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Alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) of the lung are important contributors to pulmonary immune functions and to pulmonary development and alveolar repair mechanisms following lung injury. AECI, together with the capillary endothelium, form the extremely thin barrier between alveolar air and blood. AECII produce and metabolize the surface-tension lowering and immune-modulating surfactant and are the progentiors of AECI. A great variety of processes rely on their normal functioning, including maintenance of the alveolar barrier; innate immune defense; and processes of differentiation, senescence, apoptosis, and autophagy. The wide range of AEC functions is nicely reflected by the diversity of topics addressed by the four review and eight original articles contained in this Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Beyond the broad spectrum of topics, the authors of this issue also made use of an impressive variety of analytical methods, thus further illustrating the fascinating diversity of aspects related to AEC biology.

JAM-A --- P2X7 receptor --- mouse lung --- alveolar epithelium --- bleomycin-induced lung injury --- GSK-3β --- dietary sugar --- hyperglycemia --- lung mechanics --- alveolar septal composition --- physical activity --- extracellular matrix remodeling --- high-altitude pulmonary edema --- acute mountain sickness --- oxygen diffusion limitation --- surfactant protein B --- atelectrauma --- alveolar fluid --- acinar micromechanics --- acute lung injury --- autophagy --- lysosome --- lysosomal membrane permeability --- mitochondria --- pneumocyte --- microRNA-21 --- alveolar micromechanics --- structural remodeling --- inflammatory signaling --- lung --- alveolus --- type 1 alveolar epithelial cell --- type 2 alveolar epithelial cell --- focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy --- 3D reconstruction --- carbon dioxide --- hypercapnia --- Na,K-ATPase --- endoplasmic reticulum --- sodium transport --- protein oxidation --- alveolar epithelial cells --- pulmonary fibrosis --- epithelial cell dysfunction --- stem cell exhaustion --- pneumonia --- necrotizing --- regeneration --- model --- bovine --- chlamydia --- alveoli --- air-blood barrier --- epithelium --- air-liquid interface --- alveolar lining layer --- glycocalyx --- surfactant --- lung injury --- lung regeneration

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This book provides a comprehensive overview of current standards of anesthesia and intensive care in neonates and children, with a view to promoting standardization in clinical practice. The first part of the book, devoted to issues in intensive care, opens by considering scoring systems for the assessment of sick children. The diagnosis, prevention, and management of ventilator-associated pneumonia are then discussed, and the roles of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation and noninvasive respiratory support are reviewed. Further chapters address procedural sedation and analgesia in children, the progress toward ‘open’ ICUs with liberal visiting policies, and advances in long-term home mechanical ventilation. In the second part of the book, a range of important topics in anesthesia and perioperative medicine are discussed. After a review of safety issues, current trends in pediatric regional and locoregional anesthesia are described and a synopsis is provided on current knowledge regarding the use of central blocks in infants and children. Subsequent chapters are devoted to awareness monitoring, single-lung ventilation techniques, anesthesia in the context of severe prematurity, and emergence delirium. Pediatric Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain: Standardization in Clinical Practice will be an extremely useful source of information for both novices and more experienced practitioners in the field.

Medicine. --- Pediatric anesthesia. --- Pediatric intensive care. --- Age Groups --- Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury --- Cross Infection --- Anesthesia and Analgesia --- Patient Care --- Pneumonia --- Lung Diseases --- Persons --- Respiratory Tract Infections --- Infection --- Health Services --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Lung Injury --- Therapeutics --- Respiratory Tract Diseases --- Bacterial Infections and Mycoses --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Named Groups --- Health Care --- Diseases --- Infant --- Critical Care --- Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated --- Anesthesia --- Child --- Surgery & Anesthesiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Anesthesiology --- Intensive care, Pediatric --- Anesthesia in childhood --- Anesthesiology. --- Emergency medicine. --- Critical care medicine. --- Oncology. --- Pediatrics. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Emergency Medicine. --- Intensive / Critical Care Medicine. --- Critical care medicine --- Pediatric emergencies --- Children --- Surgery --- Oncology  . --- Intensive care --- Intensive medicine --- Medicine --- Emergency medicine --- Intensive care units --- Medicine, Emergency --- Disaster medicine --- Medical emergencies --- Anaesthesiology --- Tumors --- Paediatrics --- Pediatric medicine --- Health and hygiene

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This book discusses the interpretation mechanical ventilator waveforms. Each page shows a screenshot from a real patient and explains one or two messages. It starts with basic information about the waveforms and goes on to address passive and spontaneous ventilation, non-invasive ventilation and specific measurements such as pressure-volume curves and esophageal pressure. Step by step, readers learn about advanced monitoring of patient-ventilator synchronisation. This unique teaching approach has been adapted to this topic. Covering the entire field of mechanical ventilation, it is of particular interest to physicians and respiratory therapist working in emergency departments, anesthesiology, intensive care and respiratory units. .

