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Oxetane Synthesis rings play an important role as versatile motifs both in the overall formation of natural products and in synthetic organic chemistry. Oxetanes are important motifs in pharmaceutical chemistry that can confer improved metabolic and physicochemical properties. These developments continue to enhance the use of oxetanes in medicinal chemistry. Thanks to the growing commercial accessibility of oxetane possessing building blocks, together with improved approaches for the formation, oxetanes are likely to be progressively utilized in medicinal chemistry programs. Oxetanes are becoming valuable as a result of their vast diversity of uses in medicinal chemistry and varying applications. Several procedures have been developed for the formation and ring-opening of oxetanes to give important compounds in agrochemical, medicinal and material sciences. Novel approaches have been developed for the synthesis of oxetanes. These methods depend on both established synthetic approaches and development of many novel approaches for the formation of oxetanes. Highlights methods for the synthesis of oxetanes Includes new developments that enhance the use of oxetanes in medicinal chemistry Covers new approaches recently developed for the synthesis of oxetanes.
Heterocyclic compounds. --- Ethers, Cyclic --- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
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Since the discovery of crown ethers by Pedersen in 1967, several thousands of crown ethers and analogous compounds have been synthesized. Their specific characteristics have been investigated and a variety of applications developed. These developments have led to new fields of chemistry called host-guest chemistry and supramolecular chemistry. This book presents the state-of-the-art of the chemistry of crown ethers and analogous compounds. The first chapter provides an orientation in the new fields of chemistry. Chapter 2 reviews advances in synthetic procedures for crown ethers and analogous
Crown ethers. --- Macromolecules. --- Molecules --- Supramolecular chemistry --- Macrocyclic polyethers --- Ethers --- Ionophores --- Ligands --- Macrocyclic compounds
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Developmental toxicology. --- Polybrominated diphenyl ethers --- Neurotoxic agents. --- Toxicology, Developmental --- Developmental biology --- Toxicology --- Teratogenesis --- Neuropoisons --- Neurotoxicants --- Neurotoxins --- Poisons --- PBDE (Chemicals) --- Ethers --- Polybrominated biphenyls --- Toxicology.
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Oxetane Synthesis rings play an important role as versatile motifs both in the overall formation of natural products and in synthetic organic chemistry. Oxetanes are important motifs in pharmaceutical chemistry that can confer improved metabolic and physicochemical properties. These developments continue to enhance the use of oxetanes in medicinal chemistry. Thanks to the growing commercial accessibility of oxetane possessing building blocks, together with improved approaches for the formation, oxetanes are likely to be progressively utilized in medicinal chemistry programs. Oxetanes are becoming valuable as a result of their vast diversity of uses in medicinal chemistry and varying applications. Several procedures have been developed for the formation and ring-opening of oxetanes to give important compounds in agrochemical, medicinal and material sciences. Novel approaches have been developed for the synthesis of oxetanes. These methods depend on both established synthetic approaches and development of many novel approaches for the formation of oxetanes. Highlights methods for the synthesis of oxetanes Includes new developments that enhance the use of oxetanes in medicinal chemistry Covers new approaches recently developed for the synthesis of oxetanes.
Heterocyclic compounds. --- Cycloids, Mixed (Chemistry) --- Heteroatomic compounds --- Heterocycles --- Mixed cycloids (Chemistry) --- Organic cyclic compounds --- Ethers, Cyclic --- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
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The catalytic epoxidation of olefins plays an important role in the industrial production of several commodity compounds, as well as in the synthesis of many intermediates, fine chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. The scale of production ranges from millions of tons per year to a few grams per year. The diversity of catalysts is large and encompasses all the known categories of catalyst type: homogeneous, heterogeneous, and biological. This book summarizes the current status in these fields concentrating on rates, kinetics, and reaction mechanisms, but also covers broad topics including modeli
Catalysis --- Epoxy compounds --- Alkenes --- Catalysis. --- Epoxy compounds. --- Alkenes. --- Ethene series --- Ethylene series --- Olefines --- Olefins --- Hydrocarbons --- Epoxides --- Epoxy resins --- Ethers --- Activation (Chemistry) --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Surface chemistry
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The urge to improve the properties of composite materials has prompted materials scientists to investigate composites with lower and lower reinforcement size, leading to the development of microcomposites and the recent trend in composite research is nanocomposites (with nanometer scale reinforcements). Polymer matrix composite (PMC) can be processed at a much lower temperature, compared to composites with other types of matrix. In this present review, thermosetting composites with epoxy matrices will be discussed in detail. It will be of interest to anyone who manufactures or plans to use epo
