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Planck's Law, an equation used by physicists to determine the radiation leaking from any object in the universe, was described by Albert Einstein as ""the basis of all twentieth-century physics."" Max Planck is credited with being the father of quantum theory, and his work laid the foundation for our modern understanding of matter and energetic processes. But Planck's story is not well known, especially in the United States. A German physicist working during the first half of the twentieth century, his library, personal journals, notebooks, and letters were all destroyed with his home in World

Physicists --- World War, 1939-1945 --- National socialism and science. --- Physics --- Science --- History --- Planck, Max, --- Einstein, Albert, --- Family. --- Friends and associates. --- Germany --- Intellectual life

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Die Erinnerung an das Reich der mittelalterlichen Könige und Kaiser nahm in der nationalsozialistischen Geschichts- und Kulturpolitik eine herausragende Stellung ein. Das Reich Karls des Großen und die Jahrhunderte der "deutschen Kaiserzeit", die Zeit der Ottonen, Salier und Staufer, galten als erste Phase "deutscher Größe" und als Vorwegnahme und historische Rechtfertigung des von den Nationalsozialisten angestrebten "großgermanischen Reiches". Von dieser völkisch-nationalistischen Deutung des Mittelalters, deren Wurzeln bis ins 19. Jahrhundert zurückreichen, blieb auch die Sicht auf die mittelalterliche Kunst nicht unbeeinflusst. Im Mittelalter wurde der Anfang "deutscher Kunst" gesucht, in der mittelalterlichen Kunst sah man einen frühen Ausdruck des deutschen Nationalcharakters, und entsprechend konnte sie sowohl als Vorbild für eine neu zu schaffende, nationale und "volksverbundene" Kunst in Anspruch genommen als auch gegen die "Entartungen" der modernen Kunst ins Feld geführt werden. Im Zentrum der Publikation steht die Praxis der Mittelalter-Kunstgeschichte im Nationalsozialismus, ihre Vorgeschichte und unmittelbare Folge. Es geht um eine Analyse der Gegenstände, Begriffe, Methoden und Deutungsmuster, mit denen mediävistische Kunstgeschichte im Nationalsozialismus operierte. Ein zweiter Themenschwerpunkt liegt auf der Popularisierung des Mittelalterbildes in Schrifttum, Film und Veranstaltungen.

National socialism and intellectuals. --- National socialism and science. --- National socialism and art --- Art, Medieval --- Middle Ages in popular culture --- Political Science --- Visual Arts --- Art, Architecture & Applied Arts --- Law, Politics & Government --- Socialism, Communism & Anarchism --- Visual Arts - General --- Socialism and art. --- Art, Medieval. --- Nazisme et art --- Art médiéval --- Moyen Age dans la culture populaire --- Congresses --- Congrès --- Medieval art --- Art and socialism --- Art

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One of the most powerful nationalist ideas in modern Europe is the assertion that there is a link between people and their landscape. Focusing on the heart of German romanticism, the Rhineland, Thomas Lekan examines nature protection activities from Wilhelmine Germany through the end of the Nazi era to illuminate the relationship between environmental reform and the cultural construction of national identity. In the late nineteenth century, anxieties about national character infused ecological concerns about industrialization, spurring landscape preservationists to protect the natural environment. In the Rhineland's scenic rivers, forests, and natural landmarks, they saw Germany as a timeless and organic nation rather than a recently patchworked political construct. Landscape preservation also served conservative social ends during a period of rapid modernization, as outdoor pursuits were promoted to redirect class-conscious factory workers and unruly youth from "crass materialism" to the German homeland. Lekan's examination of Nazi environmental policy challenges recent work on the "green" Nazis by showing that the Third Reich systematically subordinated environmental concerns to war mobilization and racial hygiene. This book is an original contribution not only to studies of national identity in modern Germany but also to the growing field of European environmental history. Table of Contents: Introduction 1. Nature's Homelands: The Origins of Landscape Preservation, 1885-1914 2. The Militarization of Nature and Heimat, 1914-1923 3. The Landscape of Modernity in theWeimar Era 4. From Landscape to Lebensraum: Race and Environment under Nazism 5. Constructing Nature in the Third Reich Conclusion Abbreviations Notes Sources Acknowledgments Index Writing squarely within the idiom of the 'invented tradition' and the 'imagined nation,' Thomas Lekan argues that in the wake of belated unification and at a time of rapid industrialization, the German landscape came to be seen as a touchstone of national identity. He questions the idea that those engaged in landscape preservation were simply 'antimodern,' and he challenges both scholars who have seen a straightforward continuity from pre-1933 preservationist sentiment to Nazism and those who have made exaggerated claims for the Third Reich as the progenitor of modern green politics. This is a welcome contribution to the literature on local and national identity, joining works by Celia Applegate and Alon Confino, and on the environmental history of modern Germany. Both scholarly and original, Imagining the Nation in Nature is an impressive achievement.--David Blackbourn, Harvard UniversityThis important and timely book contributes to our understanding of German identity as well as to modern concepts of environmentalism and nature. Lekan's valuable contribution elucidates the modern, technocratic, and therapeutic vision of preservation that linked Weimar and the Third Reich. His analysis of Nazi bio-nature is significant and thought-provoking.--Alon Confino, University of Virginia

