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While there is growing evidence of the importance of marine ecosystems for our societies, evidence shows also that pressures from human activities on these ecosystems are increasing, putting the health of marine ecosystems at stake worldwide. Hence, Blue Economy is becoming an important component of future socio-economic development strategies (e.g. this is called Blue Growth in Europe), that eventually can result in increasing pressures at sea, and despite the current regulatory framework (in particular with the Oceans Act, in USA or Canada, and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, in Europe), it is likely that this situation will continue in the future. Ensuring all those connected to the sea, directly or indirectly, gain a better understanding of the importance of the seas, the human-sea interactions and opportunities to act better and reduce impacts from human pressures, is central to Ocean Literacy (OL). Receiving increasing attention in Europe and USA, OL is a challenge for all parts of society: educators & trainers, children and professionals, civil society and scientists, consumers and policy/decision makers. It is seen as part of the package of solutions that will lead to a change in behavior and practice, thus reducing impacts and resulting in healthier marine ecosystems, whilst allowing development opportunities offered by seas are seized in a sustainable manner. This Research Topic focuses on the issues and options for effective OL worldwide. It discusses: (1) existing experiences in OL (formal and informal education for children, training for professionals, tools for raising awareness of consumers – and of investors in the marine sectors…) and their effectiveness (from understanding better to acting differently); (2) the role OL could play (in interaction with innovation, regulation, economic incentive, social norms…) to support human capital development as key component of sustainable growth; and (3) pre-conditions for effective OL for different sectors and target groups. Questions relevant to OL include: Which knowledge – produced by whom – to share and how? Who to target – and how to effectively reach those targeted? How to design OL initiatives – including by mobilizing those targeted (via living lab approaches e.g.) – to ensure effective OL and pave the way for behavior change? What are the knowledge gaps that limit our capacity to design effective OL? As scientists, it is likely you have many more questions to offer and discuss.

ocean literacy --- ResponSEAble --- behavior change --- attitude toward oceans --- human pressures

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Presents information on the "Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry" (ISSN 0005-7916), published by Elsevier Science in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The "Journal" publishes case reports and research articles on new procedures, experimental studies, and analyses of behavior disorders. Notes that the targeted audience of the "Journal" is behavioral therapists, psychiatrists, and clinical psychologists. Includes ordering and subscription information.

Behavior therapy --- Thérapie de comportement --- Behavior Therapy --- Psychiatry --- Périodiques. --- Behavior Therapy. --- Psychology, Experimental --- Behavior therapists. --- Behavior therapy. --- Elsevier Science. --- Amsterdam (Netherlands) --- Behavioral therapy --- Therapy, Behavior --- Therapy, Conditioning --- Behavior Modification --- Conditioning Therapy --- Behavior Modifications --- Behavior Therapies --- Conditioning Therapies --- Modification, Behavior --- Modifications, Behavior --- Therapies, Behavior --- Therapies, Conditioning --- Behavior modification --- Psychotherapy --- Mind-Body Therapies --- Behavior Control --- Behavior Treatment --- Treatment, Behavior --- Psychiatry. --- Psychiatrists --- Psychiatrist --- Behavior Change Techniques --- Behavior Change Technique --- Technique, Behavior Change

