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You could be forgiven for thinking that the smile has no history; it has always been the same. However, just as different cultures in our own day have different rules about smiling, so did different societies in the past. In fact, amazing as it might seem, it was only in late eighteenth century France that western civilization discovered the art of the smile. In the 'Old Regime of Teeth' which prevailed in western Europe until then, smiling was quite literally frowned upon.Individuals were fatalistic about tooth loss, and their open mouths would often have been visually repulsive. Rules of con

1700 - 1799 --- 1700-talet --- Paris (France) --- Antiquities. --- Ethnic relations. --- History.

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Stephen Gaukroger presents an original account of the development of science and our understanding of ourselves during a period which saw a fundamental shift in how the role of science was understood. At the core of the shift, he argues, lay the aim of understanding human behaviour and motivations in empirical rather than theological and metaphysical terms.

Science --- Philosophy and science --- Religion and science --- Science and civilization. --- History --- 1700-1799 --- 1700-talet --- 1800-talet --- Europa. --- Europe. --- Behavior. --- Comportement humain. --- Filosofi och naturvetenskap. --- Human behavior. --- Natural History --- Naturwissenschaften. --- Philosophie et sciences --- Philosophie. --- Philosophy and science. --- Religion and science. --- Religion et sciences --- Religion och vetenskap. --- Religion. --- SCIENCE --- Science. --- Sciences et civilisation. --- Sciences --- Vetenskap --- human behavior. --- History. --- Histoire --- Historia. --- 1700-1899. --- 1700-talet. --- 1800-talet.

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A footprint materializes mysteriously on a deserted shore; a giant helmet falls from the sky; a traveler awakens to find his horse dangling from a church steeple. Eighteenth-century fiction brims with moments such as these, in which the prosaic rubs up against the marvelous. While it is a truism that the period's literature is distinguished by its realism and air of probability, Eighteenth-Century Fiction and the Reinvention of Wonder argues that wonder is integral to-rather than antithetical to-the developing techniques of novelistic fiction. Positioning its reader on the cusp between recognition and estrangement, between faith and doubt, modern fiction hinges upon wonder. 'Eighteenth-Century Fiction and the Reinvention of Wonder's chapters unfold its new account of fiction's rise through surprising new readings of classic early novels-from Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe to Jane Austen's Northanger Abbey-as well as bringing to attention lesser known works, most notably Rudolf Raspe's Baron Munchausen's 'Narrative of His Marvellous Travels'. In this bold new account, the eighteenth century bears witness not to the world's disenchantment but rather to wonder's re-location from the supernatural realm to the empirical world, providing a re-evaluation not only of how we look back at the Enlightenment, but also of how we read today.

Comparative literature --- Thematology --- History of civilization --- anno 1700-1799 --- Curiosities and wonders in literature. --- English fiction --- Curiosités et merveilles dans la littérature --- Roman anglais --- History and criticism. --- Histoire et critique --- 094:820 --- 820 "17" --- Oude en merkwaardige drukken. Kostbare en zeldzame boeken. Preciosa en rariora-:-Engelse literatuur --- Engelse literatuur--18e eeuw. Periode 1700-1799 --- 820 "17" Engelse literatuur--18e eeuw. Periode 1700-1799 --- 094:820 Oude en merkwaardige drukken. Kostbare en zeldzame boeken. Preciosa en rariora-:-Engelse literatuur --- Englisch. --- English fiction. --- Literatur. --- Litteratur --- Prosa. --- Trivia i litteraturen. --- Wunder. --- History and criticism --- Historia. --- 1700-1799. --- 1700-talet. --- Curiosités et merveilles dans la littérature --- Fiction --- Curiosities and wonders in literature

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This collection of essays takes stock of the 'new Britissh queer history'. It is intended both for scholars and students of British social and cultural history and of the history of sexuality and for a broader readership interested in queer issues. British queer history builds on the first wave of sexual diversity scholarship in the 1970s but, since the turn of the millennium, there has been a remarkable efflorescence of deeply researched, theoretically savvy work, covering the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, that has taken the study of 'gay and lesbian' history in intriguing new directions. In offering a snapshot of the field, this volume demonstrates the richness and promise of one of the most vibrant areas of modern British history and the complexity and breadth of discussion, debate and approach. It showcases challenging think-pieces from leading luminaries alongside some of the most original and exciting research by established and emerging young scholars. Drawing on a wide variety of source materials, the topics range from newspaper reporting of sodomy cases, to homoerotic representations of male youths in art, to queer autobiographical accounts, to oral histories of Scottish lesbians, to the camp world of gossip writers, to gay pornography and to much else besides. The book provides a plethora of fresh perspectives and a wealth of new information, suggests enticing avenues for research and - in bringing the whole question of sexual identity to the forefront of debate - challenges us to rethink the parameters of the field.

Homosexuality --- English literature --- Homosexuality in literature. --- Queer theory --- Same-sex attraction --- Sexual orientation --- Bisexuality --- Gender identity --- History. --- Engelsk litteratur. --- Englisch. --- Eroticism. --- Erotik. --- Homosexualitet i litteraturen. --- Homosexuality. --- Homosexualität. --- Identitet. --- Identity. --- Lesbianism. --- Literary studies --- Literatur. --- Literature, Modern. --- Litteraturvetenskap --- Medicine in Literature. --- Nichtfiktionale Prosa. --- Sexualitet. --- Sexuality. --- Early modern. --- Great Britain --- Homosexualitet --- 1500-1700. --- 1500-talet. --- 1600-talet. --- 1700-talet. --- England. --- Storbritannien. --- British literature --- Inklings (Group of writers) --- Nonsense Club (Group of writers) --- Order of the Fancy (Group of writers) --- Literature --- Gay & Lesbian Studies --- LITERARY CRITICISM / Renaissance --- Literary studies: c 1400 to c 1600 --- Agnes de Castro. --- Canon law. --- Catherine Trotter. --- Christian theology. --- Greek texts. --- James I. --- Latin texts. --- Turkish seraglio. --- William Shakespeare. --- criminal pamphlets. --- early modern England. --- homo-sexual subculture. --- homoerotic sexuality. --- literary texts. --- pseudo-medical writings. --- religious writings. --- renaissance. --- same-sex erotic relationships. --- travel writings. --- tribadism. --- British art history. --- British queer history. --- British tabloid press. --- Film Censorship. --- Gender equality. --- John Everett Millais. --- Sexual Offences Act. --- gay pornography. --- gossip writing. --- homophile internationalism. --- homosexual law reform. --- postwar Britain. --- self-identified lesbians. --- social practice. --- transnational solidarity.