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This book presents, for the first time, a collection of studies on the ecology of the rich and diverse large herbivore assemblages of South and Southeast Asia. Written by experts on herbivores of the region, it covers a comprehensive range of topics, including their evolutionary history, behaviour, nutrition, population ecology, patterns of diversity across environmental gradients, roles as seed dispersers and regulators of plant growth and community composition, and their conservation in the face of hunting and global change. Large terrestrial mammalian herbivores play critical roles in ecosystems, serving as regulators of energy and nutrient cycles, modulators of plant community composition and grassland-woodland transitions, agents of seed dispersal, and as prey for large carnivores. Though large herbivores represent a prominent component of mammalian assemblages throughout South and Southeast Asia, today little is known about their roles in the regions’ ecosystems.div>.

Ecology --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Herbivores --- Ecology. --- Herbivora --- Herbivorous animals --- Phytophagous animals --- Plant-eating animals --- Plant-feeding animals --- Animals --- Animal ecology. --- Animal Ecology. --- Zoology

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This book provides an overview of the current knowledge of herbivory. This book contains chapters from a wide variety of topics that fall into the following broad sections: (I) ""Plant Defense Mechanisms and Herbivore Adaptations,"" (II) ""Herbivory and Food Processing of Grazing Animals,"" and (III) ""Herbivory Effects on Plant Communities."" More specifically, the contributions of this book, written by experts in their respective fields, focus on topics including the chemical plant defense against herbivores as well as herbivore adaptions to plant cyanide defenses, the utilization of biomarkers to study grazing behavior of ruminants, modeling for describing ruminant herbivory, as well as improving grain processing to improve dairy cow performance. Contributions on positive indirect interactions in marine herbivores and algae are included, as is one focusing on herbivory by lizards. These chapters represent recent contributions showing the diversity of ongoing research in this field of study. This book targets a wide audience of general biologists as well as botanists, ecologists, and zoologists including both teachers and students in gaining a better appreciation of this rapidly growing field.

Herbivores --- Ecology. --- Herbivora --- Herbivorous animals --- Phytophagous animals --- Plant-eating animals --- Plant-feeding animals --- Animals --- Life Sciences --- Animal Biology --- Ethology --- Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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Plants face a daunting array of creatures that eat them, bore into them, and otherwise use virtually every plant part for food, shelter, or both. But although plants cannot flee from their attackers, they are far from defenseless. In addition to adaptations like thorns, which may be produced in response to attack, plants actively alter their chemistry and physiology in response to damage. For instance, young potato plant leaves being eaten by potato beetles respond by producing chemicals that inhibit beetle digestive enzymes. Over the past fifteen years, research on these induced responses to herbivory has flourished, and here Richard Karban and Ian T. Baldwin present the first comprehensive evaluation and synthesis of this rapidly developing field. They provide state-of-the-discipline reviews and highlight areas where new research will be most productive. Their comprehensive overview will be welcomed by a wide variety of theoretical and applied researchers in ecology, evolutionary biology, plant biology, entomology, and agriculture.

Animal-plant relationships. --- Herbivores --- Plant defenses. --- Defense mechanisms, Plant --- Defenses, Plant --- Mechanisms, Plant defense --- Plant defense mechanisms --- Plant self-protection --- Plants --- Self-defense in plants --- Self-protection in plants --- Plant ecology --- Dangerous plants --- Poisonous plants --- Herbivora --- Herbivorous animals --- Phytophagous animals --- Plant-eating animals --- Plant-feeding animals --- Animals --- Animal-plant interactions --- Animals and plants --- Interactions, Animal-plant --- Plant-animal interactions --- Plant-animal relationships --- Plants and animals --- Relationships, Animal-plant --- Ecology --- Ecology. --- Defenses --- herbivores, vegetables, plants, flora, plant, eating, food, animals, fauna, shelter, nature, natural world, defenses, defense, response, chemistry, physiology, biology, botany, thorns, adaptation, darwin, selection, genes, chemical, enzyme, evaluation, synthesis, academic, scholarly, research, college, university, higher education, textbook, agriculture, resistance.