Epoxy compounds. --- Fireproofing agents. --- Chemical fire retardants --- Fire resisting agents --- Fire retardants --- Flame retardants --- Flameproofing agents --- Fire prevention --- Epoxides --- Epoxy resins --- Ethers
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Information on bioactive ether lipids and their involvement in neurological disorders is currently scattered throughout the literature in the form of original papers and reviews. Metabolism and Functions of Bioactive Ether Lipids in the Brain provides readers with a comprehensive description of metabolism of bioactive ether lipids in the brain, activities of enzymes involved in their metabolism, and their involvement in neurological disorders. This book will be particularly useful to neuroscience graduate students, academics, and researchers. Clinicians will find this book useful for understanding molecular aspects of neurodegeneration in acute neural trauma and neurodegenerative diseases that are mediated by plamalogen-selective phospholipases A2 and PAF acetyl hydrolases. This monograph is the first to provide a comprehensive description of not only metabolism and role of plasmalogen and platelet activating factor in brain tissue but also the involvement of these lipids with abnormal signal transduction processes in neurological disorders. Key Features • Provides the neuroscience community with extensive description of ether lipids-derived lipid mediators their roles and association with neurological disorders • Particular attention given to the description of keys enzymes associated with the generation of ether lipid-derived lipid mediators • Illustrated with chemical structures and line diagrams of signal transduction pathways • Discusses the future direction of research on ether lipid metabolism About the Authors Akhlaq A. Farooqui is a leader in the field of bioactive ether lipids, glutamate-mediated neurotoxicity, and brain phospholipases A2. In collaboration with late Dr. Lloyd A. Horrocks, he discovered a plasmalogen-selective phospholipase A2 in brain and showed its stimulation in kainate-mediated neurotoxicity and brain tissue from patients with Alzheimer disease. He has also found a decrease in plasmalogen levels in brain from Alzheimer’s disease patients. This decrease in plasmalogens is due to the stimulation of phospholipases A2. Akhlaq A. Farooqui has authored two monographs, Glycerophospholipids in Brain: Phospholipase A2 in Neurological Disorders (Springer, 2006) and Neurochemical Aspects of Excitotoxicity (Springer, 2007). Tahira Farooqui is an expert on glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism and neural plasticity. She has published extensively on molecular mechanism of neuroinflammation, interactions between glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid-derived lipid mediators, and neural plasticity in the brain.
Ether lipids --- Brain --- Neurochemistry. --- Metabolism. --- Diseases --- Molecular aspects. --- Cerebrum --- Mind --- Central nervous system --- Head --- Biochemistry --- Neurosciences --- Lipid ethers --- Ethers --- Lipids --- Neurosciences. --- Neurology. --- Biochemistry. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Medical Biochemistry. --- Medicine --- Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Composition --- Neurology . --- Medical biochemistry. --- Medical biochemistry --- Pathobiochemistry --- Pathological biochemistry --- Pathology
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Hét referentiewerk organische chemie voor alle bachelorstudenten met een wetenschappelijke oriëntatie chemie! Deze uitgave zet de succesformule van het basiswerk *Fundamentele begrippen van algemene chemie* verder. - De belangrijkste groepen van organische stoffen worden systematisch behandeld, met de klemtoon op het verband tussen eigenschappen en molecuulstructuren. Zowel de industriële als de biologische producten worden besproken. - Het experimentele karakter van de chemie komt voortdurend aan bod, maar ook de toepassingen in de hedendaagse maatschappij. - Er wordt veel aandacht geschonken aan de reactiemechanismen. - Er zijn afzonderlijke hoofdstukken gewijd aan biochemische stoffen, sachariden, lipiden, proteïnen en nucleïnezuren, evenals aan kunstpolymeren en tensiden. - De vele oefeningen zetten de studenten aan om na te denken over de leerstof en helpen hen bij het assimileren van de informatie. - De klemtoon ligt op het begrijpen van de logische eenheid van experimenten en theoretische beschouwingen. De belangrijkste troeven van dit basiswerk zijn de **erg volledige inhoud**, het **studentvriendelijke** **opzet** en de **aantrekkelijke presentatie**. Naast de theoretische achtergronden wordt ook veel aandacht besteed aan **experimenten en toepassingen van de organische chemie**. **Volledige inhoud** - **Canon van de hedendaagse organische chemie** - **Systematische behandeling van de karakteristieke groepen volgens een vaste patroon**: nomenclatuur, structuur, eigenschappen - Toelichting van de belangrijkste stoffen uit de **biochemie** - Essentie van **kunstpolymeren** en **tensiden** - Consequente **beschrijving van reactiemechanismen** **Studentvriendelijk** - Steeds een **grondige uitleg in eenvoudige taal** - Opbouwende en overzichtelijke **samenvattingen** - Passende **oefeningen** en **opdrachten** - Een bondige formulering van reeds behandelde **basisprincipes** - **Numerieke vraagstukken** bij elk hoofdstuk, die de kans bieden om de kennis van fundamentele begrippen uit de algemene chemie te herhalen en te toetsen. Tijdens de studie van de belangrijkste chemische stofgroepen moet immers het inzicht in de samenhang van de theoretische principes bewaard worden. - **Overzichtsoefeningen** (bijlage 1), die helpen bij het evalueren - Voorstelling van **reactiemechanismen** per stoffenklasse **Experiment- en toepassingsgericht** - Heel wat eenvoudige **proeven** om te beklemtonen dat in de wetenschap alles start met experimenten. De beschrijvingen zijn erg summier gehouden, zodat de uitvoering aangepast kan worden aan de plaatselijke mogelijkheden. - Duidelijke **verklaring van de waarnemingen** - Verband tussen structuur en eigenschappen - **Intermezzos** geven toelichting over het nut van de organische chemie in de samenleving. - Een **verklarende woordenlijst** met een bondige toelichting van de belangrijke termen - **Overzichtelijk register** met de belangrijkste termen
Organic chemistry --- biochemie --- General biochemistry --- atoomfysica --- verzadigde koolwaterstoffen --- lipiden --- metalloïden --- molecuulfysica --- acyclische verbindingen --- natuurlijke grondstoffen --- organische chemie --- methaangas --- alkanen --- C (koolstof) --- spectrofotometrie --- fysica --- 547 --- 541 --- 546 --- Chemie --- Organische chemie --- alcoholen --- aldehyden --- alkenen --- alkynen --- aminen --- aminozuren --- benzeen --- carbonzuren --- carbonzuurderivaten --- ethers --- fenolen --- halogeenkoolwaterstoffen --- ketonen --- koolhydraten --- molecuulstructuren --- nitrillen --- nucleïnezuren --- polymerisatie --- proteïnen --- synthetische polymeren --- thiolen --- Alcoholen --- Aldehyden --- Alkanen --- Aminen --- Aminozuren --- Carbonzuren --- Ethers --- Ketonen --- Koolhydraten --- Koolstofverbindingen --- Koolwaterstoffen --- Lipiden --- Moleculen --- Nucleïnezuren --- Polymeren --- Proteïnen --- Sachariden --- Alcohol --- Alkenen --- Alkynen --- Amines --- Benzeen --- Eiwitten --- Ether --- Fenolen --- Koolstof --- Nitrillen --- Tenside --- Thiolen --- chemie --- organische chemie (ler) --- scheikunde (ler) --- alcohol --- aldehyde --- alkaan --- alkeen --- alkyn --- amine --- aminozuur --- carbonzuur --- ether --- fenol --- halogeenkoolwaterstof --- keton --- koolhydraat --- koolstof --- koolstofbinding --- lipide --- moleculaire structuur --- nitril --- nucleïnezuur --- oppervlakactieve stof (tenside) --- proteine --- Inleidingen - Hand- en leerboeken Chemie --- Organische chemie (Chemie der koolstofverbindingen) --- (zie ook: surfactant) --- (zie ook: organische scheikunde) --- 547 Organic chemistry
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547 --- 547 Organic chemistry --- Organic chemistry --- 579.22 --- 541 --- biochemie (ler) --- chemie --- organische chemie (ler) --- scheikunde (ler) --- Moleculen --- Chemische reacties --- Alkanen --- Cycloalkanen --- Alkenen --- Alkynen --- Diënen --- Polymeren --- Terpenen --- Steroïden --- Stereochemie --- Halogeenalkanen --- Alcohol --- Thiolen --- Ethers --- Epoxiden --- Sulfiden --- Amines --- Alkaloïden --- Aldehyden --- Ketonen --- Koolhydraten --- Carbonzuren --- Fosfaten --- Lipiden --- Aminozuren --- Enzymen --- Aromaten --- Fenolen --- 579.22 Biochemistry and physiology of microorganisms --- Biochemistry and physiology of microorganisms --- Physicochemistry --- General biochemistry --- Bio-organische chemie.
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In the last decades, inedible lignocellulosic biomasses have attracted significant attention for being abundant resources that are not in competition with agricultural land or food production and, therefore, can be used as starting renewable material for the production of a wide variety of platform chemicals. The three main components of lignocellulosic biomasses are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, complex biopolymers that can be converted into a pool of platform molecules including sugars, polyols, alchols, ketons, ethers, acids and aromatics. Various technologies have been explored for their one-pot conversion into chemicals, fuels and materials. However, in order to develop new catalytic processes for the selective production of desired products, a complete understanding of the molecular aspects of the basic chemistry and reactivity of biomass derived molecules is still crucial. This Special Issue reports on recent progress and advances in the catalytic valorization of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin model molecules promoted by novel heterogeneous systems for the production of energy, fuels and chemicals.
n/a --- hemicellulose --- catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis reactions --- furfural --- ZSM-5 --- syngas --- renewable aromatics --- Diels–Alder --- lignin --- hydroisomerization --- levulinic acid --- bio-oil upgrade --- metal ferrites --- aromatic ethers --- hierarchical zeolites --- Chilean natural zeolites --- bioethanol --- renewable p-xylene --- desilication --- dimethylfuran --- GC/MS characterization --- biomass --- H-donor molecules --- heterogeneous catalysis --- polyols --- Brønsted acids sites --- spinels --- solketal --- glycerol --- chemical-loop reforming --- zeolite --- cellulose --- insulating oils --- hydrogenolysis --- lignocellulosic biomasses --- bio-insulating oil --- glycidol --- Diels-Alder
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