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Circadian clocks are endogenous and temperature-compensating timekeepers that provide temporal organization of biological processes in living organisms. Circadian rhythms allow living organisms to adapt to the daily light cycles associated with Earth's rotation and to anticipate and prepare for precise and regular environmental changes. This book discusses the fundamental advances of how the circadian clock regulates critical biological functions as well as the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling circadian rhythm in living organisms. It also provides new insights into and sheds new light on the current research trends and future research directions related to circadian rhythm. This book provokes interest in many readers, researchers and scientists, who can find this information useful for the advancement of their research works towards a better understanding of circadian rhythm regulatory mechanisms.

Pituitary gland--Diseases. --- Pituitary-adrenal function tests. --- Circadian rhythms. --- Behavior, Circadian --- Biological clocks, Daily --- Circadian behavior --- Circadian clocks --- Circadian cycles --- Clocks, Circadian --- Cycles, Circadian --- Daily activity cycles --- Daily biological clocks --- Diel cycles --- Diurnal rhythms --- Rhythms, Circadian --- Biological rhythms --- Adrenal-pituitary function tests --- Endocrine function tests --- Pituitary gland --- Diseases. --- Life Sciences --- Neuroscience

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Biological rhythms. --- Circadian rhythms. --- Behavior, Circadian --- Biological clocks, Daily --- Circadian behavior --- Circadian clocks --- Circadian cycles --- Clocks, Circadian --- Cycles, Circadian --- Daily activity cycles --- Daily biological clocks --- Diel cycles --- Diurnal rhythms --- Rhythms, Circadian --- Biological rhythms --- Biological clocks --- Biology --- Biorhythms --- Endogenous rhythms --- Living clocks --- Rhythms, Biological --- Chronobiology --- Cycles --- Pacemaker cells --- Periodicity

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This book reviews the physiological mechanisms of diverse insect clocks, including circadian clock, lunar clock, tidal clock, photoperiodism, circannual rhythms and others. It explains the commonality and diversity of insect clocks, focusing on the recent advances in their molecular and neural mechanisms. In the history of chronobiology, insects provided important examples of diverse clocks. The first report of animal photoperiodism was in an aphid, and the time-compensated celestial navigation was first shown in the honeybee. The circadian clock was first localized in the brain of a cockroach. These diverse insect clocks also have some common features which deserve to be reviewed in a single book. The central molecular mechanism of the circadian clock, i.e., the negative feedback loop of clock genes, was proposed in Drosophila melanogaster in the 1990s and later became the subject of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2017. Thereafter, researches on the molecular and neural mechanisms in diverse insect clocks other than the Drosophila circadian clock also advanced appreciably. Various new methods including RNAi, NGS, and genome editing with CRISPR-Cas9 have become applicable in these researches. This book comprehensively reviews the physiological mechanisms in diverse insect clocks in the last two decades, which have received less attention than the Drosophila circadian clock. The book is intended for researchers, graduate students, and highly motivated undergraduate students in biological sciences, especially in entomology and chronobiology. .

Invertebrates. --- Cytology. --- Circadian rhythms. --- Physiology. --- Invertebrate Zoology. --- Cellular Circadian Rhythms. --- Animal Physiology. --- Animal physiology --- Animals --- Biology --- Anatomy --- Behavior, Circadian --- Biological clocks, Daily --- Circadian behavior --- Circadian clocks --- Circadian cycles --- Clocks, Circadian --- Cycles, Circadian --- Daily activity cycles --- Daily biological clocks --- Diel cycles --- Diurnal rhythms --- Rhythms, Circadian --- Biological rhythms --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Invertebrata --- Physiology --- Chronobiology. --- Insects

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At the start of every school day, it’s not an unfamiliar sight to see younger children bounding toward school, bright-eyed and bushy-tailed, ready to seize the day. In contrast, adolescents sometimes seem to sleepwalk toward their middle and high schools, often bleary-eyed, cantankerous, and less than enthusiastic to get down to work. Why the difference? Recent developmental research has demonstrated a relationship between sleep/wake patterns and different kinds of problem behaviors, including social adjustment problems, family coercion, and disaffection from school. Adolescents who prefer staying up later in the evening and arising late in the morning (i.e., eveningness) have often been considered at greater risk of suffering from such problem behaviors as delinquency and negative relationships with parents and teachers. Those who tend to go to bed and arise earlier (i.e., morningness) have long been associated with more positive outcomes. In the majority of previous research, however, these concepts have never been adequately tested. In Sync with Adolescence: The Role of Morningness-Eveningness in Development examines the possible effects of adolescent preferences on problem behavior in different contexts. This volume presents a new way of looking at morningness-eveningness in relation to adolescent development in general and on problem behavior in particular. The study has produced results, the implications of which necessitate a reinterpretation of the current thinking about morningness-eveningness and adolescent adjustment. This volume should be of particular interest to developmental psychologists and researchers who are interested in examining the role of biological factors in psychological processes as well as to sleep researchers who are interested in both the clinical and behavioral aspects. In addition, it is a valuable resource for clinical child and school psychologists, medical staff, teachers, and anyone who works with adolescents.

Teenagers --- Circadian rhythms --- Adolescence. --- Social adjustment. --- Developmental psychology. --- Development (Psychology) --- Developmental psychobiology --- Psychology --- Life cycle, Human --- Adaptation, Social --- Adjustment, Social --- Social adaptation --- Deviant behavior --- Social psychology --- Social skills --- Teen-age --- Puberty --- Behavior, Circadian --- Biological clocks, Daily --- Circadian behavior --- Circadian clocks --- Circadian cycles --- Clocks, Circadian --- Cycles, Circadian --- Daily activity cycles --- Daily biological clocks --- Diel cycles --- Diurnal rhythms --- Rhythms, Circadian --- Biological rhythms --- Adolescents --- Teen-agers --- Teens --- Young adults (Teenagers) --- Youth --- Development --- Psychology, clinical. --- Child and School Psychology. --- Clinical Psychology. --- Clinical psychology. --- Psychiatry --- Psychology, Applied --- Psychological tests --- Child psychology. --- School psychology. --- Psychology, School --- Behavior, Child --- Child behavior --- Child study --- Children --- Pediatric psychology --- Child development --- Developmental psychology

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Biology --- Circadian rhythms --- Rythmes circadiens --- Periodicals. --- Périodiques --- Circadian Rhythm. --- Circadian rhythms. --- Behavior, Circadian --- Biological clocks, Daily --- Circadian behavior --- Circadian clocks --- Circadian cycles --- Clocks, Circadian --- Cycles, Circadian --- Daily activity cycles --- Daily biological clocks --- Diel cycles --- Diurnal rhythms --- Rhythms, Circadian --- Nycthemeral Rhythm --- Diurnal Rhythm --- Nyctohemeral Rhythm --- Twenty-Four Hour Rhythm --- Circadian Rhythms --- Diurnal Rhythms --- Nycthemeral Rhythms --- Nyctohemeral Rhythms --- Rhythm, Circadian --- Rhythm, Diurnal --- Rhythm, Nycthemeral --- Rhythm, Nyctohemeral --- Rhythm, Twenty-Four Hour --- Rhythms, Diurnal --- Rhythms, Nycthemeral --- Rhythms, Nyctohemeral --- Rhythms, Twenty-Four Hour --- Twenty Four Hour Rhythm --- Twenty-Four Hour Rhythms --- circadian rhythm --- biological clock --- chronobiology --- biological timing --- molecular clock --- photoperiodism --- Biological rhythms --- Biological Clocks --- Photoperiod --- Chronotherapy --- Circadian Clocks --- Circadian Rhythms. --- Biophysics