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A Special Issue in memory of Randall J. Cohrs, Ph.D. Topics include original research reports on a variety of viruses as well as reviews and commentaries on Randy’s contributions to many investigations.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- varicella-zoster virus --- Oka strain --- human herpesvirus 6 --- human herpesvirus 7 --- corticosteroids --- serious adverse event --- herpes zoster --- IL-6 --- IL-10 --- innate immunity --- VLT --- VLT-ORF63 --- CRISPR/Cas9 --- BAC mutagenesis --- flavivirus --- SARS-CoV-2 --- pandemic preparedness --- host–virus interactions --- prion --- vaccines --- interferon lambda --- virus --- herpes simplex virus type 1 --- herpes simplex virus type 2 --- neonatal herpesvirus infection --- HSV UL6 --- herpesvirus encephalitis --- herpesvirus hepatitis --- acyclovir --- HerpeSelect test --- viral sequencing --- HELLP syndrome --- lipids --- dengue virus --- acyl-CoA --- acyl-CoA thioesterase --- fatty acids --- membranes --- rheostat --- fatty acyl-CoA --- Marek’s disease virus --- live-cell genome visualization --- lytic replication --- T cells --- latency --- genome integration --- TetO/TetR system --- varicella zoster virus --- reactivation --- genome cleavage --- AAV --- antiviral therapies --- HSV-1 --- cornea --- trigeminal ganglia --- interferon-γ --- interferon stimulatory genes --- TRIM21 --- HSV --- EBV --- KSHV --- MHV68 --- PIC --- transcription --- productive elongation --- mRNA --- rRNA --- tRNA --- herpes --- viral reactivation --- spaceflight --- dermatitis --- stress --- immune depression --- antiviral drugs --- bacterial artificial chromosome --- luciferase --- bioluminescence imaging --- skin organ culture --- humanized mice --- β-Coronavirus --- mouse hepatitis virus-A59/MHV-A59 --- mouse hepatitis virus-2/MHV2 spike protein --- fusion peptide/FP --- cell-to-cell fusion (fusogenicity) --- neuropathogenesis --- hepatitis --- demyelination --- structural rigidity --- simian varicella virus --- herpesvirus --- varicella --- VZV --- neuro-attenuated --- ORF7 --- vaccine --- n/a --- antiviral --- COVID-19 --- drug discovery --- coronavirus --- spike protein --- Mpro --- RdRp --- PLpro --- skin --- epidermis --- keratinocytes --- epidermal differentiation --- cutaneous blistering lesions --- keratins --- autophagy --- immunity --- human neuron culture --- non-coding RNA --- CD8 T cell --- T-cell epitope --- NK cell --- KIR3DL1 --- HLA-B*57:01 --- herpes simplex virus --- zoster --- skin pathogenesis --- HSV-2 --- neurons --- cell culture --- varicella-zoster --- gene expression --- ganglion --- autopsy --- saliva --- salivary VZV DNA --- dengue viruses --- Aedes aegypti --- adaptive mutation --- host-virus interactions --- Marek's disease virus

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Iron–sulfur (FeS) centers are essential protein cofactors in all forms of life. They are involved in many key biological processes. In particular, Fe-S centers not only serve as enzyme cofactors in catalysis and electron transfer, they are also indispensable for the biosynthesis of complex metal-containing cofactors. Among these cofactors are the molybdenum (Moco) and tungsten (Wco) cofactors. Both Moco/Wco biosynthesis and Fe-S cluster assembly are highly conserved among all kingdoms of life. After formation, Fe-S clusters are transferred to carrier proteins, which insert them into recipient apo-proteins. Moco/Wco cofactors are composed of a tricyclic pterin compound, with the metal coordinated to its unique dithiolene group. Moco/Wco biosynthesis starts with an Fe-S cluster-dependent step involving radical/S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) chemistry. The current lack of knowledge of the connection of the assembly/biosynthesis of complex metal-containing cofactors is due to the sheer complexity of their synthesis with regard to both the (genetic) regulation and (chemical) metal center assembly. Studies on these metal-cofactors/cofactor-containing enzymes are important for understanding fundamental cellular processes. They will also provide a comprehensive view of the complex biosynthesis and the catalytic mechanism of metalloenzymes that underlie metal-related human diseases.