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"The central objective of the International Year of Sanitation was to put the global community on track to achieve the Millennium Development Goals MDG sanitation target. However, one year later, it is still difficult to keep sanitation high on the agenda, while practical action is required to encourage demand driven and sustainable solutions. With the support of the German Ministry for Development and Cooperation and together with the European Investment Bank EIB and the French Development Agency AFD, KfW organised a two day Symposium to specifically address ways in which financing institutions can better promote the achievement of the MDG sanitation target. More than 70 experts from various backgrounds explored the challenges of sanitation and discussed ways to further develop innovative financing mechanisms for improved hygiene, sanitation and wastewater management in low-income countries. Four thematic areas were tackled by detailed background papers, presentations and high-level open floor discussions. Session 1: Financing Change in Personal Hygiene Behaviour and Demand Creation for Sanitation Motivation This section contains a rapid review of past experiences in developed countries and the evolution of methods used in developing countries to change hygiene and sanitation behaviors, including successes and failures. Relative costs and impacts, the role of institutional arrangements and actors, as well as approaches for linking hygiene behavior change and sanitation demand creation (so called software investments) with hardware investments are examined. Finally, considerations and opportunities for development banks and other financing agencies to become engaged in the scale-up of hygiene behavior change and sanitation demand creation approaches which have demonstrated success are presented. Session 2: Targeting the Poor with Facilities and Improved Services Motivation The interventions that can help poor people to access sanitation goods and services are examined. The focus is on three types of interventions: the use of low-cost technologies, the use of micro-credit and the use of targeted public finance (or subsidies) to reduce the funding gap that poor people face to meet the capital and recurrent costs of sustainable sanitation. Targeted public finance, performance assessment, effectiveness, sustainability, public funding strategies and performance are analysed. Session 3: Urban Spaces - How to Provide and Finance Service to Peri-urban Areas New approaches to meet sanitation challenges arising from absolute population growth and rapid urbanization are examined from a technical point of view. Simplified solutions and semi-centralised supply and treatment systems are examined in detail and with the help of examples. Session 4: The Potential Role of Utilities in Sanitation Provision for Peri-urban Areas and Poor Target Groups The question why sanitation service provision by local government authorities is poor is addressed. Examples of how water supply and sanitation utilities are being encouraged to support peri-urban areas and poor target groups with the provision of sanitation services are provided. The difficulties of utilities to provide piped water and sewers in a commercially viable manner is addressed. The role of local government authorities, of the regulatory framework, of education and public awareness is highlighted. A theme that appeared in all four sessions concerned the process of project design by development banks. Recommendations to improve it in order to best tackle sanitation issues were as follows: 1. address the entire sanitation chain 2. plan for all urban areas including informal housing areas and slums 3. ensure the sustainable operation of all sections of the sanitation chain (long-term effectiveness). For the full proceedings and the main findings and recommendations, please visit www.iwaponline.com to download free of charge."

Industrial applications of scientific research & technological innovation --- Water supply & treatment --- sanitation --- finance --- developing countries --- hygiene --- Behavior change (public health) --- Local government --- Poverty --- Sewerage --- Subsidy --- Water supply

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Interpersonal relations --- Interpersonal relations. --- Human relations --- Interpersonal relationships --- Personal relations --- Relations, Interpersonal --- Relationships, Interpersonal --- Social behavior --- Behavior --- Behavior Therapy --- Psychology, Applied --- Applied Psychology --- Applied Psychologies --- Psychologies, Applied --- Therapy, Behavior --- Therapy, Conditioning --- Behavior Modification --- Conditioning Therapy --- Behavior Modifications --- Behavior Therapies --- Conditioning Therapies --- Modification, Behavior --- Modifications, Behavior --- Therapies, Behavior --- Therapies, Conditioning --- Acceptance Process --- Acceptance Processes --- Behaviors --- Process, Acceptance --- Processes, Acceptance --- Social psychology --- Object relations (Psychoanalysis) --- Mind-Body Therapies --- Behavior Control --- Behavior Treatment --- Treatment, Behavior --- Behavior. --- Behavior Therapy. --- Psychology, Applied. --- Behavior Change Techniques --- Behavior Change Technique --- Technique, Behavior Change

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Behavior therapy for children --- Adolescent psychotherapy --- Behavior therapy --- Psychiatric hospital care --- People with mental disabilities --- Behavior Therapy. --- Residential Treatment. --- Behavior therapy. --- Behavior therapy for children. --- Psychiatric hospital care. --- Residential treatment --- Institutional care --- Residential treatment. --- Institutional care. --- Psychiatric hospital treatment --- Mental institutions --- Behavioral therapy --- Residential treatment of adolescents --- Residential Treatments --- Treatment, Residential --- Treatments, Residential --- Therapy, Behavior --- Therapy, Conditioning --- Behavior Modification --- Conditioning Therapy --- Behavior Modifications --- Behavior Therapies --- Conditioning Therapies --- Modification, Behavior --- Modifications, Behavior --- Therapies, Behavior --- Therapies, Conditioning --- Intellectually disabled persons --- Mental disabilities, People with --- Mentally deficient persons --- Mentally disabled persons --- Mentally disordered persons --- Mentally handicapped --- Mentally retarded persons --- People with intellectual disabilities --- Retarded persons --- Mentally ill --- Hospital care --- Mental health services --- Child psychotherapy --- Behavior modification --- Psychotherapy --- Child mental health services --- Children --- Mind-Body Therapies --- Behavior Control --- People with disabilities --- Intellectual disability --- Adolescent psychiatry --- Behavioural disorders --- Behavior Treatment --- Treatment, Behavior --- Behavior Change Techniques --- Behavior Change Technique --- Technique, Behavior Change