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This book represents a Special Issue collection called: “Optimising Soilless Culture Systems and Alternative Growing Media to Current Used Materials”. Nine original papers, one review, and an Editorial from 41 authors from different countries were published in this Special Issue. New strategies and technologies, including new sustainable raw materials, should be continually developed to solve specific cultivation limitations, optimise existing systems, reduce related environmental impacts, and address the impacts of climate change.

suppressiveness --- Trichoderma harzianum --- peat --- compost --- substrate --- Vaccinium corymbosum --- container --- ammonium uptake --- southern highbush blueberry --- organic fertilizer --- hydroponic --- ribotypes --- vermicompost leachate --- Spinacia oleracea --- substrates --- soilless culture systems --- photosynthetic pigments --- phenols --- flavonoids --- ascorbic acid --- DPPH --- FRAP --- Aquaponics --- soilless cucumber --- leachate pH --- cucumber yield --- peat substitute --- growing media --- decision tree --- feasibility --- heather --- cattail --- reed --- alder --- peat reduction --- cascade hydroponics --- basil --- salinity --- amino acids --- nutrients --- root restriction --- nutrient solution --- irrigation frequency --- rootzone temperature --- oxygenation --- vapour pressure deficit --- lighting --- rootzone pH --- root exudates --- CO2 --- plant-microorganism relationships --- NH4+ --- NO3− --- nitrification --- Q10 --- modeling --- greenhouse gases --- greenhouse --- organic substrates --- carotenoids --- phenolic compounds --- carbon dioxide --- nitrous oxide --- methane --- N2O --- CH4 --- n/a

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This collection of 11 papers introduces broad topics covering various professional disciplines related to the research arena of land use and water quality. The papers exemplify the important links between agriculture and water quality in surface and ground waters as well as the pollution problems around urban areas. Advancement of new technologies for analyzing links between land use and water quality problems as well as insights into new tools for analyzing large monitoring datasets are highlighted in this collection of papers.

nitrate --- groundwater --- source apportionment --- modelling --- nitrogen sources --- leachate rate --- water quality --- machine learning --- recurrent neural network --- PCA --- DST --- software --- model --- drinking water --- diffuse pollution --- catchment management --- farm management --- farm advisors --- agricultural impact --- stream --- nitrogen concentration --- nitrogen losses --- eutrophication --- N sources --- spatiotemporal patterns of pollution --- N transport processes --- Qiandao Lake Basin --- fertilization --- stream water pollution --- land use pattern --- scale effect --- redundancy analysis --- urbanization --- nitrogen budget --- nitrogen balance --- water pollution --- nitrates --- agriculture --- deficit analysis --- phosphorus --- inland surface waters --- Water Framework Directive --- LAWA --- Schleswig-Holstein --- climate change --- land management --- extreme weather events --- concentration–discharge relationship --- export behaviour --- hysteresis --- lag times --- link indicator --- DPLSIR framework --- land use --- nutrients --- surplus --- management --- mitigation measures --- monitoring and mapping technologies

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Clean water is one of the most important natural resources on earth. Wastewater, which is spent water, is also a valuable natural resource. However, wastewater may contain many contaminants and cannot be released back into the environment until the contaminants are removed. Untreated wastewater and inadequately treated wastewater may have a detrimental effect on the environment and has a harmful effect on human health. Water quality engineering addresses the sources, transport and treatment of chemical and microbiological contaminants that affect water. Objectives for the treatment of wastewater are that the treated wastewater can meet national effluent standards for the protection of the environment and the protection of public health. This book, which is based on the Special Issue, includes contributions on advanced technologies applied to the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater and sludge. The book deals with recent advances in municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, and sludge treatment technologies, health effects of municipal wastewater, risk management, energy efficient wastewater treatment, water sustainability, water reuse and resource recovery.

Dimocarpus longan seeds --- leachate treatment --- coagulant–flocculation --- polyaluminium chloride --- enteric virus --- remediation technology --- water quality --- chitosan --- diclofenac --- ibuprofen --- magnetic biochar --- naproxen --- aerobic–MOB–anoxic process --- biogas --- denitrification --- mixed methanotroph culture --- WWTP --- ionizing radiation --- agricultural effluents --- dye treatment --- pharmaceutical effluents --- disinfection --- ammonia --- zeolite --- electrocoagulation --- response surface methodology --- stabilized --- leachate --- adsorption capacity --- decentralized water supply --- electrochemical reaction --- inconsistent view --- sand filtration --- wastewater treatment --- zero-valent iron --- submergence --- eutrophication --- invasive-native competition --- growth rate --- morphological traits --- polluted urban river --- sequential constructed wetlands --- purification effect --- water restoration --- Yitong River --- air gap membrane distillation --- heavy metal removal --- industrial wastewater --- greywater treatment --- house onsite --- reuse --- irrigation --- acceptance --- barriers --- heavy metals determination --- groundwater --- greywater --- adsorption --- separation --- inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy --- natural and modified polymer --- biodegradability --- toxicant dyes --- industrial wastewater treatment --- kinetic studies --- Moringa oleifera --- plant seed biomass --- prediction modeling --- diclofenac (DIC) --- pH-dependent degradation mechanism --- reactive site --- tunnel-structured manganese oxide --- γ-MnO2 --- Lemna minor bioassay --- visual system --- computer vision --- water pollution assessment --- bioindicators --- synthetic nanoparticles --- nTiO2 and nCeO2 --- waste water treatment --- sp-ICP-MS nanoparticle tracking --- acid mine drainage --- sulphate reduction --- sulphate reducing bacteria --- n/a --- coagulant-flocculation --- aerobic-MOB-anoxic process

