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Low-dimensional Materials and Applications systematically introduces the preparation and performance of low-dimensional materials, such as carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, graphene etc, as well as their applications in environmental pollution control, electronics, coating industry and defense technologies. Written with a practical focus and containing abundant examples, it is well suited for both researchers and engineers.

Carbon. --- Carbon composites. --- Graphene. --- Carbon Fiber. --- Carbon Nanotubes. --- Electronics. --- Low-dimensional Materials. --- Pollution.

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Carbon fiber is an oft-referenced material that serves as a means to remove mass from large transport infrastructure. Carbon fiber composites, typically plastics reinforced with the carbon fibers, are key materials in the 21st century and have already had a significant impact on reducing CO2 emissions. Though, as with any composite material, the interface where each component meets, in this case the fiber and plastic, is critical to the overall performance.

cellulose derivative --- stack --- lignin --- contact problem --- single fibre pull out --- fatigue --- composite --- sandwich composite --- toughness --- aluminum UNS A97050 --- surface quality --- Carbon fiber --- epoxy curing --- kerf taper --- block copolymers --- conductive yarn --- X-ray transmission --- electron beam --- CT cradle --- thin-wall --- microwave heating --- Seebeck coefficient --- tendon --- air blowing --- epoxy resins --- monocoque structure --- prepreg --- carbon fiber --- surface treatment --- strengthening --- carbon fibre --- surface modification --- epoxy composite --- prestressed near-surface mounted reinforcement (NSMR) --- recycled carbon fiber --- composites --- thermocouple --- structural analysis --- interfacial adhesion --- three-wheeler vehicle --- SOM/SEM --- polycarbonate --- low consumption vehicle --- computed tomography --- thermoforming --- AWJM --- isotropic pitch --- nickel-coated carbon fiber --- finite element model --- dual curing --- fast-cure epoxy resin --- lightweight design --- macrogeometric deviations --- ethylene tar --- CFRP

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The well documented increase in the use of high performance composites as structural materials in aerospace components is continuously raising the demands in terms of dynamic performance, structural integrity, reliable life monitoring systems and adaptive actuating abilities. Current technologies address the above issues separately; material property tailoring and custom design practices aim to the enhancement of dynamic and damage tolerance characteristics, whereas life monitoring and actuation is performed with embedded sensors that may be detrimental to the structural integrity of the component. This publication explores the unique properties of carbon nanotubes (CNT) as an additive in the matrix of Fibre Reinforced Plastics (FRP), for producing structural composites with improved mechanical performance as well as sensing/actuating capabilities. The successful combination of the CNT properties and existing sensing actuating technologies leads to the realization of a multifunctional FRP structure. The current volume presents the state of the art research in this field. The contributions cover all the aspects of the novel composite systems, i.e. modeling from nano to macro scale, enhancement of structural efficiency, dispersion and manufacturing, integral health monitoring abilities, Raman monitoring, as well as the capabilities that ordered carbon nanotube arrays offer in terms of sensing and/or actuating in aerospace composites.

Carbon fiber-reinforced plastics. --- Engineering. --- Nanotubes. --- Nanotubes --- Carbon fiber-reinforced plastics --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Materials Science --- Civil Engineering --- Composite materials. --- Aerospace engineering. --- Aeronautical engineering --- Composites (Materials) --- Multiphase materials --- Reinforced solids --- Solids, Reinforced --- Two phase materials --- Chemical engineering. --- Mechanics. --- Mechanics, Applied. --- Industrial engineering. --- Production engineering. --- Nanotechnology. --- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. --- Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Methods. --- Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering. --- Industrial and Production Engineering. --- Aeronautics --- Astronautics --- Engineering --- Materials --- Nanostructured materials --- Tubes --- Mechanics, applied. --- Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Materials. --- Management engineering --- Simplification in industry --- Value analysis (Cost control) --- Chemistry, Industrial --- Engineering, Chemical --- Industrial chemistry --- Chemistry, Technical --- Metallurgy --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Applied mechanics --- Engineering, Mechanical --- Engineering mathematics --- Ceramics. --- Glass. --- Composites (Materials). --- Manufacturing engineering --- Process engineering --- Industrial engineering --- Mechanical engineering --- Amorphous substances --- Ceramics --- Glazing --- Ceramic technology --- Industrial ceramics --- Keramics --- Building materials --- Clay --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Quantum theory

