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We are living in a critical time, both for humanity and the planet, which has led us to look for more sustainable formulas to interact with the environment. One of the important changes in the design and operation of chemical processes is the search for environmentally friendly technologies. Supercritical carbon dioxide has been revealed as a promising environmentally friendly solvent that is energy efficient, selective and capable of reducing waste, making it a promising alternative to conventional organic solvents. However, reliable and versatile mathematical models of phase equilibrium thermodynamics are needed for the use of supercritical carbon dioxide in process design and viability studies. This book reviews experimental procedures for obtaining high-pressure phase equilibria data and describes the phase diagrams of binary mixtures and some thermodynamic models capable of determining the conditions of phase equilibria at high pressures. These concepts are applied to the components of the transesterification reaction of rac-2-pentanol with a vinyl ester, which is important in the pharmaceutical industry because (S)-2-pentanol can be obtained as a reaction product. This product is a key intermediate in the synthesis of drugs against Alzheimer's disease.

Liquid carbon dioxide. --- Phase transformations (Statistical physics) --- Supercritical fluid extraction.

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Supercritical fluids. --- Liquid carbon dioxide. --- Thermochemistry --- Solvents. --- Fluids --- Plasticizers --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Thermodynamics --- Heat --- Carbon dioxide --- Liquefied gases --- Mathematical models.

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Materials processing is the first, and a key, step in proper utilization of the composition of a given material and to realize the microstructural features that are intended to attain desired property levels for a given application. Both primary and secondary processing methods are equally important in tailoring the end properties of materials. In view of the crucial importance of the processing of materials, this Special Issue is intending to cover all innovative aspects of primary processing (solid phase, liquid phase, two phase, 3D printing, rapid solidification, etc.) and secondary processing (such as variations in extrusion, forging, rolling, equichannel angular extrusion, etc.) of materials (polymers/metal/ceramic-based, including their composites). Desirable attributes expected for submission will be processing–microstructure–property interrelations.

Materials science --- electrical discharge machining --- vibroacoustic emission --- adaptive control --- monitoring --- discharge gap --- erosion products --- silver nanoparticles --- mulberry leaves extract --- CO2-assisted polymer compression --- numbering-up --- high productivity --- CO2 --- polymer --- porous material --- process improvement --- 1D magnetic photonic crystals --- multilayer film modeling --- modeling of Faraday rotation spectra --- MPC optimization --- exhaustive computation --- materials characterization --- nanoceramics --- coatings --- auxiliary electrode --- electrical conductivity --- oxides --- nitrides --- carbon particles --- oil medium --- additive technologies --- additive manufacturing --- FFF --- 3D printing --- nylon --- cryogenic machining --- review --- liquid nitrogen --- liquid carbon dioxide --- thermomechanical processing --- bobbin friction stir welding --- atomic force microscopy --- AA6082-T6 aluminium alloy --- dynamic recrystallization --- precipitation --- macroscopic self-standing architectures --- Ni-doped MnO2 --- Co-doped MnO2 --- propane oxidation --- mechanical properties --- 3D-printing --- compensation --- accuracy --- precision --- adsorption --- hydrotalcite --- thiophene/dibenzothiophene --- n-pentane --- desulfurization --- structural ceramic --- oxide ceramic --- EDM --- ZrO2 --- Al2O3 --- electrode --- thin films --- white layer --- electro physics --- chemical reactions --- sublimation --- friction stir welding --- WC --- AA1100 aluminium plate --- weld contamination --- tunnel void --- kissing bond --- erosion --- tool wear --- ZnNix --- explosive deposition --- n/a