT) bionanocomposite films with different HNT contents for potential use in food packaging. It examines the effect of material composition and nanofiller content on mechanical, thermal and optical properties in relation to their morphological structures, and also comprehensively describes the water resistance, biodegradation and migration rates of such bionanocomposites, as well as their barrier properties in terms of water vapour transmission, and water vapour, air and oxygen permeabilities. Further, this book discusses the use of Nielsen model and Cussler model to predict the relative permeability of bionanocomposites, demonstrating that Nielsen model is more effective and in better agreement with experimental data obtained. Lastly, it discusses the application of bionanocomposite films in food packaging to prolong the shelf life of freshly cut avocados and peaches.

Nanoscale science. --- Nanoscience. --- Nanostructures. --- Materials science. --- Food—Biotechnology. --- Environmental engineering. --- Biotechnology. --- Nanotechnology. --- Nanochemistry. --- Nanoscale Science and Technology. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Food Science. --- Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology. --- Nanotechnology and Microengineering. --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Nanoscale chemistry --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Nanoscience --- Environmental control --- Environmental effects --- Environmental stresses --- Engineering --- Environmental health --- Environmental protection --- Pollution --- Sustainable engineering --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Physics --- Nano science --- Nanoscale science --- Nanosciences --- Science --- Analytical chemistry --- Nanocomposites (Materials) --- Polyvinyl alcohol. --- Alcohols --- Vinyl polymers --- Nanocomposite materials --- Nanostructured composite materials --- Nanostructured composites --- Composite materials --- Nanostructured materials

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This Special Issue aims to highlight the dual potential of novel biocatalytic processes, where the first part is dedicated to waste valorization for the production of high value products, while the second part is focused on the detoxification of pollutants. Several examples of microbial systems employed for the valorization of waste streams derived by the forest, agricultural, and food industries or the use of whole-cell or enzyme approaches for the removal of nitrogen or dyes from industrial wastewaters are provided. Last but not least, an example of the utilization of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) was highlighted for the production of fatty acids, which were used for the enzymatic synthesis of sugar esters with antimicrobial properties.

mixotrophic --- heterotrophic --- lipids --- fatty acid methyl esters --- dairy wastewater --- birch hydrolysate --- green algae --- Coelastrella --- Chlorella --- DyP peroxidase --- oxidoreductase --- reactive dye --- decolorization --- biopolymers --- medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) --- hydrolysed waste cooking oil --- Pseudomonas putida KT2440 --- biocatalysis --- bioprocess --- polyhydroxyalkanoate --- (R)-3-hydroxyacids --- sugar esters --- antimicrobial --- anammox --- immobilization --- wastewater treatment --- polyvinyl alcohol --- olive mill waste --- lignocellulosic residues --- Ganoderma lucidum --- Pleurotus ostreatus --- medicinal mushrooms --- glucan --- prebiotic --- Lactobacillus --- Bifidobacterium --- waste valorization --- laccase --- genome-mining --- heterologous expression --- Pseudomonas --- non-digestible oligosaccharides --- Celluclast® --- cellobiose --- conduritol-B-epoxide --- lignocellulose enzyme hydrolysis --- n/a

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This book highlights a novel and holistic approach to multiscaled PVA bionanocomposite films used for electrical sensing, medical and packaging applications. With a combination of material characterization and modeling to understand the effect of nanoparticle size and shape, as well as 3D interphase properties and features such as interphase modulus and nanoscale dimensions, this book substantiates how excellent mechanical and thermal properties of these materials are achieved. Also it addresses the importance of using economical and ecofriendly bionanocomposites as potential green materials to support the goal of environmental sustainability with multifunctional properties.

Surfaces (Physics). --- Interfaces (Physical sciences). --- Thin films. --- Materials science. --- Nanotechnology. --- Biomaterials. --- Materials—Surfaces. --- Ceramics. --- Glass. --- Composites (Materials). --- Composite materials. --- Surface and Interface Science, Thin Films. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Nanotechnology and Microengineering. --- Surfaces and Interfaces, Thin Films. --- Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Materials. --- Composites (Materials) --- Multiphase materials --- Reinforced solids --- Solids, Reinforced --- Two phase materials --- Materials --- Amorphous substances --- Ceramics --- Glazing --- Ceramic technology --- Industrial ceramics --- Keramics --- Building materials --- Chemistry, Technical --- Clay --- Biocompatible materials --- Biomaterials --- Medical materials --- Medicine --- Biomedical engineering --- Biocompatibility --- Prosthesis --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Films, Thin --- Solid film --- Solid state electronics --- Solids --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Coatings --- Thick films --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Physics --- Bioartificial materials --- Hemocompatible materials --- Nanocomposites (Materials) --- Polyvinyl alcohol. --- Alcohols --- Vinyl polymers --- Nanocomposite materials --- Nanostructured composite materials --- Nanostructured composites --- Composite materials --- Nanostructured materials

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Amidst impending climate change and enhanced pollution levels around the globe, the need of the hour is to develop bio-based materials that are sustainable and possess comparable performance properties to their synthetic counterparts. In light of the aforementioned, numerous investigations are being conducted to identify, process, and create materials that are concurrently innocuous towards the environment and have superior properties. This book is a collection of such scientific articles that propagate novel ideas for the development of polymeric composite materials, which have application potential in numerous fields such as medicine, automobile, aviation, construction, etc. It also contains a pedagogical article that proposes some strategies to continue experimental research during pandemics. This book will provide readers a quick glance into recent developments regarding polymeric materials and will encourage them to propagate these research ideas further.

solid urban waste --- formaldehyde --- durability --- electrical properties --- mechanical properties --- recycling --- epoxy resin --- flammability --- heat release rate --- microscale combustion calorimetry --- multiple linear regression --- adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system --- polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) --- bionanocomposites --- nanomechanical behaviour --- thin films --- particle size --- model free --- model fitting --- avrami–eroféev --- DAEM --- superhydrophobic surfaces --- self-healing --- natural hierarchical microstructures --- wood --- bio-composite --- linear low density polyethylene --- performance --- straws --- biocomposites --- nanofibers --- electrospinning --- cell culture --- graphene oxide --- barrier properties --- poly(lactic acid) --- clay --- nanocomposite --- permeability --- bacterial cellulose --- metal organic framework --- adsorption --- chitosan --- composite nanofibers --- silk fibroin --- polycaprolactone --- Taguchi --- rheological properties --- DMA --- injection molding --- thermal properties --- natural fibers --- biochar --- carbon fillers --- nanocomposites --- flame retardants --- fire --- n/a --- PHB --- natural fiber --- compatibilizer --- cellulose --- biocomposite --- avrami-eroféev