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Simultaneous 2D pressure and 2D velocity information at the rough water-sediment interface of streambeds were gained by a newly developed measurement setup. In the bed the pressure fluctuations decay exponentially within the first 1-2 equivalent sand roughnesses. Structural findings concerning coherent flow structures are consistent with models originally developed for smooth walls. A significant bed destabilizing flow-pressure pattern was identified for the first time.
open channel flow --- pressure sensors --- coherent structures --- gravel bed --- PIV
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This thesis aims to contribute to a better understanding of turbulent open channel flow, sediment erosion and sediment transport. The thesis provides an analysis of high-fidelity data from direct numerical simulation of (i) open channel flow over an array of fixed spheres, (ii) open channel flow with mobile eroding spheres, (iii) open channel flow with sediment transport of many mobile spheres. An immersed boundary method is used to resolve the finite-size particles.
sediment erosion --- CFD --- open channel flow --- sediment transport --- turbulence
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Computational fluid dynamics. --- Open-channel flow --- Mathematics. --- Flow, Free-surface --- Flow, Open-channel --- Free-surface flow --- Fluid dynamics --- CFD (Computational fluid dynamics) --- Computer simulation --- Data processing
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Capillary electrophoresis. --- Open-channel flow. --- Flow, Free-surface --- Flow, Open-channel --- Free-surface flow --- Fluid dynamics --- Capillary gel electrophoresis --- Capillary zone electrophoresis --- Gel electrophoresis --- Zone electrophoresis
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This book contains original peer-reviewed articles written by some of the most prominent international physicists active in the field of hydrodynamics. The topic is entirely devoted to the study of the transitional regimes of incompressible viscous flow found at the onset of turbulent flows. Nine articles written for this 2020 Special Issue of the journal Entropy (MDPI) have been gathered at the crossroads of fluid mechanics, statistical physics, complexity theory, and applied mathematics. They include experimental, analytic, and computational material of an academic level that has not been published anywhere else.
subcritical phenomenon --- transition to turbulence --- direct numerical simulation --- spatio-temporal intermittency --- channel flow --- hibernating turbulence --- hot-film anemometry --- turbulence --- turbulent bands --- obliqueness --- advection speed --- wave generation --- inflectional instability --- transition to/from turbulence --- wall-bounded shear flow --- plane Poiseuille flow --- spatiotemporal intermittency --- directed percolation --- critical phenomena --- subcritical transition --- turbulence fraction --- moment --- unsteady shear flow --- turbulence intermittency --- helical instability --- puff dynamics --- phase transition --- Couette flow --- lifetimes --- n/a
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This book presents the theory and computation of open channel flows, using detailed analytical, numerical and experimental results. The fundamental equations of open channel flows are derived by means of a rigorous vertical integration of the RANS equations for turbulent flow. In turn, the hydrostatic pressure hypothesis, which forms the core of many shallow water hydraulic models, is scrutinized by analyzing its underlying assumptions. The book’s main focus is on one-dimensional models, including detailed treatments of unsteady and steady flows. The use of modern shock capturing finite difference and finite volume methods is described in detail, and the quality of solutions is carefully assessed on the basis of analytical and experimental results. The book’s unique features include: • Rigorous derivation of the hydrostatic-based shallow water hydraulic models • Detailed treatment of steady open channel flows, including the computation of transcritical flow profiles • General analysis of gate maneuvers as the solution of a Riemann problem • Presents modern shock capturing finite volume methods for the computation of unsteady free surface flows • Introduces readers to movable bed and sediment transport in shallow water models • Includes numerical solutions of shallow water hydraulic models for non-hydrostatic steady and unsteady free surface flows This book is suitable for both undergraduate and graduate level students, given that the theory and numerical methods are progressively introduced starting with the basics. As supporting material, a collection of source codes written in Visual Basic and inserted as macros in Microsoft Excel® is available. The theory is implemented step-by-step in the codes, and the resulting programs are used throughout the book to produce the respective solutions.
