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This is a study of what ethical principles and practices people around the world hold in common and what institutions best allow virtue to flourish. It is based on a Carnegie Council project on comparative ethics that Michael Ignatieff has run for the past three years. Most works of comparative ethics look at formal systems of belief. What, for example, do Christian and Confucian texts say about the role of the family? What do the Koran or John Rawls say about treatment of the poor? This is, by contrast, a work of "lived ethics." Ignatieff took a team of researchers around the world to examine what values and ethical beliefs guide diverse people in practice. They went to places where people are living under unusual stresses or where contemporary social challenges are particularly clear. They went to Brazil, for example, to discuss life where corruption is a serious problem, to Sarajevo to talk about reconciliation, to Queens in New York to talk about diversity, and to Fukushima, Japan, to talk about disaster and recovery. Overall, they found more commonality than they were expecting, that whatever formal systems of belief prevail, people tend to orient themselves in similar ways around the values of trust, tolerance, forgiveness, reconciliation, and resilience. But where people are suffering they often doubt that others share their ethical beliefs and begin to circle the wagons to defend their own group. We shouldn't expect citizens to be heroes. So what institutions and political arrangements encourage or inhibit virtue? Overall, Ignatieff says, liberal constitutionalism seems most effective, but only as long as poverty and inequality are not allowed to get out of hand.--

Applied ethics --- Ethics --- Virtues --- Ethics, Comparative. --- Social aspects --- Political aspects

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The war on terrorism, say America's leaders, is a war of Good versus Evil. But in the minds of the perpetrators, the September 11 attacks on New York and Washington were presumably justified as ethically good acts against American evil. Is such polarization leading to a violent "clash of civilizations" or can differences between ethical systems be reconciled through rational dialogue? This book provides an extraordinary resource for thinking clearly about the diverse ways in which humans see good and evil. In nine essays and responses, leading thinkers ask how ethical pluralism can be understood by classical liberalism, liberal-egalitarianism, critical theory, feminism, natural law, Confucianism, Islam, Judaism, and Christianity. Each essay addresses five questions: Is the ideal society ethically uniform or diverse? Should the state protect, ban, or otherwise intervene in ethically based differences? How should disagreements on the rights and duties of citizens be dealt with? Should the state regulate life-and-death decisions such as euthanasia? To what extent should conflicting views on sexual relationships be accommodated? This book shows that contentious questions can be discussed with both incisiveness and civility. The editors provide the introduction and Donald Moon, the conclusion. The contributors are Brian Barry, Joseph Boyle, Simone Chambers, Joseph Chan, Christine Di Stefano, Dale F. Eickelman, Menachem Fisch, William Galston, John Haldane, Chandran Kukathas, David Little, Muhammad Khalid Masud, Carole Pateman, William F. Scheuerman, Adam B. Seligman, James W. Skillen, James Tully, and Lee H. Yearley.

Comparative ethics --- Ethics [Comparative ] --- Ethique comparée --- Pluralism (Social sciences) --- Pluralisme (Sciences sociales) --- Pluralisme (Sociale wetenschappen) --- Vergelijkende ethiek --- Ethical relativism. --- Ethics, Comparative. --- Religious ethics. --- 261 --- Ethics, Comparative --- Verschillende betrekkingen van de Kerk; de Kerk in een pluralistische maatschappij --- Cultural diversity --- Diversity, Cultural --- Diversity, Religious --- Ethnic diversity --- Pluralism, Cultural --- Religious diversity --- Culture --- Cultural fusion --- Ethnicity --- Multiculturalism --- Philosophy, Comparative --- Religions --- Moral relativism --- Relativism, Ethical --- Relativity (Ethics) --- Ethics --- Ethics, Evolutionary --- Ethical relativism --- Religious ethics

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Chinese and Greco-Roman ethics present highly articulate views on how one should live; both of these traditions remain influential in modern philosophy. The question arises how these traditions can be compared with one another. Comparative ethics is a relatively young discipline, and this volume is a major contribution to the field. Fundamental questions about the nature of comparing ethics are treated in two introductory chapters, followed by chapters on core issues in each of the traditions : harmony, virtue, friendship, knowledge, the relation of ethics to morality, relativism. The volume closes with a number of comparative studies on emotions, being and unity, simplicity and complexity, and prediction.