Artificial respiration. --- Artificial respiration --- Equipment and supplies. --- Medicine. --- Anesthesiology. --- Emergency medicine. --- Critical care medicine. --- Respiratory organs --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Intensive / Critical Care Medicine. --- Pneumology/Respiratory System. --- Emergency Medicine. --- Diseases. --- Artificial ventilation (Therapy) --- Mechanical ventilation (Therapy) --- Pulmonary resuscitation --- Rescue breathing --- Respiration, Artificial --- Ventilation, Mechanical (Therapy) --- First aid in illness and injury --- Respiratory therapy --- Resuscitation --- Pneumology. --- Medicine, Emergency --- Medicine --- Critical care medicine --- Disaster medicine --- Medical emergencies --- Anaesthesiology --- Surgery --- Intensive care --- Intensive medicine --- Emergency medicine --- Intensive care units --- Ventilators, Mechanical --- Monitoring, Physiologic --- Respiratory Mechanics --- Tidal Volume --- instrumentation --- methods --- physiology --- Pulmonary Ventilator --- Pulmonary Ventilators --- Ventilator, Pulmonary --- Ventilators --- Respirators --- Ventilators, Pulmonary --- Mechanical Ventilator --- Mechanical Ventilators --- Respirator --- Ventilator --- Ventilator, Mechanical --- Liquid Ventilation --- Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury --- Respiratory organs—Diseases.

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Human medicine --- Therapeutics --- Equipment and Supplies --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Respiratory Therapy --- Ventilators, Mechanical --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Respiratory System Diseases --- Pulmonary Ventilator --- Pulmonary Ventilators --- Ventilator, Pulmonary --- Ventilators --- Respirators --- Ventilators, Pulmonary --- Mechanical Ventilator --- Mechanical Ventilators --- Respirator --- Ventilator --- Ventilator, Mechanical --- Respiration, Artificial --- Liquid Ventilation --- Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury --- Therapy, Inhalation --- Therapy, Respiratory --- Inhalation Therapy --- Inhalation Therapies --- Respiratory Therapies --- Therapies, Inhalation --- Therapies, Respiratory --- Administration, Inhalation --- Airway Management --- Device, Medical --- Devices, Medical --- Equipment --- Inventories --- Medical Device --- Supplies --- Apparatus and Instruments --- Devices --- Medical Devices --- Device --- Instruments and Apparatus --- Inventory --- Supplies and Equipment --- Therapy --- Treatment --- Therapeutic --- Therapies --- Treatments --- Disease --- therapy

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Physiology of the respiratory system --- Pulmonary circulation --- Pulmonary circulation. --- Circulation, Pulmonary --- Lesser circulation --- Lungs --- Circulation --- Pulmonary Circulation --- Lung Diseases --- Vascular Diseases --- Disease, Vascular --- Diseases, Vascular --- Vascular Disease --- Disease, Pulmonary --- Diseases, Pulmonary --- Pulmonary Disease --- Pulmonary Diseases --- Disease, Lung --- Diseases, Lung --- Lung Disease --- Circulation, Respiratory --- Respiratory Circulation --- vascular disease --- cardiopulmonary disease --- pulmonary hypertension --- lung injury --- right heart failure --- Blood-vessels --- Pulmonary Circulation. --- Vascular Diseases. --- Lung Diseases. --- Diseases --- Diseases. --- Cardiology --- Lung --- Pulmonary Wedge Pressure --- Blood --- Pulmonary diseases --- Angiology --- Vascular diseases --- Vascular system --- Vasculature --- Cardiovascular system --- Cardiopulmonary system --- Chest --- Respiratory organs --- Pathology of the circulatory system --- Pathology of the respiratory system --- Pulmonary Blood Flow --- Blood Flow, Pulmonary --- Flow, Pulmonary Blood --- Pulmonary Blood Flows --- Malalties de l'aparell respiratori. --- Malalties respiratòries --- Malalties --- Asfíxia --- Catarro --- Diftèria --- Dispnea --- Infeccions respiratòries --- Malalties bronquials --- Malalties de l'aparell respiratori en els infants --- Malalties de la pleura --- Malalties del mediastí --- Malalties del tòrax