Mathematical physics. --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Engineering geology. --- Engineering—Geology. --- Foundations. --- Hydraulics. --- Computer simulation. --- Mathematical Applications in the Physical Sciences. --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Geoengineering, Foundations, Hydraulics. --- Simulation and Modeling. --- Engineering --- Civil engineering --- Geology, Economic --- Computer modeling --- Computer models --- Modeling, Computer --- Models, Computer --- Simulation, Computer --- Electromechanical analogies --- Mathematical models --- Simulation methods --- Model-integrated computing --- Flow of water --- Water --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulic engineering --- Jets --- Architecture --- Building --- Structural engineering --- Underground construction --- Caissons --- Earthwork --- Masonry --- Soil consolidation --- Soil mechanics --- Walls --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Geology --- Flow --- Distribution --- Details --- Mathematics --- Open-channel flow. --- Flow, Free-surface --- Flow, Open-channel --- Free-surface flow --- Fluid dynamics
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The main focus of this Special Issue of Water is the state-of-the-art and recent research on turbulence and flow–sediment interactions in open-channel flows. Our knowledge of river hydraulics is deepening, thanks to both laboratory/field experiments related to the characteristics of turbulence and their link to erosion, transport, deposition, and local scouring phenomena. Collaboration among engineers, physicists, and other experts is increasing and furnishing new inter-/multidisciplinary perspectives to the research of river hydraulics and fluid mechanics. At the same time, the development of both sophisticated laboratory instrumentation and computing skills is giving rise to excellent experimental–numerical comparative studies. Thus, this Special Issue, with ten papers by researchers from many institutions around the world, aims at offering a modern panoramic view on all the above aspects to the vast audience of river researchers.
wavelet coherency --- Taylor’s frozen turbulence hypothesis --- scale --- hairpin vortex packet --- open channel flow --- bridge pier --- horseshoe vortex --- Physical hydraulic modeling --- quadrant analysis --- Scour and Velocity field --- hydraulics --- turbulent flow --- wall-wake flow --- dunal bedform --- horizontal cylinder --- turbulence structures --- scour --- velocity field --- turbulence --- equilibrium scour depth --- new scaling of scour depth --- ejections --- turbulence interactions --- gravel beds --- sediment transport --- surface and subsurface flows --- river hydrodynamics --- ADCP --- bedforms morphology --- river confluence --- Amazon River --- Yeongsan estuary --- freshwater discharge --- two-layer circulation --- Reynolds stress --- bottom turbulence --- suspended sediment concentration --- sediment kinematics --- entrainment --- disentrainment --- anisotropy --- rigid vegetation --- sediments --- local scouring --- erosion --- transport --- deposition --- open-channel flows --- laboratory experiments
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There is overwhelming evidence, from laboratory experiments, observations, and computational studies, that coherent structures can cause intermittent transport, dramatically enhancing transport. A proper description of this intermittent phenomenon, however, is extremely difficult, requiring a new non-perturbative theory, such as statistical description. Furthermore, multi-scale interactions are responsible for inevitably complex dynamics in strongly non-equilibrium systems, a proper understanding of which remains a main challenge in classical physics. As a remarkable consequence of multi-scale interaction, a quasi-equilibrium state (the so-called self-organisation) can however be maintained. This special issue aims to present different theories of statistical mechanics to understand this challenging multiscale problem in turbulence. The 14 contributions to this Special issue focus on the various aspects of intermittency, coherent structures, self-organisation, bifurcation and nonlocality. Given the ubiquity of turbulence, the contributions cover a broad range of systems covering laboratory fluids (channel flow, the Von Kármán flow), plasmas (magnetic fusion), laser cavity, wind turbine, air flow around a high-speed train, solar wind and industrial application.
non-locality --- hybrid (U)RANS-LES --- channel flow --- thermodynamics --- Lévy noise --- non-local theory --- low speed streaks --- drop breakage --- pipe flow boundary layer --- bifurcation --- Langevin equation --- attached and separated flows --- anomalous diffusion --- kinetic theory --- stochastic processes --- self-organisation --- spatiotemporal chaos --- chaos --- bifurcations --- turbulent flow --- Lyapunov theory --- Rushton turbine --- turbulence --- intermittency --- information length --- denoise --- microcavity laser --- free vortex wake --- IDDES methodology --- local intermittency --- control strategy --- population balance equation --- Tsallis entropy --- coherent structures --- Fokker-Planck equation --- energy cascade --- fluid dynamics --- high efficiency impeller --- fractals --- large eddy simulation --- shear flows --- heat transport --- multifractal --- drop coalescence --- continuous wavelet transform --- T-junction --- scaling properties --- floating wind turbine --- scaling --- fractional Fokker–Plank equation --- magnetic confinement fusion --- multi-scale problem --- coherent structure --- solar wind --- trailing-edge flap --- turbulent transition --- turbulent boundary layer --- complex dynamics --- statistical mechanics
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This Special Issue includes nine original contributions focused on river hydraulics. Four of these resulted from cooperation between universities from different countries: (a) Russia and Poland , (b) Taiwan and the USA , (c) Iran and Italy, and (d) India and Italy . The other contributions resulted from research carried out in universities from South Korea [5], Greece [6], China , and Japan .
Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- bed roughness --- open-channel flow --- OpenFOAM --- Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes model --- turbulence model --- two-dimensional dune --- 60° bend --- bed shear stress --- turbulent kinetic energy --- Reynolds shear stress --- log-law --- continuous bend --- transition section --- correlation of flow movement --- width/depth ratio --- circulation structure --- circulation intensity --- numerical simulation --- local scour --- spur dike --- angle of repose --- river sediment transport modeling --- alluvial channels --- hydraulic riverbed resistance --- mathematical modeling --- van Rijn sediment transport formula --- local scouring --- bridge pile group --- material harvesting pit --- hydrodynamic bridge pier --- flow pattern --- FLOW-3D --- bed load transport --- random forests --- Gaussian processes regression --- Meyer–Peter and Müller formula --- sediment transport --- incision --- meandering --- bedrock --- curved channel --- bed configurations --- annular flume --- cover lid rotation speed --- developing flow --- fully-developed flow --- Reynolds stress anisotropy tensor --- seepage flow --- turbulence intensity --- n/a --- Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes model --- Meyer-Peter and Müller formula
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In nuclear fusion technology, thermal-hydraulics is a key discipline employed in the design phase of the systems and components to demonstrate performance, and to ensure the reliability and their efficient and economical operation. ITER is in charge of investigating the transients of the engineering systems; this included safety analysis. The thermal-hydraulics is required for the design and analysis of the cooling and ancillary systems such as the blanket, the divertor, the cryogenic, and the balance of plant systems, as well as the tritium carrier, extraction and recovery systems. This Special Issue collects and documents the recent scientific advancements which include, but are not limited to: thermal-hydraulic analyses of systems and components, including magneto-hydrodynamics; safety investigations of systems and components; numerical models and code development and application; codes coupling methodology; code assessment and validation, including benchmarks; experimental infrastructures design and operation; experimental campaigns and investigations; scaling issue in experiments.
packing structure --- contact force --- porosity distribution --- tritium breeder pebble bed --- breeding blanket --- discrete element method --- DEMO --- primary heat transfer system --- balance of plant --- RELAP5 --- loss of flow accident --- once through steam generators --- DEMO-EU fusion reactor --- IFMIF-DONES facility --- lithium technology --- CFD --- thermo-fluid dynamics --- lead-lithium eutectic --- In-box LOCA --- HCLL TBS --- liquid metal blanket --- MHD benchmarking --- COMSOL multiphysics --- magneto-convection --- turbulent MHD --- large eddy simulations --- magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) --- MHD pressure drop --- system codes --- liquid metal technology --- WCLL BB --- small ESS --- transient --- Apros --- Magnetohydrodynamics --- heat transfer --- WCLL --- thermal hydraulic --- WLLC blanket --- CFETR --- wakes --- open channel flow --- experimental methods --- DONES --- fusion --- liquid lithium --- LOCA --- Melcor --- numeric coupling --- liquid metal blankets --- tritium --- corrosion --- convection --- turbulence --- WCLL blanket --- DCLL blanket --- WCLL-BB --- MELCOR --- PHTS --- safety analysis --- HCPB BB --- CRAFT --- blanket and divertor --- experiment plan --- water loop design --- DEMO blanket --- first wall --- ODS steel layer --- tungsten functionally graded coating --- experimental investigation --- EU-DEMO --- helium-cooled pebble bed --- thermal storage --- indirect coupled design --- energy balance --- power conversion system --- simulation --- gyrotron resonator --- multi-physic simulation --- thermal-hydraulics --- cooling --- mini-channels --- Raschig rings --- validation --- divertor --- plasma facing components --- thermal hydraulics --- SIMMER code --- RELAP5 code --- in-box LOCA --- WCLL breeding blanket --- LIFUS5/Mod3
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