CO dehydrogenase --- dihydrogen --- hydrogenase --- quantum/classical modeling --- density functional theory --- metal–dithiolene --- pyranopterin molybdenum enzymes --- fold-angle --- tungsten enzymes --- electronic structure --- pseudo-Jahn–Teller effect --- thione --- molybdenum cofactor --- Moco --- mixed-valence complex --- dithiolene ligand --- tetra-nuclear nickel complex --- X-ray structure --- magnetic moment --- formate hydrogenlyase --- hydrogen metabolism --- energy conservation --- MRP (multiple resistance and pH)-type Na+/H+ antiporter --- CCCP—carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl-hydrazone --- EIPA—5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride --- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) --- electron transfer --- enzyme kinetics --- enzyme structure --- formate dehydrogenase --- carbon assimilation --- Moco biosynthesis --- Fe-S cluster assembly --- l-cysteine desulfurase --- ISC --- SUF --- NIF --- iron --- molybdenum --- sulfur --- tungsten cofactor --- aldehyde:ferredoxin oxidoreductase --- benzoyl-CoA reductase --- acetylene hydratase --- [Fe]-hydrogenase --- FeGP cofactor --- guanylylpyridinol --- conformational changes --- X-ray crystallography --- iron-sulfur cluster --- persulfide --- metallocofactor --- frataxin --- Friedreich’s ataxia --- n/a --- metal-dithiolene --- pseudo-Jahn-Teller effect --- CCCP-carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl-hydrazone --- EIPA-5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride --- Friedreich's ataxia

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This book is a Special Issue Reprint edited by Prof. Massimo Vitelli and Dr. Luigi Costanzo. It contains original research articles covering, but not limited to, the following topics: maximum power point tracking techniques; forecasting techniques; sizing and optimization of PV components and systems; PV modeling; reconfiguration algorithms; fault diagnosis; mismatching detection; decision processes for grid operators.

sensor network --- data fusion --- complex network analysis --- fault prognosis --- photovoltaic plants --- ANFIS --- statistical method --- gradient descent --- photovoltaic system --- sustainable development --- PV power prediction --- artificial neural network --- renewable energy --- environmental parameters --- multiple regression model --- moth-flame optimization --- parameter extraction --- photovoltaic model --- double flames generation (DFG) strategy --- Solar cell parameters --- single-diode model --- two-diode model --- COA --- photovoltaic systems --- maximum power point tracking --- single stage grid connected systems --- solar concentrator --- spectral beam splitting --- diffractive optical element --- diffractive grating --- PVs power output forecasting --- adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems --- particle swarm optimization-artificial neural networks --- solar irradiation --- photovoltaic power prediction --- publicly available weather reports --- machine learning --- long short-term memory --- integrated energy systems --- smart energy management --- PV fleet --- clustering-based PV fault detection --- unsupervised learning --- self-imputation --- implicit model solution --- photovoltaic array --- series–parallel --- global optimization --- partial shading --- deterministic optimization algorithm --- metaheuristic optimization algorithm --- genetic algorithm --- solar cell optimization --- finite difference time domain --- optical modelling --- thermal image --- photovoltaic module --- hot spot --- image processing --- deterioration --- linear approximation --- MPPT algorithm --- duty cycle --- global horizontal irradiance --- mathematical modeling --- feed-forward neural networks --- recurrent neural networks --- LSTM cell --- performances evaluation --- clear sky irradiance --- persistent predictor --- photovoltaics --- artificial neural networks --- national power system

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This book presents an interesting sample of the latest advances in optimization techniques applied to electrical power engineering. It covers a variety of topics from various fields, ranging from classical optimization such as Linear and Nonlinear Programming and Integer and Mixed-Integer Programming to the most modern methods based on bio-inspired metaheuristics. The featured papers invite readers to delve further into emerging optimization techniques and their real application to case studies such as conventional and renewable energy generation, distributed generation, transport and distribution of electrical energy, electrical machines and power electronics, network optimization, intelligent systems, advances in electric mobility, etc.

