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The characteristics and abilities of autonomous drones pose major chal­lenges for liability law. Nowadays only personal injury and damage to property on the ground are covered by strict liability (Art. 64 para. 1 Swiss Aviation Act). Injured parties are in danger of being left without legal pro­tection in the event of mid-air collisions, as claims for damages cannot be asserted on the basis of erroneous decisions by an algorithm, either through liability for wilful or negligent wrongdoing (Art. 41 para. 1 Swiss Code of Obligations) or product liability. The same applies to purely pecu­niary loss. The question of liability for wilful or negligent wrongdoing arises only if duties of care were violated when using autonomous drones. Such duties of care may ensue from permit and operating regulations. Currently autonomous flights without the possibility of direct control and beyond a pilot’s field of vision are allowed only with special permits. As international efforts show, such barriers will come down in future. Appropriate licensing and operating regulations as described in this dissertation will therefore be required. At the same time it will be necessary to extend strict liability under aviation law for unmanned aircraft that are not steered by a pilot to damage in the event of mid-air collisions and to purely pecuniary damage. The specific legal formulations and their legislative implementation are proposed and discussed here for this purpose.

Law --- Jurisprudence & general issues --- Aviation law --- Robotics

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Aeronautics --- Aeronautics, Commercial --- Law and legislation --- Aerospace law --- Air law --- Aviation law --- Aviation regulations --- Aeronautics and state --- Space law --- Airlines --- Laws and regulations --- Aeronautics - Law and legislation --- Aeronautics, Commercial - Law and legislation --- DROIT AERIEN --- TRANSPORT AERIEN --- EUROPE

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It is a remarkable achievement to write a book that almost four decades after its publication has lost virtually none of its relevance. Manfred Lachs’ famous treatise on the Law of Outer Space was originally published in 1972, yet it is still a classic and must-read text for space law students today, even though copies can nowadays be rarely found. The reissue of this remarkable work is therefore timely indeed. Its aim is to make the brilliance, foresight and clarity of Lachs’ thinking once more easily accessible to a new generation of scholars. Issued on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the International Institute of Space Law, of which Lachs was President, this volume reproduces the original text of Lachs' work in full, with a new preface, introduction and index supplied by the editors.

Space law. --- Aerospace law --- Astronautics --- Space flight --- International law --- Aeronautics --- Law and legislation --- Space law --- E-books --- Law and legislation. --- Air law --- Aviation law --- Aviation regulations --- Aeronautics and state --- Laws and regulations

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Currently, perhaps the most complicated and challenging undertaking in outer space is the building of the International Space Station, the ISS. The recent decision to use the ISS also as a facility for pre-commercial research and development in a microgravity environment, inviting commercial enterprise on board, only enhanced such complications and challenges. As a consequence, the major question arises to what extent these are held in check by a sound and effective legal and regulatory regime, e.g. pertaining to criminal liability or intellectual property rights. The present book offers the first overview of applicable law and regulation which is not merely superficial, as well as some directions for future legislative and regulatory developments, written by a number of highly reputed experts in space law. The analysis, finally, is with a clear focus on the European situation in view of the particularities which increasing ESA and EU involvement in space activities bring with them.

Europese Unie. --- Ruimterecht. --- Ruimtestations. --- Vercommercialisering. --- Droit aérien. --- Droit spatial. --- Weltraumrecht. --- Aeronautics --- Space law. --- Aerospace law --- Air law --- Aviation law --- Aviation regulations --- Aeronautics and state --- Space law --- Astronautics --- Space flight --- International law --- Law and legislation. --- Laws and regulations --- Law and legislation --- International Space Station. --- European Space Agency. --- ISS (International Space Station) --- I.S.S. (International Space Station) --- ESA --- Europäische Union. --- Leiden <2004>

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The objective of this book is to provide ICAO, States, competent authorities and aerodrome operators with a comprehensive overview of legal challenges related to international aerodrome planning. Answers to derived legal questions as well as recommendations thereafter shall help to enhance regulatory systems and to establish a safer aerodrome environment worldwide. Compliant aerodrome planning has an immense impact on the safety of passengers, personnel, aircraft – and of course the airport. Achieving a high safety standard is crucial, as many incidents and accidents in aviation happen at or in the vicinity of airports. Currently, more than 40% of the ICAO Member States do not fully comply with international legal requirements for aerodrome planning. Representatives of ICAO and States, as well as aerodrome and authority personnel, will understand why compliance with the different legal facets of aerodrome planning is challenging and learn how shortcomings can be solved.

Law of the sea. --- International law. --- Law of the Sea, Air and Outer Space. --- Law of nations --- Nations, Law of --- Public international law --- Law --- High seas, Jurisdiction over --- Marine law --- Ocean --- Ocean law --- Sea, Law of the --- International law --- Maritime law --- Territorial waters --- Law and legislation --- Aeronautics --- Aerospace law --- Air law --- Aviation law --- Aviation regulations --- Aeronautics and state --- Space law --- Law and legislation. --- Laws and regulations