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In nature, urban groundwater results in multiple processes, including climatic, geological, geomorphological, geochemical, ecotoxicological, and hydraulic processes, in addition to sanitation, all of which sustain varied ecological services. Urban development profoundly impacts hydrological systems, particularly in the invisible component of the water cycle, the groundwater. That impact was perceived a considerable while in the past, and the initial focus was drawn to societal roles in the development of urbanisation and the consequent contamination and pollution of hydrosystems. Additional issues in sustainable water resource management and hydrological cycle comprehension are added by urbanisation. The Special Issue highlights the presentation and discussion of model urban studies and reflections that describe the current state-of-the-art methods on challenges and emerging fields related to the mapping, characterisation, assessment, mitigation, and protection of sustainable groundwater systems in peri-urban and urban areas. In the current year, 2022, World Water Day was dedicated to groundwater, and the process of making the invisible visible. This Special Issue offers a set of papers that promote reflections, methodologies, and learned studies on the importance of fresh water in urban areas.

Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- water resources carrying capacity --- load-balance --- system dynamics model --- water resources allocation --- Jilin province --- wildfire --- peri-urban area --- groundwater quality --- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons --- major ions --- metals --- urban groundwater --- hydrogeochemistry --- hydrodynamics --- IPI-Urban --- NW Portugal --- emergency groundwater source --- numerical model --- drawdown --- in situ hydrogeological tests --- salinity --- ions --- semi-arid region --- Mewat --- Haryana --- environmental isotope --- δ2H --- municipal solid waste --- leachate contamination --- natural tracers --- coal mine wastewater quality --- irrigation --- heavy metals --- water quality index --- environmental impact --- groundwater sustainable management --- groundwater abstraction --- seawater intrusion --- numerical modelling --- coastal aquifer --- urban water-supply --- groundwater --- private self-supply --- management issues --- water supply system --- volcanism --- eruptive scenarios --- vulnerability --- Azores --- wellhead protection area --- numerical modeling --- analytical methods --- n/a --- Research. --- Environmental economics.

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This book focuses on the tools and methods used for tackling the complexity of the different hydrological and hydrogeological set-ups, the hydrodynamic patterns, the site specifications, and the wide variability of internal and external factors and/or processes on the catchment-scale level that impose the need for combined integrated approaches of robust methods. This Special Issue aims to provide successful applications or new insights on the stand-alone or joint considerations of groundwater resources assessment and characterization methods and explore new state-of-the-art methodological concepts in light of a rapidly changing environment.

drought --- precipitation --- SPI --- groundwater salinization --- karst --- seawater intrusion --- Soil and Water Assessment Tool --- SEAWAT model --- irrigation management --- groundwater --- climate change --- sea level rise --- nitrate --- leachate --- modelling --- validation --- state scale --- integrated water resources management --- coastal agricultural basin --- groundwater nitrate pollution --- hydrochemistry --- hydrodynamics --- environmental isotopes --- Tirnavos basin --- groundwater recharge --- groundwater sustainability --- hydrology models --- Modder River --- sustainability index --- GALDIT --- monthly vulnerability --- seawater intrusion (SWI) --- vulnerability assessment --- effective weight --- densely populated area --- freshwater–saltwater interactions --- multilayer coastal aquifer --- hydro-geochemistry --- Tevere River delta --- Ostia Antica archaeological park --- drinking and irrigation water scarcity --- groundwater potential mapping --- machine learning --- remote sensing --- GIS --- karstic mountainous aquifers --- Morocco --- hydrogeological properties --- natural groundwater fluctuations --- semi-arid zones --- depleting groundwater resources --- Guadalupe Valley Aquifer --- chromium --- ultramafic rocks --- springs --- water–rock interaction --- natural background levels --- aquifer --- intrinsic vulnerability --- RIVA method --- index-overlay method --- n/a --- freshwater-saltwater interactions --- water-rock interaction