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Ethanol as fuel

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Ethanol is a very elusive drug, which has mechanisms of action that are diverse and relatively non-selective. Moreover, ethanol has been demonstrated to be a biologically active substance by itself, but also a pro-drug of the neuroactive metabolites, acetaldehyde and acetate. Acetaldehyde has traditionally been known as a toxic substance with several effects on multiple systems. However, in the last few decades evidence has accumulated to reveal the specific and, in some instances, distinct neural actions of acetaldehyde and acetate that are in part responsible for some of the observed psychoactive effects of ethanol. The present issue will address these challenges to provide an up-to-date synopsis of the behavioral and neurophysiological impact of the two direct metabolites of ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate. In doing so, this issue will present human and rodent evidence on their behavioral and neurophysiological impact, either when administered alone as drugs, or when metabolically-derived from their parent compound. Emphasis will be placed to stress the importance of the different enzymatic systems that intervene to produce these metabolites, either peripherally and/or directly in the brain. Similarly, this Research Topic will be aimed at addressing some of the possible mechanisms of action of acetaldehyde and acetate in different brain areas and in different intracellular systems. Furthermore, the issue will lay out some of the suggested mechanisms of action of ethanol and of its metabolites by which they form adducts with other molecules and neurotransmitters such as dopamine and opioids (which lead to salsolinol and tetrahydropapaveroline, respectively), and their impact on the synthesis and actions of neuromodulators such as adenosine and the cannabinoid system.

Ethanol. --- acetate --- Drug abuse --- Salsolinol --- Dopamine --- Ethanol --- Catalase --- Addiction --- Opioids

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"Presents fundamentals and the state-of-the-art in available pathways for bioethanol and bioproducts production from lignocellulosic biomass Discusses key-challenges for the large-scale production of bioethanol, such as pretreatment and hydrolysis Covers the specificities of various feedstocks and processes, the role of microorganisms in fermentation, saccharification limitations, and challenges in C5 and C6 fermentation"--

Biomass conversion. --- Ethanol as fuel. --- Ethanol fuel --- Fuel ethanol --- Fuel --- Microbial biotechnology

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This book offers a broad understanding of bioethanol production from sugarcane, although a few other substrates, except corn, will also be mentioned. The 10 chapters are grouped in five sections. The Fuel Ethanol Production from Sugarcane in Brazil section consists of two chapters dealing with the first-generation ethanol Brazilian industrial process. The Strategies for Sugarcane Bagasse Pretreatment section deals with emerging physicochemical methods for biomass pretreatment, and the non-conventional biomass source for lignocellulosic ethanol production addresses the potential of weed biomass as alternative feedstock. In the Recent Approaches for Increasing Fermentation Efficiency of Lignocellulosic Ethanol section, potential and research progress using thermophile bacteria and yeasts is presented, taking advantage of microorganisms involved in consolidating or simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation processes. Finally, the Recent Advances in Ethanol Fermentation section presents the use of cold plasma and hydrostatic pressure to increase ethanol production efficiency. Also in this section the use of metabolic-engineered autotrophic cyanobacteria to produce ethanol from carbon dioxide is mentioned.

Ethanol as fuel. --- Sugarcane --- Chemical processes. --- Biotechnology. --- Processes, Chemical --- Chemical engineering --- Chemical reactions --- Manufacturing processes --- Ethanol fuel --- Fuel ethanol --- Fuel --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Chemistry --- Biochemistry

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This book discusses the microbiology of fermentation for the production of bioethanol from sugarcane. Coverage includes how selected yeasts improve ethanol yield and productivity concerning recent advances at genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic levels, how microorganisms (bacteria and yeasts) interact with each other in fermentation vats, and the application of microbiological monitoring methods with safety and precision. Special attention is given to antimicrobial strategies used to decrease contamination. The book is aimed at professionals working in the bioethanol industry, as well as students and researchers studying biological and biotechnological aspects of applied matters such as industrial microbiology and industrial fermentations. The English translation of this book from its Portuguese original manuscript was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service provider DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision of the content was done by the author. Covers common microbiological monitoring techniques; Reviews selected yeasts used in the bioethanol industry; Examines the role of bacteria and native yeasts in ethanolic fermentation and methods to control their growth.

Relation between energy and economics --- Biotechnology --- hernieuwbare energie --- biotechnologie --- Biomass energy. --- Cellulosic ethanol. --- Fermentation.