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In Big Ecology, David C. Coleman documents his historically fruitful ecological collaborations in the early years of studying large ecosystems in the United States. As Coleman explains, the concept of the ecosystem-a local biological community and its interactions with its environment-has given rise to many institutions and research programs, like the National Science Foundation's program for Long Term Ecological Research. Coleman's insider account of this important and fascinating trend toward big science takes us from the paradigm of collaborative interdisciplinary research, starting with the International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957, through the International Biological Program (IBP) of the late 1960's and early 1970's, to the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) programs of the 1980's.

Biotic communities --- Ecosystem management --- Ecology --- Interdisciplinary research. --- Research. --- 1957. --- 1960s. --- 1970s. --- 1980s. --- american ecosystems. --- big science. --- biological communities. --- ecological collaborations. --- ecologists. --- ecology. --- ecosystem science. --- environment. --- insider perspective. --- interdisciplinary research. --- international biological program. --- international geophysical year. --- large ecosystems. --- long term ecological research programs. --- long term ecological research. --- national science foundation. --- nonfiction account. --- research institutions. --- research programs. --- science majors. --- study of ecosystems. --- textbooks. --- united states.

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This Special Issue looks forward as well as backward to best analyze the forest conservation challenges of the Caribbean. This is made possible by 75 years of research and applications by the United States Department of Agriculture, International Institute of Tropical Forestry (the Institute) of Puerto Rico. It transforms Holocene-based scientific paradigms of the tropics into Anthropocene applications and outlooks of wilderness, managed forests, and urban environments. This volume showcases how the focus of the Institute’s programs is evolving to support sustainable tropical forest conservation despite uncertain conditions. The manuscripts showcased here highlight the importance of shared stewardship and a long-term, hands-on approach to conservation, research programs, and novel organizations intended to meet contemporary conservation challenges. Policies relevant to the Anthropocene, as well as the use of experiments to anticipate future responses of tropical forests to global warming, are reexamined in these pages. Urban topics include how cities can co-produce new knowledge to spark sustainable and resilient transformations. Long-term results and research applications of topics such as soil biota, migratory birds, tropical vegetation, substrate chemistry, and the tropical carbon cycle are also described in the volume. Moreover, the question of how to best use land on a tropical island is addressed. This volume is intended to be of interest to all actors involved in long-term sustainable forest management and research in light of the historical lessons and future directions that may come out of a better understanding of tropical cities and forests in the Anthropocene epoch.

n/a --- Ca/Al relationship --- soil organic carbon --- trees --- N/P ratios --- humid tropical forests --- ?15N --- element concentration --- leaf C and N densities --- tropical deforestation --- tropical forest area --- hurricane --- U.S. Forest Service Planning Rule --- El Yunque National Forest --- conservation --- leaf mass per area --- knowledge infrastructures --- knowledge systems --- idiom of co-production --- disturbance --- Puerto Rico --- novel forests --- annual cycle --- latitude --- experiments --- Tropical Forest Management --- secondary forests --- mature forests --- American tropics --- stoichiometry of leaf litter --- allometry --- communications --- contemporary conservation --- and N/P ratios --- succession --- photosynthetic nitrogen use-efficiency --- biomass --- litter --- basal area --- knowledge systems analysis --- tropical --- Long-Term Ecological Research --- naturalized species --- Guánica --- Caribbean --- knowledge co-production --- C/N --- C/P --- volume expansion factors --- tropical forest --- wood --- strategic teams --- dry tropical forests --- tree plantations --- species composition --- climate change --- cities --- Tropical Forest Conservation --- Nearctic-Neotropical --- vision --- forest inventory data --- large-scale --- tropical forest management --- microbiota --- soil biota --- adaptive management --- Luquillo Experimental Forest --- Tropical Forestry Research --- nitrogen fixing trees --- species dominance --- long-term ecological research --- network governance --- leadership --- Forest Service --- ?13C --- elevation --- Anthropocene --- tropical karst --- geospatial analyses --- manipulations --- gradients --- landscape conservation --- element concentration in leaf litter --- tropical agriculture --- land use planning --- tropical forests --- carry over effects --- invertebrates --- introduced species --- land use governance --- long-term

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information theoretic analysis --- multiplexing system --- HSI for biology --- point target detection --- digital elevation model --- neural networks --- oxygen saturation --- black polymers --- PZT --- blood detection --- multivariate analysis --- integral imaging --- hemispherical conical reflectance factor (HCRF) --- sprouting --- fluorescence --- multitemporal hyperspectral images --- plant phenotyping --- hyperspectral data mining and compression --- Raman --- medical imaging by HSI --- compressive detection --- stereo imaging --- image processing --- wound healing --- quality control --- lossless compression --- infrared hyperspectral imaging --- spectral tracking --- time series --- remote sensing --- diabetic foot ulcer --- classification --- Raman spectroscopy --- imaging --- fingerprints --- fusion --- wavelength selection --- Cramer–Rao lower bound --- three-dimensional imaging --- chemical imaging --- CS-MUSI --- total variation --- coastal dynamics --- forward observation model --- hyperspectral imaging --- fluorescence hyperspectral imaging --- age determination --- potatoes --- painting samples --- predictive coding --- hyperspectral --- video --- bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) --- optimal binary filters --- watercolours --- deep learning --- spectroscopy --- moving vehicle imaging --- sorting --- maximum likelihood --- multivariate data analysis --- interval partial least squares --- disease detection --- Raman hyperspectral imaging --- primordial leaf count --- machine learning --- spatial light modulators (SLM) --- Virginia Coast Reserve Long Term Ecological Research (VCR LTER) --- digital micromirror device (DMD) --- hyperspectral microscopy --- alternating direction method of multipliers --- statistical methods for HSI --- multiband image fusion --- digital light processor (DLP) --- linear mixture model --- retouching pigments --- liquid crystal --- principal component analysis --- Chemometrics --- compressive sensing --- PLSR --- Hyperspectral imaging