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Linen industry --- Wool industry --- History

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The Flax Genome is a comprehensive compilation of most recent studies focused on reference genome, genetic resources and molecular diversity, breeding, QTL mapping, gene editing tools, functional genomics and metabolomics, molecular breeding via genomic selection, and genomic resources. The flax genome reference sequences and the new genome assemblies are presented. A list of flax QTL and candidate genes associated with more than 35 traits, including yield and agronomic, seed quality and fatty acid composition, fibre quality and yield, abiotic stress, and disease resistance traits, are summarized. A QTL- based genomic selection strategy and genome–editing tools are systematically introduced. In addition, huge amounts of flax genomic resources generated in the last decade are summarized. The book contains 13 chapters with about 390 pages authored by globally reputed researchers in the relevant fields to this crop The book is intended to be useful to students, teachers, and researchers interested in traditional and molecular breeding, pathology, molecular genetics and breeding, bioinformatics and computational biology, and functional genomics.

Botany. --- Genetics. --- Biotechnology. --- Plant Science. --- Genetics and Genomics. --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Biology --- Embryology --- Mendel's law --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Breeding --- Chromosomes --- Heredity --- Mutation (Biology) --- Variation (Biology) --- Botanical science --- Floristic botany --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Natural history --- Plants --- Flax. --- Flax industry. --- Textile industry --- Baltic hemp --- Linum usitatissimum --- Oilseed plants --- Yarn --- Linen

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The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is in eclipse as the preeminent institution promoting international economic and financial stability. Successful reform of the IMF must engage the full spectrum of its members. The IMF should not focus primarily on its low-income members and the challenges of global poverty nor should it focus exclusively on international financial crises affecting a small group of vulnerable emerging-market economies. Instead, it must be engaged with each of its members potentially on the full range of their economic and financial policies and play a central role in shaping global economic performance. This important new book strongly argues that systemically important countries, starting with the Group of Seven, must support the IMF in this role. Its recommendations cover all key aspects of IMF responsibilities and operations: (1) In the crucial area of governance, the membership of the IMF should promptly address the reallocation of IMF shares (voting power) and the reallocation of chairs (representation on the IMF executive board), and it is time to discard the old conventions and to adopt a merit-based approach to the choice of the IMF's leadership; (2) mechanisms should be put in place to increase the IMF's leverage over systemically important members, and the IMF must act more forcefully in discharging its responsibility to exercise firm surveillance over members' exchange rate policies; (3) the Fund's central role in external financial crises should be reaffirmed; (4) the IMF should narrow and refocus its involvement with its low-income members; (5) the IMF's activities should be updated with respect to members' capital account policies and financial sectors; and (6) the IMF should put in place procedures for borrowing from the market to guard against the possibility that it will not receive timely increases in its quota resources.

International finance --- International Monetary Fund --- BUSINESS & ECONOMICS --- International / Economics --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- International Finance --- AA / International- internationaal --- 333.432.8 --- 332.152 --- 330.05 --- International monetary system --- International money --- International economic relations --- Internationale monetaire organisatie. Internationaal Muntfonds. Algemene leningovereenkomsten. --- International Monetary Fund. --- Mezhdunarodnyĭ vali︠u︡tnyĭ fond --- Международный валютный фонд --- Miz︠h︡narodnyĭ vali︠u︡tnyĭ fond --- Fundo Monetário Internacional --- Fondo Monetario Internacional --- IMF (International Monetary Fund) --- FMI (International Monetary Fund) --- Internationaler Währungsfonds --- Kokusai Tsūka Kikin --- Fonds monétaire international --- Kukche Tʻonghwa Kigŭm --- Kansainvälinen Valuuttarahasto --- Kuo chi huo pi chi chin --- Fondul Monetar International --- Ṣundūq al-Naqd al-Dawlī --- Fondo M. Internacional --- IWF (International Monetary Fund) --- Kō̜ngthun Kānngœ̄n rawāng Prathēt --- MVF (International Monetary Fund) --- Międzynarodowy Fundusz Walutowy --- Mulya Aramudala --- I.M.F. (International Monetary Fund) --- Quỹ tiè̂n tệ quó̂c té̂ --- Nemzetközi Valuta Alap --- صندوق النقد الدولي --- 国际货币基金组织 --- 国際通貨基金 --- 國際貨幣基金組織 --- Fundu Monetariu Internacional --- Ṣundūq al-Naqd al-Duwalī --- DNT (Organization) --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- International finance. --- Internationale monetaire organisatie. Internationaal Muntfonds. Algemene leningovereenkomsten --- IMF.

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This book describes the history of the IMF from its birth, through the Bretton Woods era, and in the aftermath. Special attention is paid to integrating IMF history with the macro-economic policies of member countries and of other international institutions as well. This collection of work presents a clear understanding, inter alia, of the influence of the United States over IMF policy via the National Advisory Committee; the dealings of the IMF with the UK on pound sterling policy; the institutional change of the IMF brought about by Per Jacobsson, the third managing director; and France, Italy, Germany, Canada, and Japan vis-à-vis IMF consultations. It also provides the reader with topics concerning the bankers’ acceptance market function and international liquidity issues in relation to IMF policy; the final chapter sheds light on the long-standing relations between the IMF and China, from the Bretton Woods Agreement to the contemporary period. All the chapters are archive-based academic studies providing deep insights with historical background, which makes this book the first thoroughly independent achievement in the field of IMF history. This book is highly recommended to readers interested in contemporary monetary and financial history and those who seek to obtain a coherent image of postwar international institutions and markets.

