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Cantonese dialects --- Chinese language --- Particles. --- Grammar. --- China --- Languages.

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This book examines how language changes the way law is debated and negotiated, focusing on the courtrooms of postcolonial Hong Kong.

Conduct of court proceedings --- Law --- English language --- Cantonese dialects --- Language. --- Social aspects

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Utterance particles, also known as modal particles or sentence-final particles, form a class of words in Cantonese which is of great descriptive and theoretical interest to students of language. Most utterance particles do not have any semantic content (truth-conditional meaning), and few can be said to have a consistent grammatical function. They are notorious for being extremely resistant to conventional syntactic and semantic analysis. The aim of this book is to seek a better understanding of utterance particles by concentrating analytical attention on three of them.

Chinese languages --- Pragmatics --- Dialectology --- Cantonese dialects --- Chinese language --- Yue dialects --- Yüeh dialects --- Particles. --- Dialects. --- Dialects --- Canton --- Chinois (langue) --- Canton (chine) --- Particules --- Langue

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This book is the first publication on record that systematically and comprehensively addresses the acquisition and development of Cantonese in early childhood. It draws upon evidence from up-to-date reviews of associated literature, on the outcomes of numerous research studies conducted by the authors and on the outcomes of an in-depth study of the largest corpus of early childhood Cantonese. To supplement and illuminate published trends in the literature, carefully gathered reliable and valid empirical data are critically scrutinized. The evidence is used to clarify and examine theoretical as

Cantonese dialects --- Language acquisition. --- Early childhood education. --- Education --- Acquisition of language --- Developmental linguistics --- Developmental psycholinguistics --- Language and languages --- Language development in children --- Psycholinguistics, Developmental --- Interpersonal communication in children --- Psycholinguistics --- Chinese language --- Yue dialects --- Yüeh dialects --- Grammar. --- Acquisition --- Dialects --- Canton --- Cantonese. --- Child Language Development. --- Chinese Language. --- Language Acquisition.

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This Special Issue highlights the most recent research being carried out in the NLP field to discuss relative open issues, with a particular focus on both emerging approaches for language learning, understanding, production, and grounding interactively or autonomously from data in cognitive and neural systems, as well as on their potential or real applications in different domains.

tourism big data --- text mining --- NLP --- deep learning --- clinical named entity recognition --- information extraction --- multitask model --- long short-term memory --- conditional random field --- relation extraction --- entity recognition --- long short-term memory network --- multi-turn chatbot --- dialogue context encoding --- WGAN-based response generation --- BERT word embedding --- text summary --- reinforce learning --- FAQ classification --- encoder-decoder neural network --- multi-level word embeddings --- BERT --- bidirectional RNN --- cloze test --- Korean dataset --- machine comprehension --- neural language model --- sentence completion --- primary healthcare --- chief complaint --- virtual medical assistant --- spoken natural language --- disease diagnosis --- medical specialist --- protein–protein interactions --- deep learning (DL) --- convolutional neural networks (CNN) --- bidirectional long short-term memory (bidirectional LSTM) --- dialogue management --- user simulation --- reward shaping --- conversation knowledge --- multi-agent reinforcement learning --- language modeling --- classification --- error probability --- error assessment --- logic error --- neural network --- LSTM --- attention mechanism --- programming education --- neural architecture search --- word ordering --- Korean syntax --- adversarial attack --- adversarial example --- sentiment classification --- dual pointer network --- context-to-entity attention --- text classification --- rule-based --- word embedding --- Doc2vec --- paraphrase identification --- encodings --- R-GCNs --- contextual features --- sentence retrieval --- TF−ISF --- BM25 --- partial match --- sequence similarity --- word to vector --- word embeddings --- antonymy detection --- polarity --- text normalization --- natural language processing --- deep neural networks --- causal encoder --- question classification --- multilingual --- convolutional neural networks --- Natural Language Processing (NLP) --- transfer learning --- open information extraction --- recurrent neural networks --- bilingual translation --- speech-to-text --- LaTeX decompilation --- word representation learning --- word2vec --- sememes --- structural information --- sentiment analysis --- zero-shot learning --- news analysis --- cross-lingual classification --- multilingual transformers --- knowledge base --- commonsense --- sememe prediction --- attention model --- ontologies --- fixing ontologies --- quick fix --- quality metrics --- online social networks --- rumor detection --- Cantonese --- XGA model --- delayed combination --- CNN dictionary --- named entity recognition --- deep learning NER --- bidirectional LSTM CRF --- CoNLL --- OntoNotes --- toxic comments --- neural networks --- n/a --- protein-protein interactions