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How should we think about the meaning of the words that make up our language? How does reference of these terms work, and what is their referent when these are connected to abstract objects rather than to concrete ones? Can logic help to address these questions? This collection of papers aims to unify the questions of syntax and semantics of language, which span across the fields of logic, philosophy and ontology of language. The leading motif of the presented selection is the differentiation between linguistic tokens (material, concrete objects) on the one hand and linguistic types (ideal, abstract objects) on the other. Through a promenade among articles that span over all of the Author's career, this book addresses the complex philosophical question of the ontology of language by following the crystalline conceptual tools offered by logic. At the core of Wybraniec-Skardowska's scholarship is the idea that language is an ontological being, characterized in compliance with the logical conception of language proposed by Ajdukiewicz. The application throughout the book of tools of classical logic and set theory results fosters the emergence of a general formal logical theory of syntax, semantics and of the pragmatics of language, which takes into account the duality token-type in the understanding of linguistic expressions. Via a functional approach to language itself, logic appears as ontologically neutral with respect to existential assumptions relating to the nature of linguistic expressions and their extra-linguistic counterparts. The book is addressed to readers both at the graduate and undergraduate level, but also to a more general audience interested in getting a firmer grip on the interplay between reality and the language we use to describe and understand it.
Mathematical logic --- Philosophy of science --- Logic --- Mathematics --- wetenschapsfilosofie --- wiskunde --- logica --- Language and languages --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical. --- Philosophy. --- Filosofia del llenguatge --- Lògica matemàtica --- Lògica matemàtica.
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Computer logic --- Computer science --- Algorithms --- Informàtica --- Enginyeria de programari --- Lògica informàtica --- Algorismes --- Lògica matemàtica
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Algebraic logic. --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Lògica algebraica --- Lògica algèbrica --- Lògica matemàtica --- Àlgebra de Boole
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Computer science --- Mathematics. --- Computer mathematics --- Electronic data processing --- Mathematics --- Sistemes informàtics --- Decidibilitat (Lògica matemàtica) --- Matemàtica discreta
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Algebraic logic. --- Lògica algebraica --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Lògica algèbrica --- Lògica matemàtica --- Àlgebra de Boole
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The greatly expanded and updated 3rd edition of this textbook offers the reader a comprehensive introduction to the concepts of logic functions and equations and their applications across computer science and engineering. The authors’ approach emphasizes a thorough understanding of the fundamental principles as well as numerical and computer-based solution methods. The book provides insight into applications across propositional logic, binary arithmetic, coding, cryptography, complexity, logic design, and artificial intelligence. Updated throughout, some major additions for the 3rd edition include: a new chapter about the concepts contributing to the power of XBOOLE; a new chapter that introduces into the application of the XBOOLE-Monitor XBM 2; many tasks that support the readers in amplifying the learned content at the end of the chapters; solutions of a large subset of these tasks to confirm learning success; challenging tasks that need the power of the XBOOLE software for their solution. The XBOOLE-monitor XBM 2 software is used to solve the exercises; in this way the time-consuming and error-prone manipulation on the bit level is moved to an ordinary PC, more realistic tasks can be solved, and the challenges of thinking about algorithms leads to a higher level of education.
Electronic circuits. --- Logic design. --- Computer science --- Discrete mathematics. --- Electronic Circuits and Systems. --- Logic Design. --- Discrete Mathematics in Computer Science. --- Mathematics. --- Àlgebra de Boole --- Lògica matemàtica --- Teoria de màquines --- Lògica matemàtica.
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The congruences of a lattice form the congruence lattice. Over the last several decades, the study of congruence lattices has established itself as a large and important field with a great number of interesting and deep results, as well as many open problems. Written by one of the leading experts in lattice theory, this text provides a self-contained introduction to congruences of finite lattices and presents the major results of the last 90 years. It features the author’s signature “Proof-by-Picture” method, which is used to convey the ideas behind formal proofs in a visual, more intuitive manner. Key features include: an insightful discussion of techniques to construct "nice" finite lattices with given congruence lattices and "nice" congruence-preserving extensions complete proofs, an extensive bibliography and index, and over 180 illustrations additional chapters covering new results of the last seven years, increasing the size of this edition to 430 pages, 360 statements, and 262 references This text is appropriate for a one-semester graduate course in lattice theory, and it will also serve as a valuable reference for researchers studying lattices. Reviews of previous editions: “[This] monograph…is an exceptional work in lattice theory, like all the contributions by this author. The way this book is written makes it extremely interesting for the specialists in the field but also for the students in lattice theory. — Cosmin Pelea, Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Mathematica LII (1), 2007 "The book is self-contained, with many detailed proofs presented that can be followed step-by-step. I believe that this book is a much-needed tool for any mathematician wishing a gentle introduction to the field of congruences representations of finite lattices, with emphasis on the more 'geometric' aspects." — Mathematical Reviews.
Group theory --- Ordered algebraic structures --- Algebra --- Geometry --- Discrete mathematics --- Geology. Earth sciences --- algebra --- discrete wiskunde --- wiskunde --- geofysica --- geometrie --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical. --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Teoria dels reticles --- Àlgebra --- Estructures algebraiques ordenades --- Lògica matemàtica --- Graphic methods. --- Lògica matemàtica.
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Lògica informàtica --- Lògica de la informàtica --- Lógica dels ordinadors --- Lògica matemàtica --- Computer logic --- Computer science --- Research. --- Informatics --- Science
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This book is the first to present a comprehensive investigation of the technical features of the metainferential logics developed in the last years, with their most relevant results and applications. It provides some new paths to define and investigate metainferential logics and offers a thorough study of the semantics and the proof-theories of this new and exciting variety of families of logics. This volume examines the hierarchies of metainferential logics and gives a general and systematic theory of them, and of the truth theories based on these logics. This book puts forward the prospects for truth-theories based on the metainferential logics of the TS/ST hierarchy and argues for its promise noting that each of these logics can be safely expanded with a transparent truth predicate. It also goes onto to explore new developments in three fields related to logics – namely metainferential logics built by means of the Weak Kleene schema and combining them with logics defined through the Strong Kleene schema, proof-theoretic presentations, and those with a with a global or an absolutely global validity standard, instead of a local one. This book is of interest to scholars in formal logic.
Logic. --- Algebra. --- Machine theory. --- Order, Lattices, Ordered Algebraic Structures. --- Formal Languages and Automata Theory. --- Àlgebra --- Teoria de màquines --- Lògica matemàtica
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