Ethics - China. --- Ethics -- China. --- Ethics - Greece. --- Ethics -- Greece. --- Ethics - Rome. --- Ethics -- Rome. --- Ethics, Ancient. --- Ethics, Comparative. --- Ethics, Comparative --- Ethics, Ancient --- Ethics --- Philosophy --- Philosophy & Religion --- Ethics, Chinese --- Ancient ethics --- Comparative ethics --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Ethics, Greek --- Philosophy, Comparative --- Values

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"Rebirth and the Stream of Life explores the diversity as well as the ethical and religious significance of rebirth beliefs, focusing especially on Hindu and Buddhist traditions but also discussing indigenous religions and ancient Greek thought. Utilizing resources from religious studies, anthropology and theology, an expanded conception of philosophy of religion is exemplified, which takes seriously lived experience rather than treating religious beliefs in isolation from their place in believers' lives. Drawing upon his expertise in interdisciplinary working and Wittgenstein-influenced approaches, Mikel Burley examines several interrelated phenomena, including purported past-life memories, the relationship between metaphysics and ethics, efforts to 'demythologize' rebirth, and moral critiques of the doctrine of karma. This range of topics, with rebirth as a unifying theme, makes the book of value to anyone interested in philosophy, the study of religions, and what it means to believe that we undergo multiple lives."--Bloomsbury Publishing.

Reincarnation --- Karma. --- Ethics, Comparative. --- Philosophy, Indic. --- Indic philosophy --- Philosophy, East Indian --- Hindu philosophy --- Comparative ethics --- Philosophy, Comparative --- Parapsychology --- Religion --- Past-lives regression --- Rebirth --- Regression, Past-lives --- Pre-existence --- Soul --- Theosophy --- Transmigration --- Reincarnation - Comparative studies.

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With Imagining Karma, Gananath Obeyesekere embarks on the very first comparison of rebirth concepts across a wide range of cultures. Exploring in rich detail the beliefs of small-scale societies of West Africa, Melanesia, traditional Siberia, Canada, and the northwest coast of North America, Obeyesekere compares their ideas with those of the ancient and modern Indic civilizations and with the Greek rebirth theories of Pythagoras, Empedocles, Pindar, and Plato. His groundbreaking and authoritative discussion decenters the popular notion that India was the origin and locus of ideas of rebirth. As Obeyesekere compares responses to the most fundamental questions of human existence, he challenges readers to reexamine accepted ideas about death, cosmology, morality, and eschatology. Obeyesekere's comprehensive inquiry shows that diverse societies have come through independent invention or borrowing to believe in reincarnation as an integral part of their larger cosmological systems. The author brings together into a coherent methodological framework the thought of such diverse thinkers as Weber, Wittgenstein, and Nietzsche. In a contemporary intellectual context that celebrates difference and cultural relativism, this book makes a case for disciplined comparison, a humane view of human nature, and a theoretical understanding of "family resemblances" and differences across great cultural divides.

Religious ethics --- Reincarnation --- Past-lives regression --- Rebirth --- Regression, Past-lives --- Pre-existence --- Soul --- Theosophy --- Transmigration --- Reincarnation (Buddhism) --- Comparative studies. --- Buddhism. --- Reincarnation-Buddhism.. --- Reincarnation-Comparative studies.. --- Religious ethics-Comparative studies. --- Reincarnation - Buddhism. --- Reincarnation - Comparative studies. --- Religious ethics - Comparative studies. --- amerindian tradition. --- buddhism. --- buddhist tradition. --- canada. --- classicists. --- cosmology. --- cross cultural scholarship. --- cultural relativism. --- cultural stories. --- death. --- empedocles. --- ethics. --- greek tradition. --- human condition. --- indic civilizations. --- indologists. --- intellectual context. --- karma. --- melanesia. --- methodological framework. --- nietzsche. --- personal transformation. --- philosophy. --- pindar. --- plato. --- pythagoras. --- rebirth. --- reincarnation. --- siberia. --- textbooks. --- weber. --- west africa. --- wittgenstein.