Landscape protection --- Landscapes --- National socialism and science. --- Science and national socialism --- Science --- Countryside --- Landscape --- Natural scenery --- Scenery --- Scenic landscapes --- Nature --- Beautification of the landscape --- Conservation of landscapes --- Conservation of scenic beauty --- Conservation of scenic resources --- Natural beauty conservation --- Preservation of natural scenery --- Preservation of scenic resources --- Protection of landscapes --- Protection of scenic beauty --- Protection of scenic resources --- Scenery preservation --- Environmental protection --- Nature conservation --- Environmentally sensitive areas --- Landscape assessment --- Regional planning --- Social aspects --- History --- Psychological aspects --- Conservation --- Protection

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This book examines the professional life of Rudolf Greifeld, who was a managing director from 1956 to 1974 at the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center. Main topics are his role in National Socialism and the allegations against him risen in the 1970s. The survey also includes Greifeld's colleagues in the management of the center, whose careers in National Socialism had progressed much further and in some cases had led to much stronger entanglements.

Großforschung --- National Socialism --- Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe --- Large Scale Research --- Nuclear Research Center Karlsruhe --- Nationalsozialismus --- Lawyers --- National socialism and science --- Nuclear physics --- History. --- Greifeld, Rudolf, --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Physics --- Science and national socialism --- Science --- Advocates --- Attorneys --- Bar --- Barristers --- Jurists --- Legal profession --- Solicitors --- Persons --- Representation in administrative proceedings --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Baden-Württemberg (Germany). --- Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Centre --- KFK (Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe) --- Nuclear Research Center (Karlsruhe, Germany) --- Gesellschaft für Kernforschung --- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe

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The book offers a history of the agricultural sciences in Nazi Germany. It analyzes scientific practice under the Nazi regime, Nazi agricultural policy and autarkic strategies as well as expansion policy in Eastern Europe. It also offers new insights into the Auschwitz concentration camp. It outlines the Nazi’s comprehensive nutritional and agricultural research program intended to prepare Germany for war by raising productivity through scientific means, researching the relation between nutrition and performance at the edge of starvation, and restructuring the agricultural economy of the continent. The book reveals the relation between science and power in Nazi Germany beyond the usual dichotomy that paints scientists in Nazi Germany either as victims of oppression or as sadistic beasts. It shows the involvement of a high ranking scientific elite in the Nazi regime of occupation and looting of cultural goods in the occupied eastern territories – largely for the sake of their own careers. The main audience the book addresses are students of history and the history of science, and anyone interested in the history of Nazi Germany.

Plant breeding --- Animal breeding --- Agriculture --- Science and state --- National socialism and science. --- Research --- History. --- History --- Kaiser Wilhelm-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften. --- Kaizā Uiruherumu Gakujutsu Shinkō Kyōkai --- Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft --- Kaizā Viruherumu Kagaku Shinkō Kyōkai --- Kaiser-Wilhelm Institute --- Kaiser Wilhelm Society --- KWG --- K.W.G. --- KWS --- K.W.S. --- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften --- Science and national socialism --- Science --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Domestic animals --- Breeding --- Crops --- Agricultural economics. --- Agriculture. --- Plant genetics. --- Animal physiology. --- History of Science. --- Agricultural Economics. --- History, general. --- Plant Genetics and Genomics. --- Animal Physiology. --- Animal physiology --- Animals --- Biology --- Anatomy --- Plants --- Genetics --- Agrarian question --- Agribusiness --- Agricultural economics --- Agricultural production economics --- Production economics, Agricultural --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Physiology --- Economic aspects --- Kaiser Wilhelm-Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Wissenschaften.