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In this book we undertake one of the first global-scale comparisons of the relationships between tropical plants and frugivorous animal communities, comparing sites within and across continents. In total, 12 primary contributors, including noted plant and animal ecologists, present newly-analyzed long-term datasets on the floristics and phenological rhythms of their study sites, identifying important seed dispersers and key plant taxa that sustain animal communities in Africa, Madagascar, Australasia, and the Neotropics.

Animal-plant relationships --- Frugivores --- Tropical fruit --- Subtropical fruit --- Subtropical fruits --- Tropical fruits --- Fruit --- Tropical plants --- Fructivorous animals --- Frugivorous animals --- Frugivorous fauna --- Fruit-eating animals --- Herbivores --- Animal-plant interactions --- Animals and plants --- Interactions, Animal-plant --- Plant-animal interactions --- Plant-animal relationships --- Plants and animals --- Relationships, Animal-plant --- Ecology --- Plant Ecology. --- Life sciences. --- Ecology. --- Animal ecology. --- Endangered ecosystems. --- Evolution (Biology). --- Life Sciences, general. --- Animal Ecology. --- Ecosystems. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Botany --- Plants --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biology --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Threatened ecosystems --- Biotic communities --- Nature conservation --- Zoology --- Balance of nature --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- 574.43 --- 581.47 --- 581.522.67 --- 591.531.1 --- 581.47 Fruit --- 591.531.1 Plant eaters in general. Herbivores. Phytophages --- Plant eaters in general. Herbivores. Phytophages --- 581.522.67 Dissemination by animals --- Dissemination by animals --- Food chains (networks, webs) --- Plant ecology. --- Ecology . --- Evolutionary biology. --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Floristic ecology

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Mixed cropping, also known as inter-cropping or co-cultivation, is a plant production system that involves planting two or more species (or cultivars) in the same field in a variable order—row or rowless—simultaneously. Mixed cropping plays an important role in sustainable agriculture by adding value to crop rotations and agroecosystems. Scientific investigations on environmentally friendly mixed cropping should be supported by studies on the direct costs and long-term benefits that are the most relevant to farmers. Meeting the need to strengthen the scientific basis for mixed crops, the papers in this Special Issue enhance our understanding of the following: The selection of species and cultivars for a mixed crop system as well as the choice of agricultural treatments that will secure a stable yield of mixtures; Inter- and intra- species competition of plants in a canopy; Ecological intensification approaches and opportunities for maximizing crop performance and yield in mixtures; The effects of mixed crops on crop rotations; The short- and long-term ecosystem benefits of mixtures; The effects on pests and the biodiversity of agroecosystems provided by mixtures; The economic aspects of adopting the mixtures in farms; The nutritive value of mixtures for livestock; Other topics related to the mixed cropping.

barley --- oats --- triticale --- yield --- leaf area index --- land equivalent ratio --- standard gross margin --- brachiaria --- cereal-livestock production --- perception --- push-pull technology --- smallholder farmers --- proximity effect --- border effect --- neighbor effect --- strip intercropping --- legume --- cereals --- Hordeum vulgare --- Lolium multiflorum --- phosphorus --- water stress --- competition indices --- plant development stages --- spring cereal mixtures --- grain yield --- protein yield --- metabolic energy yield --- differentiations of cereal mixture --- sustainable agriculture --- maize --- Zea mays L. --- biodiversity --- intercropping --- silage --- growth --- quality --- non-legume --- mixed crop --- herbivores --- pest population --- natural enemy --- cereal–legume mixture --- common vetch --- cultivar --- soil quality --- cereal-legume mixture --- organic farming --- conventional farming --- leaf greenness index --- seed yield --- yield components --- n/a