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Additive manufacturing (AM), more commonly known as 3D printing, has grown trememdously in recent years. It has shown its potential uses in the medical, automotive, aerospace, and spare part sectors. Personal manufacturing, complex and optimized parts, short series manufacturing, and local on-demand manufacturing are just some of its current benefits. The development of new materials and equipment has opened up new application possibilities, and equipment is quicker and cheaper to use when utilizing the new materials launched by vendors and material developers. AM has become more critical for the industry but also for academics. Since AM offers more design freedom than any other manufacturing process, it provides designers with the challenge of designing better and more efficient products.

additive manufacturing --- modular design --- design-for-manufacturability --- design optimization --- part consolidation --- product re-design --- topology optimization --- design for additive manufacturing --- 3D printing --- aerospace --- full-life cycle manufacturing flow --- airfoil --- carbon fiber tubes --- telescoping spars --- chevrons --- porous scaffold design --- tetrahedral implicit surface modeling --- triply periodic minimal surface --- selective laser melting (SLM) --- Ti6Al4V --- structure–property relationship --- microstructure --- Hall–Petch relationship --- n/a --- structure-property relationship --- Hall-Petch relationship

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Discontinuous fiber-reinforced polymers have gained importance in transportation industries due to their outstanding material properties, lower manufacturing costs and superior lightweight characteristics. One of the most attractive attributes of discontinuous fiber-reinforced composites is the ease with which they can be manufactured in large numbers, using injection and compression molding processes. The main aim of this Special Issue is to collect various investigations focused on the processing of discontinuous fiber-reinforced composites and the effect that processing has on fiber orientation, fiber length and fiber density distributions throughout the final product. Papers presenting investigations on the effect that fiber configurations have on the mechanical properties of the final composite products and materials were welcome in the Special Issue. Researchers who model and simulate processes involving discontinuous fiber composites as well as those performing experimental studies involving these composites were welcomed to submit papers. The authors were encouraged to present new models, constitutive laws, and measuring and monitoring techniques to provide a complete framework on these groundbreaking materials and to facilitate their use in different engineering applications.

fiber reinforced plastics --- long fiber reinforced thermoplastics (LFT) --- sliding plate rheometer --- fiber microstructure --- fiber orientation --- direct fiber simulation --- mechanistic model --- fiber reinforced thermoplastics --- modeling --- short fiber reinforcement --- process simulation --- smoothed particle hydrodynamics --- composite foams --- closed cells --- image processing --- finite element analysis --- polymer composites --- long fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (LFTs) --- core region --- shell region --- fiber length distribution (FLD) --- selective laser sintering --- recoating --- PA6 --- polyamide --- glass --- fibres --- beads --- orientation --- recoating speed --- layer thickness --- energy density --- pARD-RSC --- short fiber reinforced --- mechanistic modelling --- Carbon nanotubes --- CNTs --- nanocomposites --- electrical resistivity --- conductivity --- electric fields --- computational modelling --- compression moulding --- moulding compounds --- optimisation --- wet laid --- isotropic --- tensile --- carbon fiber --- discontinuous --- recycling --- hybrid composites --- polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) --- thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer --- glass fibers --- long fiber reinforced plastics --- fiber breakage --- fiber length --- additive tooling --- additive manufacturing --- rapid tooling --- injection molding --- polypropylene --- long-fiber-reinforced thermoplastics --- fiber concentration --- stereolithography --- carbon fiber recycling --- lightweight design --- long fiber-reinforced thermoplastics --- parameter-optimization --- injection molding compounding --- long fiber reinforced thermoplastics --- fiber orientation models --- calibration --- discontinuous fiber composites (DFC) --- compression molding --- sheet molding compound (SMC) --- carbon fiber sheet molding compound (CF-SMC) --- randomly oriented strands (ROS) --- computed tomography (CT) --- direct fiber simulation (DFS) --- prepreg platelet molding compound (PPMC) --- tow-based discontinuous composite (TBDC) --- plastics processing --- composites --- glass fiber --- sheet molding compound --- long fiber --- fiber content --- n/a