n/a --- Stackelberg game --- MILP --- optimal congestion threshold --- magnetic field mitigation --- simulation --- multi-objective particle swarm optimization --- virtual power plant --- internal defect --- day-ahead load forecasting --- neural network --- modular predictor --- multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm --- stochastic optimization --- dragonfly algorithm --- unit commitment --- metaheuristic --- multi-population method (MP) --- optimization --- tabu search --- considerable decomposition --- loss minimization --- active distribution system --- islanded microgrid --- dynamic solving framework --- feature selection --- electric energy costs --- power factor compensation --- dependability --- interactive load --- overhead --- energy internet --- evolutionary computation --- wind power --- developed grew wolf optimizer --- underground --- ETAP --- fuzzy algorithm --- electric vehicles --- Schwarz’s equation --- evolutionary algorithms --- electric power contracts --- congestion management --- optimizing-scenarios method --- building energy management system --- particle encoding method --- ringdown detection --- HOMER software --- DC optimal power flow --- prosumer --- constrained parameter estimation --- distributed generations (DGs) --- strong track filter (STF) --- transient stability --- calibration --- cost minimization --- radiance --- decentralized and collaborative optimization --- hybrid renewable energy system --- renewable energy sources --- rural electrification --- distribution network reconfiguration --- interval variables --- optimization methods --- particle swarm optimization --- hierarchical scheduling --- micro grid --- AC/DC hybrid active distribution --- consensus --- artificial bee colony --- CCHP system --- data center --- support vector machine --- affinity propagation clustering --- extended Kalman filter --- affine arithmetic --- linear discriminant analysis (LDA) --- current margins --- heterogeneous networks --- Cameroon --- hybrid method --- distributed heat-electricity energy management --- discrete wind driven optimization --- fitness function --- cross-entropy --- GenOpt --- wind energy --- demand uncertainty --- UC --- off-design performance --- genetic algorithm --- energy storage --- the biomimetic membrane computing --- power system optimization --- electric vehicle --- power architectures --- economic load dispatch problem (ELD) --- runner-root algorithm (RRA) --- Cable joint --- battery energy storage system --- load curtailment --- integration assessment --- power system unit commitment --- artificial lighting --- power flow --- hybrid membrane computing --- two-point estimation method --- low-voltage networks --- demand bidding --- non-sinusoidal circuits --- energy flow model --- power transfer distribution factors --- sustainability --- HVAC system --- voltage deviation --- street light points --- radial basis function --- energy storage system --- charging/discharging --- power systems --- intelligent scatter search --- MV/LV substation --- optimal power flow --- stochastic state estimation --- eight searching sub-regions --- chaos optimization algorithm (COA) --- mutual information theory --- inter-turn shorted-circuit fault (ISCF) --- C&I particle swarm optimization --- multiobjective optimization --- passive shielding --- sub-Saharan Africa --- micro-phasor measurement unit --- geometric algebra --- bio-inspired algorithms --- adaptive consensus algorithm --- energy management --- PCS efficiency --- multi-stakeholders --- generalized generation distribution factors --- the genetic algorithm based P system --- JAYA algorithm --- thermal probability density --- power optimization --- pumped-hydro energy storage --- smart grid --- two-stage feature selection --- piecewise linear techniques --- photovoltaic --- SOCP relaxations --- switched reluctance machine (SRM) --- optimal reactive power dispatch --- optimal operation --- controllable response --- off-grid --- active shielding --- transformer-fault diagnosis --- IEEE Std. 80-2000 --- principal component analysis --- demand response --- Schwarz's equation

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The aim of this Special Issue is to publish high quality papers concerning poultry nutrition and the interrelations between nutrition, metabolism, microbiota and the health of poultry. Therefore, I invite submissions of recent findings, as original research or reviews, on poultry nutrition, including, but not limited to, the following areas: the effect of feeding on poultry meat end egg quality; nutrient requirements of poultry; the use of functional feed additives to improve gut health and immune status; microbiota; nutraceuticals; soybean meal replacers as alternative sources of protein for poultry; the effects of feeding poultry on environmental impacts; the use of feed/food by-products in poultry diet; and feed technology.

