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Carina Klein examines the quality of the existing modern ammonoid zonation based on three methods, being Unitary Associations (UA), Constrained Optimization (CONOP) as well as Ranking and Scaling (RASC). The author sets out which of these three methods is best suitable to refine these zones. The results obtained are compared to each other with regard to ammonoid succession and resolution as well as with empirical data from selected reference sections. The analysis reveals that the UA and RASC methods are the most suitable since the results best mirror the empirical data from the single outcrops. Contents Geological and Stratigraphical Background< Ammonoid Species across the Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary and Localities in the Rhenish Mountains (Germany) Introduction and Comparison of the Methods UA, CONOP, RASC Comparison with the Existing Ammonoid Zonation and Suggestion of New Bio Zones< Target Groups Lecturers and Students of Biology and Geosciences, especially Stratigraphy, Palaeontology, and Geology Practitioners in the Field of Petroleum Geosciences The Author Carina Klein completed her Master's degree at the Freie Universität Berlin in 2014. Afterwards, she started her PhD project at the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin studying major patterns of developmental trajectories in the evolutionary history of the Ammonoidea.

Earth sciences. --- Paleontology. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Earth Sciences. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Paleontology, Stratigraphic --- Ammonoidea. --- Paleobiology. --- Methodology. --- Palaeobiology --- Ammoneae --- Ammonites (Mollusks) --- Ammonoids --- Stratigraphic paleontology --- Biology --- Paleontology --- Cephalopoda, Fossil --- Paleontology . --- Evolution (Biology). --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Fossilogy --- Fossilology --- Palaeontology --- Paleontology, Zoological --- Paleozoology --- Historical geology --- Zoology --- Fossils --- Prehistoric animals in motion pictures

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This two-volume work is a testament to the abiding interest and human fascination with ammonites. We offer a new model to explain the morphogenesis of septa and the shell, we explore their habitats by the content of stable isotopes in their shells, we discuss the origin and later evolution of this important clade, and we deliver hypotheses on its demise. The Ammonoidea produced a great number of species that can be used in biostratigraphy and possibly, this is the macrofossil group, which has been used the most for that purpose. Nevertheless, many aspects of their anatomy, mode of life, development or paleobiogeographic distribution are still poorly known.   Themes treated are biostratigraphy, paleoecology, paleoenvironment, paleobiogeography, evolution, phylogeny, and ontogeny. Advances such as an explosion of new information about ammonites, new technologies such as isotopic analysis, tomography and virtual paleontology in general, as well as continuous discovery of new fossil finds have given us the opportunity to present a comprehensive and timely "state of the art" compilation. Moreover, it also points the way for future studies to further enhance our understanding of this endlessly fascinating group of organisms.

Earth Sciences. --- Paleontology. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Invertebrates. --- Zoology. --- Geography. --- Evolution (Biology). --- Géographie --- Paléontologie --- Evolution (Biologie) --- Zoologie --- Invertébrés --- Ammonoidea. --- Geology --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Paleontology --- Ammoneae --- Ammonites (Mollusks) --- Ammonoids --- Earth sciences. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Cephalopoda, Fossil --- Paleontology . --- Biology --- Natural history --- Animals --- Invertebrata --- Animal evolution --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Fossilogy --- Fossilology --- Palaeontology --- Paleontology, Zoological --- Paleozoology --- Historical geology --- Zoology --- Fossils --- Prehistoric animals in motion pictures