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Book
Year: 2016 Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
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A large literature exists on trabecular and cortical bone morphology. The engineering performance of bone, implied from its 3d architecture, is often the endpoint of bone biology experiments, being clinically relevant to bone fracture. How and why does bone travel along its complex spatio-temporal trajectory to acquire its architecture? The question "why" can have two meanings. The first, "teleological - why is an architecture advantageous?" – is the domain of substantial biomechanical research to date. The second, "etiological – how did an architecture come about?" – has received far less attention. This Frontiers Bone Research Topic invited contributions addressing this "etiological why" – what mechanisms can coordinate the activity of bone forming and resorbing cells to produce the observed complex and efficient bone architectures? One mechanism is proposed – chaotic nonlinear pattern formation (NPF) which underlies – in a unifying way – natural structures as disparate as trabecular bone, swarms of birds flying or shoaling fish, island formation, fluid turbulence and others. At the heart of NPF is the fact that simple rules operating between interacting elements multiplied and repeated many times, lead to complex and structured patterns. This paradigm of growth and form leads to a profound link between bone regulation and its architecture: in bone "the architecture is the regulation". The former is the emergent consequence of the latter. Whatever mechanism does determine bone's developing architecture has to operate at the level of individual sites of formation and resorption and coupling between the two. This has implications as to how we understand the effect on bone of agents such as gene products or drugs. It may be for instance that the "tuning" of coupling between formation and resorption might be as important as the achievement of enhanced bone volume. The ten articles that were contributed to this Topic were just what we hoped for – a snapshot of leading edge bone biology research which addresses the question of how bone gets its shape. We hope that you find these papers thought-provoking, and that they might stimulate new ideas in the research into bone architecture, growth and adaptation, and how to preserve healthy bone from gestation and childhood until old age.
Bone architecture --- coupling --- Bone biomaterials --- remodelling --- Trabecular bone --- morphometry --- Mechanotransduction --- Growth and Development --- Nonlinear pattern formation --- Cortical bone
Book
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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The book proposes extensive and varied design strategies for bone tissue engineering. The design process of materials for bone tissue scaffolds presently represents an issue of crucial importance and is being studied by many researchers throughout the world. A number of studies have been conducted, aimed at identifying the optimal material, geometry, and surface that the scaffold must possess to stimulate the formation of the largest amounts of bone in the shortest time possible.
starfish --- calcium carbonate --- porous calcium phosphate --- β-tricalcium phosphate --- bone substitute --- angiogenesis --- gellan gum --- hydroxyapatite --- lactoferrin --- bone biomaterials --- tissue engineering --- biomaterials --- mechanobiology --- scaffold design --- geometry optimization --- bone repair --- biomaterial --- alcoholism --- alcohol --- geometry optimization of scaffolds --- allograft --- block bone grafts --- custom made bone --- design techniques for scaffold --- precision and translational medicine --- bone regeneration --- graphene oxide --- mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells --- osteogenic differentiation --- poly(methyl methacrylate) --- computational mechanobiology --- bone tissue engineering --- python code --- parametric CAD (Computer Aided Design) model --- bone --- mesenchymal stem cells --- polycarbonate --- resveratrol --- polydatin --- focal adhesions --- bone health --- bacterial cellulose --- nanoAg --- antimicrobial composite --- porous implants --- bone implants --- metamaterials --- titanium --- mechanical properties --- pore size --- unit cell --- porosity --- elastic modulus --- compressive strength --- additive manufacturing --- animal model --- bone fracture --- bone healing --- posterolateral spinal fusion --- regenerative medicine --- bone morphogenetic proteins --- cell growth --- polylysine --- dental implants --- implantology --- epithelial growth --- porous materials
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