Aflatoxin B1 --- Lactobacillus --- anti-fungal --- Aspergillus flavus --- in vitro --- poultry --- chickens --- ascorbic acid --- curcumin --- boric acid --- necrotic enteritis --- Salmonella Enteritidis --- broiler --- growth --- intestinal villi --- Salmonella --- broilers --- IBDV --- soybean isoflavones --- immune function --- viral protein 5 mRNA expression --- ducks --- zinc oxide --- phytase --- growth performance --- zinc utilization --- residual feed consumption --- quail --- high environmental temperature --- intestinal morphology --- duodenum --- intestinal absorption --- broilers feeding --- propolis --- bee pollen --- DHA --- omega-3 --- fatty acids --- enrichment --- selenium sources-levels --- selenium retention --- antioxidant capacity --- frozen meat --- embryonic development --- heat shock proteins --- immunoglobulin --- intracytoplasmic vacuoles --- L-arginine --- amino acids --- dietary supplementation --- humoral immunity --- Moringa oleifera --- laying performance --- health status --- energy requirement --- meat quality --- slow-growing broilers --- nutrient deposition --- xylanase --- arabinofuranosidases --- nutrient utilization --- immunity --- strain --- in ovo injection --- royal jelly --- chicken --- hatchability --- blood --- chitooligosaccharide --- intestinal integrity --- digestive function --- heat stress --- indigenous yellow-feathered breed --- denatonium benzoate --- genistein --- ggTas2Rs --- bitter taste receptors --- licorice --- Glycyrrhiza glabra --- beneficial effects --- pharmaceutical --- health --- turkey --- footpad dermatitis --- charcoal --- crude protein reduced diet --- compensatory growth --- omega-6 --- fatty acid --- nutrition --- performance --- antioxidant --- egg and meat quality --- fertility --- cholesterol --- CuZn-SOD --- HMG-CoA --- HSP70 --- laying hens --- L-Thr --- n/a --- vitamin B12 --- pekin ducks --- weight gain --- feed intake --- feed conversion ratio --- hematological indicator --- antibiotic --- hydrolysable polyphenol --- monoglyceride --- pathogen --- poultry feeding --- antioxidant status --- bamboo leaf extract --- cholesterol metabolism --- apoptosis --- autophagy --- heart --- kidney --- Camelina oil --- Camelina cake --- polyunsaturated fatty acids --- broiler chicken --- threonine --- metabolism --- blood parameter --- polyethylene glycol --- red grape pomace waste --- broiler chickens --- alternative energy source --- soybean lecithin --- phospholipids --- vegetable acid oil --- digestibility balance --- free fatty acids --- triacylglycerols --- mannanoligosaccharide --- oxidative status --- Partridge Shank chickens --- nanoparticles --- chromium --- supplementation --- electrophysiology --- Ussing chamber --- antibiotics --- intestinal health --- probiotics --- methionine --- reduced crude protein --- slaughter characteristics --- medicinal mushrooms --- Allium --- feed additive --- organosulfur compounds --- polyphenols --- levels --- sources --- carcass --- betaine --- Evans blue dye --- physiological responses --- feed additives --- prebiotics --- phytogenics --- organic acids --- anticoccidials --- Clostridium perfringens --- production performance --- essential oils --- housing system --- ISA brown --- production --- egg production --- green tea powder --- huainan partridge chicken --- lipoprotein lipase --- plasma lipid --- cadmium --- clay --- blood biochemical parameters --- multienzymes --- administration method --- enzyme dose --- blood constituents --- blood chemistry --- emulsifiers --- TBARs --- nutrient requirements --- growth indices --- modeling --- Chinese yellow-feathered chickens --- probiotic --- phytobiotic --- alternative ingredients --- lipid peroxidation --- biological nano-curcumin --- diet --- pathogens --- phytobiotics --- green tea --- pomegranate --- drinking water --- antiradical activity --- cecal microbiota --- SNP --- IGF1 --- IGFBP2 --- TGFß3 --- Hubbard F15 --- Cobb E --- meat --- bilberry leaves --- walnut leaves --- digestive enzyme activities --- blood haematology --- serum biochemistry