Economics/Management Science. --- Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics. --- Public Finance & Economics. --- Finance/Investment/Banking. --- International Relations. --- Political Economy. --- Economics. --- Macroeconomics. --- Finance. --- Economie politique --- Macroéconomie --- Finances --- International finance --- Business & Economics --- Economic Theory --- History --- History. --- International Monetary Fund --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Political economy. --- International relations. --- Public finance. --- Economic history. --- Economic History. --- Public Economics. --- Finance, general. --- International Political Economy. --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- Funding --- Funds --- Economics --- Currency question --- Cameralistics --- Public finance --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- Public finances --- International Monetary Fund. --- DNT (Organization) --- FMI (International Monetary Fund) --- Fondo M. Internacional --- Fondo Monetario Internacional --- Fonds monétaire international --- Fondul Monetar International --- Fundo Monetário Internacional --- Fundu Monetariu Internacional --- I.M.F. (International Monetary Fund) --- IMF (International Monetary Fund) --- Internationaler Währungsfonds --- IWF (International Monetary Fund) --- Kansainvälinen Valuuttarahasto --- Kokusai Tsūka Kikin --- Kō̜ngthun Kānngœ̄n rawāng Prathēt --- Kukche Tʻonghwa Kigŭm --- Kuo chi huo pi chi chin --- Mezhdunarodnyĭ vali͡utnyĭ fond --- Międzynarodowy Fundusz Walutowy --- Miz͡hnarodnyĭ vali͡utnyĭ fond --- Mulya Aramudala --- MVF (International Monetary Fund) --- Nemzetközi Valuta Alap --- Quỹ tiè̂n tệ quó̂c t --- Ṣundūq al-Naqd al-Dawl --- Ṣundūq al-Naqd al-Duwal

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Series Editor: Timothy M. Shaw, Visiting Professor, University of Massachusetts Boston, USA and Emeritus Professor, University of London, UK This books provides a timely comparative case study that reveals the factors driving the International Monetary Fund's policy reform in Low Income Developing Countries (LIDCs), as a resurgent IMF expands its footprint in the world's poorest states. Through a research design that employs both mainstream and critical IPE theory, Mark Hibben uncovers three major tendencies. Principal-agent analysis, he argues, demonstrates that coalition formation among powerful states, IMF staff and management, and other influential actors is necessary for policy reform. At the same time, he uses constructivist analysis to show that ideational frameworks of what merits appropriate macroeconomic policy response also have an impact on reform efforts, and that IMF management and staff seek legitimacy in their policy choices. In response to the crises in 1999 and 2008, the author maintains, poverty and inequality now 'matter' in IMF thinking and serve as an opportunity for policy insiders and external actors to deepen the institution's new commitment to 'inclusive' growth. Finally, Hibben draws on neo-Gramscian analysis to highlight how the IMF looked to soften the destabilizing effects of globalization through reforms focused on stakeholder participation in poor states and will continue to do so in its support of the new United Nation Sustainable Development Goals. This means that the 2015-2030 time period will be a critical juncture for IMF LIDC reform. By drawing from diverse theoretical traditions, the author thus provides a unique framework for the study of contemporary IMF change and how best those interested in LIDC policy reform can meet this objective. Mark Hibben is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Saint Joseph’s College of Maine, US.

Political science. --- Political economy. --- Poverty. --- Political Science and International Relations. --- Political Economy. --- Poverty, Aid and Development. --- Economic assistance --- International Monetary Fund. --- Developing countries --- Economic policy. --- Economic conditions. --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- International Political Economy. --- Development Aid. --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Developing countries. --- DNT (Organization) --- FMI (International Monetary Fund) --- Fondo M. Internacional --- Fondo Monetario Internacional --- Fonds monétaire international --- Fondul Monetar International --- Fundo Monetário Internacional --- Fundu Monetariu Internacional --- I.M.F. (International Monetary Fund) --- IMF (International Monetary Fund) --- Internationaler Währungsfonds --- IWF (International Monetary Fund) --- Kansainvälinen Valuuttarahasto --- Kokusai Tsūka Kikin --- Kō̜ngthun Kānngœ̄n rawāng Prathēt --- Kukche Tʻonghwa Kigŭm --- Kuo chi huo pi chi chin --- Mezhdunarodnyĭ vali͡utnyĭ fond --- Międzynarodowy Fundusz Walutowy --- Miz͡hnarodnyĭ vali͡utnyĭ fond --- Mulya Aramudala --- MVF (International Monetary Fund) --- Nemzetközi Valuta Alap --- Quỹ tiè̂n tệ quó̂c t --- Ṣundūq al-Naqd al-Dawl --- Ṣundūq al-Naqd al-Duwal --- Emerging nations --- Fourth World --- Global South --- LDC's --- Least developed countries --- Less developed countries --- Newly industrialized countries --- Newly industrializing countries --- NICs --- Third World --- Underdeveloped areas --- Underdeveloped countries